• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2008

The subway in Seoul, Korea has been constructed and operating 8 lines and 265 subway stations since 1974. And now it' been operated in the metropolis like Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Incheon. The subway system is being given a great deal of weight on the public transportation system. It means that the citizens of seoul are getting exposured to the underground environment more and more. As the quality of life is getting better, the desire for a pleasant(healthy) environment has been increased. so we have to study effective environment management plans for the subway, When considering Indoor air pollution as another serious environment problem.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 2005

Due to excessive city's Traffic jam, which an energy and pollution problem of metropolis have risen seriouly, Many industrialized countries have developed many kind of new transportation system for the purpose of substituting the mass traffic. Maglev system has began the revenue operation from Japan and China recently and it is beginning highlighted the new system. We examined specification to be improved in the system and safety of maglev.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.135-140
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• 2007

Landscape Architecture is the everlasting theme while the architecture is the concretionary symbol. In other words, greening system is the only living infrastructure in city. Sour of a city regional cultural connotation is decided by the city owners and presented as the exterior style and features by architecture, road, and context and landscape etc. This passage will discuss the outward manifestation and interior relationship, trend of development of Shanghai Style landscape and culture. In addition, trying to discern the progress trend of landscape in big city is also what will be talk about.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.815-818
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• 1999

The method of calculating the excess Helmholtz free energy from the averaged effective acceptance ratio for the Lennard-Jones fluid and the inverse twelve fluid has been slightly modified and applied to the two-center-Lennard-Jones liquid. The excess Helmholtz free energy is calculated directly from the average of the modified effective acceptance ratio through a single Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation. Therefore this method does not need any reference system. The results of the present method were satisfactory compared with those of the perturbation theories and the overlap ratio method.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.819-829
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• 2024

This paper delves into an examination of both non-Bayesian and Bayesian estimation techniques for determining the Topp-leone inverse Weibull distribution parameters based on progressive Type-II censoring. The first approach employs expectation maximization (EM) algorithms to derive maximum likelihood estimates for these variables. Subsequently, Bayesian estimators are obtained by utilizing symmetric and asymmetric loss functions such as Squared error and Linex loss functions. The Markov chain Monte Carlo method is invoked to obtain these Bayesian estimates, solidifying their reliability in this framework.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.385-394
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• 2001

An attempt to clarify the landscape structure of urban areas was carried out in the greenbelt around Seoul, Korea's metropolis. By means of aerial photographs and a field survey, a vegetation map including land-use pattern was made. Landscape structure was described by analyzing this vegetation map and the results of phytosociological survey. Landscape element types identified were (1) secondary forest, (2) plantation, (3) cultivated field, (4) urbanized area, (5) graveyard, and (6) bare rock. Vegetation units, resulting from the phytosociological analysis, included Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Q. aliena, and Alnus japonica communities. Plantations were composed of Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa, P. rigida, Larix leptolepis, P. koraiensis, and Castanea crenata stands. Patches near to human settlements in the lower zones of the mountains were fragmented and small but they became larger towards the higher mountain zones. On the other hand, the number of patches was fewer and their size was larger in Mt. Cheonggye more distant from the principal residential area, larger in size, and higher in elevation compared with the other 2 mountains, Mt. Daemo and Mt. Acha. Floristic composition of Mongolian oak(Q. mongolica) stand distributing in the upper part of each mountain, in which artificial interference is rare, showed a difference among those study areas different in parent rock and disturbance regime. But that of black locust(R. pseudoacacia) stand located in lowland of mountainous area, in which artificial interference is frequent was similar to each other. As the results of analyses on the frequency distribution of diameter classes of major species, dominant landscape elements, Mongolian oak forest showed different responses depending on artificial interference as continuous maintenance and retrogressive succession in the sites far from and near to the residential areas, respectively. On the other hand, black locust stands showed a probability to be restore to the native oak forest through progressive succession.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

We are living in the 21st century, a new era of high-technology. Due to movements in population towards certain preferred areas, caused by material and technological advancement, growth has occurredn beyond the metropolis, leading to the development of the so-calleda "megalopolis." This development has changed the culture of housing, notably the characteristics of high-rise buildings, and underground facilities (such as subways and shopping centers), and has generally enlarged the scale of the facilities. Due to the increase in the number of single-family households, - notably ones including only the nuclear family, there has been a growing overpopulation problem, with apartments and urban housing developments expanding at rates beyond institutional safety regulations. In this study, we analyze the phenomenon of fire spreading in apartment buildings through actual apartment fire case studies, including that of the MunjonPonpuri apartment building. It was found that the speed at which the fire spreads is lower in apartments without than in those with an extended balcony. Based on the findings from case studies and the test results, we propose a series of safety countermeasures and responses for apartment fires.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.393-406
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• 2015

We examine how to model mortality risk using the adaptation of the mean-reverting processes for the two factor model proposed by Cairns et al. (2006b). Mortality improvements have been recently observed in some countries such as United Kingdom; therefore, we assume long-run mortality converges towards a trend at some unknown time and the mean-reverting processes could therefore be an appropriate stochastic model. We estimate the parameters of the two-factor model incorporated with mean-reverting processes by a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to fit United Kingdom mortality data from 1991 to 2015. We forecast the evolution of the mortality from 2014 to 2040 based on the estimation results in order to evaluate the issue price of a longevity bond of 25 years maturity. As an application, we propose a method to quantify the speed of mortality improvement by the average mean reverting times of the processes.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze empirically the scale of region that has been covered in "The Journal of the Korean Geographical Society(대한지리학회지)" and "The Journal of the Korean Association of Regional Geographers(한국지역지리학회지)" over the last 20 years. Generally speaking, it was found that "The Journal of the Korean Geographical Society" has published a relatively more number of articles with larger scale of region and "The Journal of the Korean Association of Regional Geographers" has published more articles with smaller scale of region than the counterpart journal. Also, this study has revealed that the ratio of the studies in both journals utilizing both town/village scale(읍 면 스케일) and city/county scale(시 군 스케일) has increased continuously with marginal fluctuations. On the other hand, the ratio of the studies in both journals combining single metropolis/province scale(시 도 스케일), multiple metropolis/province scale(시 도보다 큰 스케일), and state scale(국가 스케일) has decreased continuously in general. In sum, this study is expected to offer useful data as well as future research direction to the Korean geographers.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.457-469
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• 2010

The government real estate policy has repeatedly relaxed and reinforced controls under the mutually contradictory targets. Switching over the supporting policy after the IMF crisis to the regulating policy from 2003, the government housing policy began to generate ill effects due to various regulations. This stud carefully investigates and statistically tests the transmissions of variations in the housing prices between the metropolitan areas in the early stage of the preceding administration, under the effect of the supporting scheme, and those in the late stage, under the effect of the restricting scheme. The distinctive feature between the two periods is found to be much simplified interrelationships of the price variations in the latter period. Consolidated leading role of capital sphere, by concentrated economic strength, suggest the obvious imbalance between variations in the metropolis housing prices.