• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2024

Objectives: The phytochemicals in the aerial parts of Euphorbia paralias (also known as Sea Spurge) and their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities were investigated. Methods: The methanolic extract was characterized using GC-MS and HPLC techniques. The anti-inflammatory feature was estimated through a Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization technique, while the antimicrobial feature was evaluated by the disc diffusion agar technique, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via micro-broth dilution method. Results: The GC/MS results demonstrated the existence of various phytochemicals, such as n-hexadecenoic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid, and methyl stearate, recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial features. The similarity of the phytochemical composition with other Euphorbia species emphasizes the genus-wide similarity. The anti-inflammatory activity exhibited a noteworthy inhibitory effect comparable to the reference drug indomethacin. The extract's antimicrobial potential was tested against a range of microorganisms, demonstrating significant action against Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. The quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids further supported the therapeutic potential of the extract. Conclusion: The methanolic extract from E. paralias emerges as a successful natural source of important active constituents with potential applications as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents. This research provides a first step to valorize Euphorbia paralias insights as a source of worthwhile phytochemicals that have potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.431-436
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• 2004

Associated with microbial decontamination and quarantine treatment of dried red pepper, the samples was gamma-irradiated (5, 10 kGy) and fumigated (methyl bromide/MeBr, phosphine/$PH_3$) to compare their Hunter's color (L, a, b, ${\Delta}E$) and sensory properties by types (whole, powder, pericarp, seed) during storage under room conditions($18{\pm}12^{\circ}C$). Whole pepper maintained higher lightness (L value) than other groups, while powdered pepper showed higher redness (a value) during storage. Immediately after treatments there was little difference in the overall color difference (${\Delta}E$) among the groups. After 8 months, a higher redness was observed in $PH_3$ group of whole pepper and 5 kGy group of powdered pepper, respectively(p<0.05). Redness of irradiated pericarps was apparently reduced following 8 months of storage and a similar pattern was found in fumigated samples. The yellowness (b value) of pepper seed was lowest in 10 kGy sample (p<0.05), but insignificant difference was observed among treatment groups with storage time. Sensory properties of whole and powdered peppery were little changed by both treatments under commercial conditions. Sensory scores of irradiated or fumigated samples were higher than that of non-treated control with storage time, which was more significant in the powdered than in the whole samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.236-242
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• 2005

To develop a new detection method using irradiation-induced volatile marker compounds of red pepper powder (RP), the volatile compounds of irradiated RP (0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy) were analyzed by purge and trap (P&T)/solid phase microextraction (SPME)/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. A total of 51 and 31 compounds were detected in IRP by SPME and P&T methods, respectively. Among these, 25 compounds, which were composed of 4 hydrocarbons, 7 aldehydes, 1 ketone, 3 alcohols, 4 aromatic compounds, 2 esters and 4 miscellaneous compounds, showed irradiation dependent manner with significant positive correlation (p<0.01 or p<0.05) between irradiation dose and relative concentration. However, all compounds except 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene were not suitable as marker compounds because of their low determination coefficients ($R^2$<0.80) between irradiation dose and their concentrations, and detectablilty in nonirradiated sample. Therefore, only one compound, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzene, was tentatively identified as a volatile marker compound to detect irradiated RP.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.328-334
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• 2022

For the study of environmental application of natural zeolites (NZ) and red mud (RM), which are discharged from various industrial fields, the catalytic ozonation of 2-butaone (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) was performed using the Mn-loaded NZ prepared according to the Mn content of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt%. By the addition of Mn to NZ, the BET (Brunaure-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area of Mn/NZ catalysts decreased while the ratio of Mn³⁺/[Mn³⁺+Mn⁴⁺] intensively increased. Besides, the addition of Mn component to NZ increased the ratio of adsorbed oxygen (O_adsorbed) toward lattice oxygen (O_lattice), O_adsorbed/O_lattice from 0.076 of NZ to 0.465 of 10 wt% Mn/NZ according to the amount of Mn. It is known that the proportion of two species, Mn³⁺ and O_adsorbed, would greatly affect the catalytic activity. However, the balancing between the paired species, Mn³⁺ vs. Mn⁴⁺ and O_adsorbed vs. O_lattice might be more essential for the catalytic ozonation of MEK at room temperature. Among the Mn-loaded NZ catalysts, the 3 wt% Mn/NZ showed the best activity for the removal of MEK and ozone. The 5, 7, and 10 wt% Mn/NZ catalysts are slightly inferior to the 3 wt% Mn/NZ. Compared to the pristine NZ, the Mn/NZ catalysts showed better activity for the catalytic ozonation of MEK. In addition, the 3 wt% Mn/NZ was confirmed to have the most available acid sites among them by the analysis of NH₃-TPD (temperature programmed desorption). This might be the major reason for the best catalytic activity of 3 wt% Mn/NZ together with the adjusted distribution ratios of Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ and O_adsorbed/O_lattice. Considering the result of 3 wt% Mn/NZ, the 3 wt% Mn/RM was prepared to perform the catalytic activity for the removal of MEK and ozone, but the efficiency of 3 wt% Mn/RM was significantly lower than that of the 3 wt% Mn/NZ.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.244-252
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• 2005

This study was performed far development of new analytical method of beet red in foods. In this study, analysis of beet red in foods has been carried out by detection of betanine and isobetanine, the main color component of beet red as indicator compounds. The qualitative analysis technique consisted of clean-up of the colors with a $C_{18}$ cartridge, separation of the colors by cellulose TLC plate using acetone:3-methyl-1-butanol:distilled water (7:7:6) as a solvent system. Also, the quantitative analysis was performed using X-terra RP at wavelength 538 nm and $0.1\%$ phosphoric acid : methanol (90:10) as a solvent. The quantitative results of beet .ed were as follows:900.22$\∼$27701.60 $\mu$g/g for 60 item in nutrient supplement food, $21.95\∼713.40{\mu}g/g$ for 30 items and N.D. for 18 items in cindy, and $155.85{\∼}505.37{\mu}g/g$ for 12 items in ice creams, $43.52\∼64.75{\mu}g/g$ for 18 items and N.D. for 54 item in sauce, N.D. for 12 items in retort food.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins isolated from Elsholtzia ciliata and the biological activities of them. Yields of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins were 0.34%, 11.33% and 15.24%, respectively. The major component was naginate ketone in essential oils, methyl linolenate in absolutes and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresins. Eseential oils and oleoresins showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidatve lipid peroxidation systems. $EC_{50}$ values in neutral red uptake assays 24 h of exposure times were $23.3\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $341.0\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $17.2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins, respectively, and essential oils and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Absolutes and oleoresins did not show antibiotic and mutagenic activities. On the contrary, essential oils with over $500\;{\mu}g/plate$ showed antibiotic and mutagenic activities in Ames test. Essential oils and oleoresins have a prolongating effect the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Actual pesticide usage in fruit vegetable cultivation was surveyed. Usage trend of in of vidual pesticides was evaluated to provide the data for the development of indicators of environmental impact and the production of safe agricultural products. The amount of the pesticides used for fruit vegetables was revealed in order of fungicide> insecticide> herbicide, showing that the portion of fungicide to the total amount used was about 70 to 80%. Main fungicides used on fruit vegetables were mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl propineb, etc while the insecticides were imidacloprid, milbemectin, methomyl, etc. Main formulation types of pesticide were wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate. By different fruit vegetables and cultivation patterns, pesticide use per unit area was revealed red pepper (field cultivation, 13.2kg/ha), cucumber (field cultivation, 12.4kg/ha), sweet melon (field cultivation, 11.2kg/ha) as high pesticide use crops, meanwhile, water melon (greenhouse cultivation, 1.2kg/ha), sweet melon (greenhouse cultivation, 2.2kg/ha), strawberry (field cultivation, 2.8kg/ha) as low pesticide use crops.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2007

We studied anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activities of bio-active components in stem of Juniperus chinensis L. and leaf of Abies koreana Wilson. Those plants of needle leaf tree family were reported to contain anti-cancer compounds. The anti-bacterial activity was tested by Broth dilution method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. As results, Juniperus chinensis L. and Abies koreana Wilson extracts showed 17.0% and 8.5% higher anti-bacterial activity than methyl paraben, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of Juniperus chinensis L. and Abies koreana Wilson extracts showed 45 % and 44 % at 5,000 ppm. We measured polyphenol (catechin equivalent) and flavonoids quantity. The Juniperus chinensis L. extract contained 312 mg/g of polyphenol and 105 mg/g of flavonoids. The Abies koreana Wilson extract contained 280 mg/g of polyphenol and 103.8 mg/g of flavonoids. The cytotoxicity of extracts was measured by neutral red assay. Extracts did not affect the viability of CCK-986sk cells up to a concentration of 1,250 ppm. In conclusion, these data suggest that extracts of needle leaf trees would be usefull as antiseptic agents and anti-oxidants for cosmetic products.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Most of the researches on the dye removal using ozonation have been focused on the removal efficiency. However, the research on their removal characteristics and mechanism according to the reaction time has been still insufficient. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the effects of initial pH and dye concentration with reaction time on the degradation characteristics of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) by ozonation were evaluated. The degradation efficiency of MB by ozonation increased with increasing pH. On the other hand, the degradation efficiency of MO by ozonation did not show a significant difference with varing pH. The both MO and MB by ozonation were decomposed within 30 min irrespective of the dye concentration, but the decomposition rates of dyes were faster at lower initial dye concentration. The decomposition efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) in each dye solution by ozonation was low, which was found to be effective for partial decomposition such as decolorization rather than complete degradation of the dye. CONCLUSION: Overall, ozonation was an effective method for removing nondegradable dyes. However, it is necessary to study the optimization of dye degradation under various environmental conditions for ozonation.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.23
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• pp.71-90
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• 2020

The scientific analysis of a 'F-51D Mustang Fighter'(Registered Cultural Heritage 666), one of the War Memorial of Korean collections, was carried out. The paint layer and canopy were discolored due to a constant outdoor exhibit. The results obtained through the scientific survey and analysis processes were intended to be used as basic data for the future dismantling and restoration of the fighter. The analysis results for the pigment components have confirmed red oxide of iron, Fe₂O₃ organic pigments, such as Cobalt Blue, phthalocyanine blue, etc., yellow PbCrO₄, white TiO₂, black Fe₃O₄, and gray Fe₃O₄ + TiO₂. It has been also confirmed that Alkyd resin was mainly used for painting. The fighter's canopy was Poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA), and Al was detected as the main component of the fighter body, wings, and tails.