• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.435-449
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• 1997

In this paper, a new metric, universal metric, is Proposed for sequential decoding of convolutional decoding. The complexity of Fano metric for Fano's sequential decoding algorithm is compared with that of the proposed universal metric. Since the Fano metric assumes that it has previous knowledge of channel transition probability, the complexity of Fano metric increases as the assumed channel error probability does not coincide with the true channel error probability. However, the universal metric dose not require the previous knowledge of the channel transition probability since it is estimated on a branch by branch basis. It is shown that the complexity of universal metric is much less than that of the Fano metric for bursty noisy channel.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2023

For an ordered set W = {w₁, w₂, . . . , w_k} of vertices and a vertex v in a connected graph G, the k-vector r(v|W) = (d(v, w₁), d(v, w₂), . . . , d(v, w_k)) is called the metric representation of v with respect to W, where d(x, y) is the distance between the vertices x and y. A set W is called a resolving set for G if distinct vertices of G have distinct metric representations with respect to W. The minimum cardinality of a resolving set for G is its metric dimension dim(G), and a resolving set of minimum cardinality is a basis of G. The corona product, G ⊙ H of graphs G and H is obtained by taking one copy of G and n(G) copies of H, and by joining each vertex of the ith copy of H to the ith vertex of G. In this paper, we obtain bounds for dim(G ⊙ K₁), characterize all graphs G with dim(G ⊙ K₁) = dim(G), and prove that dim(G ⊙ K₁) = n - 1 if and only if G is the complete graph K_n or the star graph K_1,n-1.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.767-788
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• 2004

The classical 8-node isoparametric serendipity element uses parametric shape functions for both test and trial functions. Although this element performs well in general, it yields poor results under severe mesh distortions. The distortion sensitivity is caused by the lack of continuity and/or completeness of shape functions used for test and trial functions. A recent element using parametric and metric shape functions for constructing the test and trial functions exhibits distortion immunity. This paper discusses the choice of parametric or metric shape functions as the basis for test and/or trial functions, satisfaction of continuity and completeness requirements, and their connection to distortion sensitivity. Also, the performances of four types of elements, viz., parametric, metric, parametric-metric, and metric-parametric, are compared for distorted meshes, and their merits and demerits are discussed.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.373-383
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• 1999

The ($\alpha$,$\beta$)-metric is a Finsler metric which is constructed from a Riemannian metric $\alpha$ and a differential 1-from $\beta$;it has been sometimes treated in theoretical physics. The condition for a Finsler space with an ($\alpha$,$\beta$)-metric L($\alpha$,$\beta$) to be projectively flat was given by Matsumoto [11]. The present paper is devoted to studying the condition for a Finsler space with L=$\alpha$\ulcorner$\beta$\ulcorner or L=$\alpha$+$\beta$\ulcorner/$\alpha$ to be projectively flat on the basis of Matsumoto`s results.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 1997

The Fano metric is the maximum likelihood decoding choice for convlutional code for binary symmetric channel. The Fano metric assumes that it has previous knowledge of channel error probability. However, the bit errors in real channel occur in bursts and the channel error probability can not be known exactly. Thus, the Fano metric is not the maximum likelihood choice for bursty-noise channel. In this paper universal metri which dose not require the previous knowlege of the channel transition probability is used for sequential decoding. It is shown that the complexity of the universal is much less than that of the Fano metric bursty-noise channel, since it is estimated on a branch by branch basis.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2016

During the last two decades, impact factor has been widely used as a journal evaluation metric that differentiates the influence of a specific journal compared with other journals. However, impact factor does not provide a reliable metric between journals in different subject categories. For example, higher impact factors are given to biology and general sciences than those assigned to other traditional engineering and social sciences. This study initially analyzes the trend of the time series of the impact factors of the journals listed in Journal Citation Reports during the last decade. This study then proposes new journal evaluation metrics that adjust the impact factors across different subject categories. The proposed metrics possibly provides a consistent measure to mitigate the differences in impact factors among subject categories. On the basis of experimental results, we recommend the most reliable and appropriate metric to evaluate journals that are less dependent on the characteristics of subject categories.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.503-521
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• 2001

A change of Finsler metric L(x,y)longrightarrowL(x,y) is called a Randers change of L, if L(x,y) = L(x,y) +$\rho$(x,y), where $\rho$(x,y) = $\rho$(sub)i(x)y(sup)i is a 1-form on a smooth manifold M(sup)n. Let us consider the special Randers change of Finsler metric LlongrightarrowL = L + $\beta$ by $\beta$. On the basis of this special Randers change, the purpose of the present paper is devoted to studying the conditions for Finsler space F(sup)n which are transformed by a special Randers change of Finsler spaces F(sup)n with ($\alpha$,$\beta$)-metrics of Douglas type to be also of Douglas type, and vice versa.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.39 no.5_6
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• pp.689-701
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the number of source places required for the unique representation of the destination using the tools of graph theory. A subset S of vertices of a graph G is called a rational resolving set of G if for each pair u, v ∈ V - S, there is a vertex s ∈ S such that d(u/s) ≠ d(v/s), where d(x/s) denotes the mean of the distances from the vertex s to all those y ∈ N[x]. A rational resolving set is called minimal rational resolving set if no proper subset of it is a rational resolving set. In this paper we study varieties of minimal rational resolving sets defined on the basis of its complements and compute the minimum and maximum cardinality of such sets, respectively called as lower and upper rational metric dimensions for power of a path P_n analysing various possibilities.

• Journal of Software Engineering Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 2012

This article suggests applicability to community detection algorithm from module recovering process of software architecture through compare to software clustering metric and community dectection metric. in addition to, analyze mutual relation and difference between separated module and measurement value of typical clustering algorithms and community detection algorithms. and then only sugeested several kinds basis that community detection algorithm can use to recovering module view of software architecture and, by so comparing measurement value of existing clustering metric and community algorithms, this article suggested correlation of two result data.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-metric Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment (LEHA) model and apply model to dataset sampled from Daechung Reservoir in September 2005. The metrics were composed of 11 parameters such as physical, chemical and biological variables. The metric attributes of $M_1{\sim}M_8$ followed after the model of biological integrity using fish assemblages that previously adapted in lotic ecosystems, while the metrics of $M_9{\sim}M_{11}$ were added on the basis of literature. The metric of $M_9$ reflected habitat conditions in the littoral zone and the metric of $M_{10}$ reflected chemical conditions of the reservoir. For the application of regression analysis of long-transformed conductivity [$Log_{10}$(Cond)] against $COD_{Mn}$, based on 150 sampling sites at Korean reservoirs, showed that the variation of conductivity was explained 77.4% [$COD_{Mn}=4.42{\times}Log_{10}(Cond)-5.43;\;R^2=0.774$, p<0.01, n=150] by the variation of $COD_{Mn}$. The metric of $M_{11}$ was based on Tropic State Index (TSI), based on chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ concentrations (Chl-${\alpha}$). Analysis of TSI $(Chl-{\alpha})$ showed that above 50 was estimated "1", $40{\sim}50$ was estimated "3" and below 40% was estimated '5'. Overall, velues of LEHA in the reservoir averaged 30.5, indicating a "fair${\sim}$poor condition", which is judged by the criteria of U.S. EPA (1993). More studies such as metric numbers and attributes should be done for the application of the model.