• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemical characteristics of Asian dust (hereafter called "AD") particles with the aid of the most advanced micro-PIXE (Particle-induced X-ray emission) analytical technique. To this end, size-selected particles were sampled on a rural peninsula of Korea (Byunsan, 35.37N; 126.27E) during AD and non-AD periods in 2004. The coarse particle (> $2{\mu}m$) number density during an AD event were 170 times higher than those of the non-AD counterpart. The average net-count of silica in individual particles collected on AD event was roughly 11 times higher than that of non-AD counterpart. The X-ray net-counts of trace elements (Zn, Co, Mn, and V) were also considerably high in AD relative to the non-AD day. Particle classification based on the inter ratio analysis of elemental net-count suggests that a large portion of the coarse particles collected during AD event underwent chemical transformation to a certain degree. The visual interpretation of micro-PIXE elemental maps and elemental localization data in and/or on individual AD particles clarified the internal mixture of AD particles with sea-salt and artificial metallic particles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.81-87
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• 2020

A stable rotational-to-linear motion transformation structure using a driving mechanism with 2 degrees of freedom was developed for an orthogonal mechanism to prevent the interference of each axis in 2D motion. In this mechanism, a step motor was used for precise position control. This structure was developed to maneuver workparts in micro particle blast machining experiments. To determine the real-time performance of micro particle blast machining, the control, input, and output were operated simultaneously and precise position control was implemented, using a timer interrupt with multiple execution codes. The two step motors obtained precise position control by removing backlash with a ball-screw mechanism. The device has menu-type control codes for user-friendliness, and real-time sequence control was simultaneously adopted for user control input.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.361-365
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• 2005

In this study, we chronicle the establishment of a novel transformation system for the unicellular marine green alga, Dunaliella salina. We introduced the CaMV35S promoter-GUS construct into D. salina with a PDS1000/He micro-particle bombardment system. Forty eight h after transformation, via histochemical staining, we observed the transient expression of GUS in D. salina cells which had been bombarded under rupture-disc pressures of 450 psi and 900 psi. We observed no GUS activity in either the negative or the blank controls. Our findings indicated that the micro-particle bombardment method constituted a feasible approach to the genetic transformation of D. salina. We also conducted tests of the cells' sensitivity to seven antibiotics and one herbicide, and our results suggested that 20 ${\mu}g$/ ml of Basta could inhibit cell growth completely. The bar gene, which encodes for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and confers herbicide tolerance, was introduced into the cells via the above established method. The results of PCR and PCR-Southern blot analyses indicated that the gene was successfully integrated into the genome of the transformants.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.679-682
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• 2008

The particle which has two different characteristics on both sides is called Janus particle which is emerging as a key material in microscale transport systems. For example, if one hemisphere has polarity and the other does not, then nonpolar sides would attract each other so that a complex cluster is formed. Thus, this fascinating material can be used as an element of twisting ball panel display, complex micro-scale clusters, drug delivery unit, and active detecting beads. The keywords in developing Janus particle are size and uniformity. Former researches solved uniformity but downsizing still remains a problem. There are three methods to generate small size particles in microchannels: co-flowing, cross-flowing, and elongational flows. In this research, we generate Janus particles smaller than 10-${\mu}$m in diameter using elongational flow in microchannels. And we use UV initiator with Hydrogen UV source to solidify micro size particles. One hemisphere of the particle is coated with rhodamin for visualization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2017

The effect of particle sizes on the aerosol deposition (AD) of Cu films is investigated in order to understand the deposition behaviors of metal powder during the AD process. The Cu coatings fabricated by using $2{\mu}m$ Cu powders had a dense microstructure, a high deposition rate ($1.6{\pm}0.2{\mu}m/min$), and low resistance ($9.42{\pm}0.4{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$) compared to that from using Cu powder with a particle size greater than $5{\mu}m$. Also, from estimating the internal micro-strain of Cu films, the Cu coatings fabricated by using $2{\mu}m$ Cu particles exhibited a high micro-strain value of $3.307{\times}10^{-3}$. On the other hand, the strain of Cu coatings fabricated with $5{\mu}m$ particles was decreased to $2.76{\times}10^{-3}$. These results seem to show that the impacted Cu particles are compressed and flattened by shock waves, and that their bonding is associated with the high internal micro-strain caused by plastic deformation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2000

Techniques such as dissolved air flotation and electroflotation, which utilize micro bubbles, are increasingly used for water and wastewater treatment. Most studies have concentrated on particle characteristics. Pretreatments that manipulate particle size and zeta potential were considered important. A recent study, which modeled the collision mechanism between micro bubbles and particles in dissolved air flotation, suggested bubble characteristics should also be important. Hydrogen micro bubbles were generated electrolytically and their zeta potentials measured under various conditions using a novel electrophoresis method. Effects of several parameters were investigated. Bubble zeta potentials were found to be pH dependent, and to have a negative value around neutral pH, becoming zero or positive at lower pH. The pH at zero zeta potential was 5.0 under study conditions. Using artificial solution and tap water, at fixed pH, bubble zeta potentials varied with solution composition. Zeta potentia]s of bubbles were affected by the types of cations and anions in solution but not by the voltage applied. These findings will help improve efficiencies of particle removal processes that utilize micro bubbles. As bubble zeta potential varies with solution composition, it needs to be measured for each composition to understand those effects, which increase removal efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.70-75
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• 2018

This study analyzes the change of Al 6061-T6 specimen surface shape when undergoing microparticle spraying and analyzes the influence of factors on the experiment. Fine particle spraying is applied to the specimen and the surface shape of the processed surface is measured through a surface shape measuring device. The measured data was analyzed by the ANOVA method to investigate the effect of factors such as particle, nozzle diameter, pressure, injection height, and injection time on the injection depth and injection diameter.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2022

Recent advancement of micro/nano technology enables the development of diverse micro/nano particle-based delivery systems. Due to the multi-functionality and engineerability, particle-based delivery system are expected to be a promising method for delivery to the target cell. Since the particle-based delivery system should be delivered to the various kinds of target cell, including the cardiovascular system, cancer cell etc., it is frequently decorated with multiple kinds of targeting molecule(s) to induce specific interaction to the target cell. The surface decorated molecules interact with the cell surface expressed molecule(s) to specifically form a firm adhesion. Thus, in this study, the probability of adhesion is estimated to predict the possibility to form a firm adhesion for the multi-ligand decorated particle-based delivery system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2017

An experimental study of micro blasting for a rotating aluminum rod was conducted through the statistical analysis of ANOVA to obtain the effect of blasting conditions. The rotating equipment was designed and constructed with forward and backward moving for helical blasting, but rotation was used in this study. The blasting condition factors were the type of abrasive particle, nozzle diameter, pressure, standoff distance, injection time, etc. The width of the surface, the maximum depth of the sprayed surface, and ANOVA were analyzed by statistical analysis. The results showed that the contributions of the main factors were pressure, nozzle diameter, and injection particle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.514-517
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• 2004

We have studied motion of micro-particle immersed in liquid crystal (LC) controlled by in-plane field, which is an important technology in the electro-phoretic display (EPD). In the EPD on and off states are decided by movement of these charged particles and response time is influenced by moving velocity of charged particles. In addition, the velocity can be controlled by intensity of applied voltage such that the higher the applied voltage, the faster velocity of particles become. In this study, we investigated particles's motion as functions of applied voltage, temperature of LC, rubbing direction,