• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2010

To estimate the regulatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts on melanin biosynthesis, we evaluated the regulatory effects of the tyrosinase gene on B16 melanoma cells. The results revealed that methanolic extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis resulted in a high increase in the expression of the tyrosinase gene. Specifically, treatment with extracts at concentrations of $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ resulted in increases in tyrosinase gene expression rates of approximately 231% and 256%, respectively, when compared to the control. Moreover, the solvent fraction layers(methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, water) improved the expression of the tyrosinase gene, but to a lesser degree than the methanolic extracts. An MTT assay revealed, that the methanolic extract exhibited very low cytotoxicities at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that the methanolic extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis was a very effective positive regulator of tyrosinase gene expression.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.124-128
• /
• 2017

The fruiting bodies of Sanghwang mushrooms, Phellinus linteus HN1009K (PLH) and Phellinus linteus (Korea Sanghwang, PLK), and Phellinus baumii (Jangsu Sangwhang, PB), were extracted with 70% methanol. The methanolic extracts of different concentrations ($5-200{\mu}g/ml$) showed inhibitory effects of 20-95% on plated aggregation induced by collagen (2.5 ug/ml), ADP (10 uM), and thrombin (0.1 U/ml). The PLH, PLK, and PB extracts (200 ug/ml) reduced ATP release from ADP-activated platelets by 50-60%. These results suggest that the methanolic extracts from Sanghwang mushrooms inhibit platelet aggregation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.7
• /
• pp.815-819
• /
• 2008

The colored rice, particularly black rice, has been well characterized to possess antioxidant properties. Rice bran, a by-product of the rice milling process, contains high levels of several phytochemicals which have antioxidant activities as well as health-beneficial properties. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts from milling fractions and whole grain of two black rice cultivars. Whole black rice of the two cultivars were milled into rice bran and endosperm using the gradual milling system. These were evaluated for antioxidative activities by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. To determine the antioxidant compounds in the methanolic extract from the milling fractions, the content of polyphenolics, flavonoids, anthocycanins and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were measured by spectrophotometric methods and vitamin E analysis was carried out by HPLC. The yield of whole black rice, rice bran, and endosperm were 3.1, 15.3, and 0.9% for Heugjinjubyeo and 2.7, 15.5, and 1.1% for Heugkwangbyeo, respectively. The methanolic extracts from rice bran showed generally higher antioxidant activities than the extracts from whole grain and endosperm. In addition, antioxidant compounds distributed much higher contents in rice bran extract than in the extracts from whole grain and endosperm. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compounds. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant activity in black rice bran are considered to have significant health benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.12
• /
• pp.1725-1731
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of steam-drying on antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of Alliun hookeri root (AHR). The yield of methanolic extracts, total phenolic content (TPC), browning intensity (280 nm and 420 nm), and organosulfur compound contents (alliin and cycloalliin) in raw and steam-dried AHRs were 10.71~37.40%, $15.53{\sim}36.36{\mu}g/mg$, 0.48~2.09, 0.01~0.25, $1.46{\sim}700.61{\mu}g/mg$, and $1,173.95{\sim}2,182.60{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. Yield, TPC, and browning intensity of AHRs increased by steam-drying, whereas organosulfur compound contents decreased. Of all methanolic extracts from raw and steam-dried AHRs, four-time steam-drying showed the lowest $EC_{50}$ values (0.43, 7.53, 0.34, and 0.48 mg/mL, respectively) for DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, and reducing power, whereas four-time steam-drying resulted in the highest TPC ($36.36{\mu}g/mg$) and browning intensity (2.09 and 0.25 at 280 and 420 nm, respectively). The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts from raw and steam-dried AHRs were closely correlated with their TPC, browning intensity, and organosulfur compound content, showing correlation determination coefficient ($R^2$) values higher than 0.82. As a result, four-time steam-drying of AHRs could be useful as potential antioxidant sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.11
• /
• pp.1695-1699
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant compounds and their activities of the methanolic extracts from milling fractions of sorghum. To determine the antioxidant compounds in the methanolic extract from the milling fractions, the content of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannin, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin were measured by spectrophotometric methods. These were evaluated for antioxidative activities by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The extraction yield of hull, bran and grain of sorghum were 9.95, 19.05 and 2.94%, respectively. The methanolic extracts from sorghum bran showed generally higher antioxidant activities than the extracts from hull and grain of sorghum. In addition, antioxidant compounds distributed much higher contents in sorghum bran extract than in the extracts from hull and grain of sorghum. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compounds. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant activity in sorghum bran is considered to have significant health benefits.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.50-54
• /
• 1995

Staphylococcus aureus SA2, which was isolated from patient, is resistant to 10 usual antibiotics. The methanolic extracts of 21 well-known herb materials were combined with 10 antibiotics and applied to cheek inhibitory effects on the resistance of S. aureus SA2. The hexane fractions from methanolic extracts of Acori graminei Rhizoma and Anethi Fructus had most potent activity to inhibit the resistance of the bacteria when combined with ampicilin or chloramphenicol.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.186-191
• /
• 2013

Screenings of potential antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE Major. fruits extracted 80% methanol were performed using four antioxidant assays. Significant differences were observed both in total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in the extract were measured to be $224.4{\pm}0.52$ mg GAE/100 g and $12{\pm}0.25$ mg QE/100 g, respectively. When the tested concentration was $500{\mu}g/mL$, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of methanolic extracts were 84.15% and 88.8%, respectively. The reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging activity were increased at the manner of dose-dependently. These results suggest that methanolic extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. fruits possess excellent radical scavenging activities and may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.240-244
• /
• 2007

In this study, we found that the methanolic extract of Areca catechu repressed expression of the tyrosinase gene in B16 mouse melanoma cells containing a tyrosinase promoter. Extract concentrations of 100 ${\mu}$g/ml and 500 ${\mu}$g/ml exhibited tyrosinase gene expression rates of aproximately 62% and 48%, respectively, compared to the control. The fraction layers consisting of ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, and water showed repressive effects on the tyrosinase gene. In particular, the butyl alcohol fraction highly repressed at 100 ${\mu}$g/ml and 500 ${\mu}$g/ml. In the MTT assay, the methanolic extracts exhibited very low cytotoxicities at 1 ${\mu}$g/ml, 10 ${\mu}$g/ml, and 100 ${\mu}$g/ml.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 1995

The antimutagenic effects of 46 kinds of medicinal plants that have been used as traditional folk antitumor agents in Korea were studied by using Ames mutagenicity test. Most of the methanolic extracts from the plants which were used in this experiment showed strong antimutagenic activity toward aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in Salmonella typhimrium TA100 and TA98. However, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) induced mutagenicity was not blocked by adding the methanolic extracts of the plants except persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki Thunberg)and Elaeagnus umbellata.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 2019

Objectives: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide health problem that caused by intracellular apicomplexan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Considering that the available drugs for toxoplasmosis have serious host toxicity, the aim of the current study was to survey the in vitro and in vivo anti-Toxoplasma activity of Zea mays (Z. mays) and Eryngium caucasicum (E. caucasicum) extracts. Methods: Four concentrations (5, 10, 25, and $50mg\;mL^{-1}$) of Z. mays and E. caucasicum methanolic extracts for 30, 60, 120, and 180 min were incubated with infected macrophages and then the viability of RH strain of T. gondii tachyzoites was evaluated by trypan blue staining method. Also, we evaluated the survival rate of acutely infected mice with the extracts (100 and $200mg\;kg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) intraperitoneally for 5 days after infection with $2{\times}104$ tachyzoites of T. gondii. Results: The anti-Toxoplasma effect of the methanolic extracts were extremely significant compared to the negative control group in all exposure times (P < 0.05). The Z. mays (10, 25 and $50mg\;mL^{-1}$) killed 100% of the parasites after 180 and 120 min exposure, respectively. Also, high toxoplasmacidal activity was observed with E. caucasicum extract. Furthermore, treatment of experimentally infected mice with the Z. mays (100, $200mg\;kg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) and E. caucasicum ($100mg\;kg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) significantly increased their survival rate compared to untreated infected control (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These extracts are promising candidates for further medicine development on toxoplasmosis. However, further investigations are necessary to clarify effective fractions of the Z. mays and E. caucasicum extracts and the mechanisms of action.