• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2014

Objectives : Warm needling is the method combining the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. In modern clinics, warm needling is only affected by treatment time or frequency. We need to study the physical characteristics of warm needles currently used in clinics in order to develop more efficient and economical treatments. Methods : We collected various warm needle specimens and analyzed chemical constitutions, measured heat transfer velocity, micro Vicker's hardness and specific resistance. We studied the relationship between heat transfer velocity and micro Vicker's hardness as well as that between heat transfer velocity and specific resistance. Results : The heat transfer velocity of the Silver_HL was 3.3 mm/sec, of the Au alloy group was 1.3~2.6 mm/sec, and Silver_IN, Silver_ZK and SS groups was less than 0.3 mm/sec. We therefore concluded that the needle composed of Ag has the best heat transfer velocity. In the Micro Vicker's hardness test, Vicker's hardness of the Au alloy group was 159~170 Hv, of Silver_HL was 181 Hv, and of the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK, SS group was 450.8~519 Hv. In the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK and SS groups, hardness was inversely proportial to thermal conductivity. In the specific resistance test, the specific resistance of Silver_HL was the lowest, that of the Au alloy group was the second lowest, and that of the Silver_IN, Silver_ZK, SS groups were the highest. Conclusions : We concluded that the needle composed of Ag has the best heat transfer velocity, highest electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, therefore the needle composed of Ag is suitable for warm needling.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2006

As an increase of chip complexity and level of chip integration, chip input/output (I/O) pad pitches are also drastically reduced. With arrival of high complexity SoC (System on Chip) and SiP (System in Package) products, conventional horizontal type probe card showed its limitation on probing density for wafer level test. To enhance probing density, we proposed new vertical type probe card that has the $70{\mu}m$ probe needle with tungsten wire in $80{\mu}m$ micro-drilled hole in ceramic board. To minimize alignment error, micro-drilling conditions are optimized and epoxy-hardening conditions are also optimized to minimize planarity changes. To apply wafer level test for target devices (T5365 256M SDRAM), designed probe card was characterized by probe needle tension for test, contact resistance measurement, leakage current measurement and the planarity test. Compare to conventional probe card with minimum pitch of $50{\sim}125{\mu}m\;and\;2\;{\Omega}$ of average contact resistance, designed probe card showed only $22{\mu}$ of minimum pitch and $1.5{\Omega}$ of average contact resistance. And also, with the nature of vertical probing style, it showed comparably small contact scratch and it can be applied to bumping type chip test.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.2303-2309
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• 2014

본 연구는 자동미세다륜침 적용한 한 뒤 EGF를 50대여성의 노화피부에 공급하여 수분과 탄력의 증가, 색소와 눈가주름의 감소에 효과를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 50대여성 35명을 대상으로 2013년 10월 7일부터 2013년 12월 15일까지 총 70일간 이루어졌다. 연구결과 자동미세다륜침의 사용만으로 수분(<.01), 탄력(<.001)이 좋아졌으며, 색소(<.01)와 주름(<.001)이 감소하였다. 또한 활성성분인 EGF를 적용하였을 때 자동미세다륜침만 사용하였을 때 보다 좋은 결과를 나타냈다. 이에 재생을 촉진하는 EGF 등의 활성성분을 함께 사용한다면 긍정적인 효과를 더욱 증대시킬 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 Techno-Fair 및 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.220-221
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• 2007

Micro plasma has been recently studied to investigate the effects on various cells. We study a micro-plasma produced by a plasma needle that is operated with RF power and its effects on G361 melanoma cells. The micro plasma size ranges from sub-mm to several mm at a few watts of RF power. For the bio-medical treatment, low-temperature plasma is obtained and gas temperature is controlled within several tens of degrees $(^{\circ}C)$ in order not to disturb cell activities. Elementary spectroscopic studies to obtain plasma characteristics are presented for Ar and He plasma with different frequencies of RF power. Also the preliminary results of the micro plasma effects on G361 melanoma cells are presented. It was observed that the irradiation of micro plasma induces cell death through the deprivation of tyrosine phosphorylation in the G361 cells.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.231-232
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• 2006

Ultrasonic machining technology has been developed over recent years for manufacturing the quality-assured precision parts fur several industrial application such as optics, semiconductors, aerospace and automobile application. Ultrasonic needle horning is widely used in cutting(drilling) of non-conductive, brittle workpiece materials. This paper intends to understanding of the basic mechanism of ultrasonic needle horning. And frequency analysis program is used to easily predict the natural frequency of ultrasonic vibration cutting tools.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

복제수정란 생산에 있어서 수핵란 내 체세포 주입 후 전기적인 융합은 필수과정인데, 이 과정을 거치는 동안 많은 수의 체세포 주입 난자가 융합에 실패하거나 lysis가 일어나게 된다. 본 실험에서는 한우 체세포를 이용하여 핵이식을 실시한 후 수핵세포질과 응합을 시도할 때 전기융합 방법에 따른 융합율과 배발달율을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 공여세포는 한우 귀 세포조직을 채취하여 0.05% trypsin과 EDTA가 첨가된 D-PBS로 세포를 분리한 후 DMEM 배양액으로 계대배양을 실시하여 사용하였다. 핵이식을 위하여 체외성숙시킨 난자를 탈핵용 micro pipette을 이용하여 투명대를 절개하고 수핵 난자의 극체 와 핵을 제거한 후 공여세포를 주입하였으며, 핵이식 수정란은 직접, 간접적인 전기적 자극으로 융합을 실시한 후 calcium iono-phore와 6-DMAP를 이용하여 활성화를 유도하였다. 활성화된 수정란은 38.5$^{\circ}C$, 90% $N_2$, 5% $CO_2$로 조정된 배양기에서 처음 3일은 0.3% BSA가 첨가된 CR1-aa 배양액에서, 배양 4일째부터는 10% FBS가 첨가된 CR1-aa 배양액에서 배양을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 전기자극 융합방법에 따른 수핵난자의 융합율과 lysis율은 electric chamber를 이용하여 간접융합을 실시하였을 경우 51.6%와 10.7%를 보였고, needle을 이용하여 직접 융합을 실시하였을 경우 68.9%의 융합율과 11.5%의 lysis율을 보임으로써 needle을 이용한 직접융합 방법이 유의적으로 높은 융합율을 보였다(P<0.05). 융합 후 체외 발달과정을 살펴보면 난할율에 있어서 needle을 이용했을 시 80.3%로 chamber를 이용했을 시 73.2%보다 유의적으로 높은 난할율을 보였다. 초기배 발달단계인 2∼4세포기의 발달율 역시 needle을 사용한 구가 61.1%로 chamber를 사용한 구 54.1%보다 유의적으로 높은 차이를 보였다. 상실배 단계는 chamber를 사용한 구가 6.7%로 needle을 사용한 구 6.2%보다 약간 높았지만 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 하지만 이식 가능한 단계인 배반포배 발달율에 있어서는 needle을 사용하여 융합을 시도한 구가 26.3%로 chamber를 사용한 구 18.4%보다 유의적으로 높은 발달율을 보였다(P<0.05). electric chamber를 이용하여 전기융합을 시도시전류가 흐르는 wire와 주입된 체세포가 직각을 이루도록 정렬을 시키느라 많은 시간이 소요되고, 주입한 체세포가 세포질과 떨어진 난자는 전기자극을 주어도 융합이 일어날 수 없으며, 높은 전압을 사용하기 때문에 융합된 복제란의 lysis가 많이 발생하는게 가장 큰 단점으로 꼽을 수 있다. 하지만 미세조작기와 needle 방법을 이용하면 낮은 전압을 이용하여 융합을 시도하기 때문에 복제란의 lysis를 줄일 수 있고, 전극과 체세포 주입란을 정렬시키는 과정이 생략되어 시간이 절약되며, 결정적으로 주입된 체세포가 세포질과 떨어져 있더라도 미세조작기로 약간의 압력을 가하여 전기자극을 가할 수 있어서 보다 높은 융합율과 배반포배 발달율을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 needle을 이용한 직접적인 전기융합 방법이 체세포 복제수정란 생산에 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• 감성과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

최근 신체활동에 대해 인식하는 센서와 그 제품군에 대한 관심 및 수요가 증가하고 있다. 특히 유연하고 연신이 가능하며 사용자의 생체신호를 감지할 수 있는 웨어러블 소재에 대한 개발이 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소수성 소재에 Micro Needle을 통해 미세 구멍을 형성한 후 SWCNT 분산용액에 대한 함침 효율을 향상시키는 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 구멍을 뚫지 않은 소재를 대조(control) 군으로 함침을 진행, 비교 분석하였다. 센서의 전기전도도를 평가하기 위해 Strain UTM (Universal Testing Machine, UTM, Dacell)과 저항을 측정하는 멀티미터(Keysight)를 이용해 센서를 인장했을 때의 센서의 전기전도도를 측정하였다. 또한 센서의 내구성을 평가하기 위해 시료별로 500회 인장을 진행한 후에 센서의 전기전도도를 평가하였다. 그 결과 Needling을 한 센서의 전기전도성이 Needling을 하지 않은 센서에 비해 최소 16배 이상 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 또한 센서의 초기 저항에 비해 게이지 팩터도 우수해 센서로서 좋은 성능을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 친수성 소재에 비해 물성이 뛰어나지만, 높은 표면장력 때문에 함침 효율이 좋지 않았던 소수성 소재의 함침 효율을 높여 신체의 움직임을 더 효과적으로 감지하고 내구성과 활용 가능성이 뛰어난 센서를 제작했다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1986

A micro pH-ISFET probe, which can be applied to the in vivo measurements of the hydrogen ion concentration in blood, has been developed, and a measuring system equiped with this probe also developed. The pH-ISFET has been fatricated by employing the techniques of integrated circuit fabrication. Two kinds of micro electrode formed around the sensing gate during the wafer process, and the other is a capillary type of Ag/AfCl/sat. KCI reduced in size. This capillary electrode has shown its good performance characteristics so far in the application with ISFET as well as a commercial one. In order to form a micro pH-ISFET probe, this pH-ISFET and well as a commercial one. In order to form a micro pH-ISFET probe, this pH-ISFET and the capillary electrode were built together into a needle tip having 1 mm inner diameter. The chip size of a twin pH-ISFET is 0.8 mmx1.4 mm, the material of the sensing gate membrane is Si3N4, and the sensitivity of the developed probe is about 52mV/pH.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.252-255
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• 2012

In order to characterize insulation properties of epoxy/micro-silica/nano-silicate composite (EMNC), long-term and short-term AC treeing tests were carried out undr non-uniform electric field generated between needle-plate electrodes. In a long-term test, a 10 kV (60 Hz) electrical field was applied to the specimen positioned between the electrodes with a distance of 2.7 mm in an insulating oil bath at $30^{\circ}C$, and a typical branch type electrical tree was observed in the neat epoxy resin and breakdown took place at 1,042 min after applying the 10 kVelectrical field. Meanwhile, the spherical tree with the tree length of $237{\mu}m$ was seen in EMNC-65-0.3 at 52,380 min (36.4 day) and then the test was stopped because the tree propagation rate was too low. In the short-term test, an electrial field was applied to a 3.5 mm-thick specimen at an increasing voltage rate of 0.5 kV/s until breakdown in insulating oil bath at $30^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$, and the data was estimated by Weibull statistical analysis. The electrical insulation breakdown strength for neat epoxy resin was 1,763 kV/mm at $30^{\circ}C$, while that for EMNC-65-0.3 was 2,604 kV/mm, which was a modified value of 47%. As was expected, the breakdown strength decreased at higher test temperatures.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1447-1454
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• 2010

In this study, the detection limits of lower fatty acids in air were investigated by using Dynamic SPME(Solid Phase Micro-Extraction), i.e. improved Head Space - SPME method(HS-SPME). This Dynamic SPME, called SPDE(Solid Phase Dynamic Extraction), is the analytical method for volatile compounds in air with the extraction by using a stainless steel needle of which inner surface is coated with adsorption material and following the gas chromatographic analysis by inserting the needle into a injection port of GC and subsequently, desorption of the volatile compounds into a gas-chromatographic column. Extraction was carried out by passing the sample air through the needle with a suction pump which has been used for a detection tube. The result of measurement for the 6 lower fatty acids showed that the detection limits ranged from 0.10 ppm to 0.44 ppm and the linear correlation coefficients were over 0.99. Relative standard deviations obtained from 5 analytical repetition of a ca. 1.6 ppm standard mixture were in the range of 1.87%~2.47%. This method has been shown to be a adequate for the measuring C2~C5 fatty acids in air in the concentrations of over several hundreds ppb.