• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.6 s.89
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• pp.427-432
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a cosolvent-modified supercritical $CO_2\;(scCO_2)$ extraction technique for the production of licorice extracts with high levels of glabridin. The effects of various parameters such as the type and amount of modifiers, extraction temperature ($40{\sim}80^{\circ}C$) and pressure ($10{\sim}50.0\;MPa$) on the extraction efficiency were examined at a fixed flow rate of 1 mL/min. The organic solvent extraction with pure methanol was also conducted for a quantitative comparison with the $scCO_2$ extraction. The recovery of glabridin from licorice was found to be extremely small for pure $scCO_2$. However, the addition of modifiers such as ethanol and acetone to $scCO_2$ resulted in a significant improvement in the recovery of glabridin. The recovery of glabridin was observed to increase with pressure at a constant temperature. Furthermore, the purity of the glabridin obtained from the $scCO_2$ extraction was higher compared with the organic solvent extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1992

The antimutagenic effects of green-yellow vegetables toward aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-ox-ide (4-NQO) using the Ames assay system with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were studied. Forty six to fifty percent of the methanol extracts of the vegetable samples inhibited the mutagenicity induced by AFB$_1$in TA98 and TA100. Perilla leaf, lettuce, broccoli, crown daisy, water dropwort, small water dropwort, red pepper, red pepper leaves, amaranth, spinach and radish root were significantly reduced the mutagenicity of AFB$_1$(p< 0.01). Whereas 25 out of 27 samples (93%) exhibited antimutagenicity toward a direct mutagen of 4-NQO (p< 0.01. 0.05). The samples which showed the strong antimutagenicity (>60%) were cabbage, kale, lettuce, broccoli, mustard leaf, green red pepper, green sweet pepper, spinach, amaranth, soybean sprout and immature pumpkin. The juices from the several samples also showed antimu-tagenic activity toward AFB$_1$. Cabbage, perilla leaf, small water dropwort and spinach reduced TAT100 revertants dose dependently in the range of 50-500$m\ell$/plate, however, cucumber and carrot showed little effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2009

The antioxidant properties and protective effects of Inula britannica on ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell damage were investigated. A series of solvent fractions, including hexane(Fr.H), petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate(Fr.EA), and water fraction(Fr.W), were prepared from the 70% methanol extracts of Inula britannica. Fr.W had the highest total contents of phenolics and flavonoids, followed by Fr.EA. The antioxidant properties of the fractions were also evaluated by analyzing their scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radicals, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and nitric oxide. Fr.W showed the strongest activities in all assays. The concentrations of Fr.W that resulted in 50% reductions of the DPPH and ABTS radicals were 20.7 ${\mu}g$/mL and 39.4 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. Fr.W showed the weakest cytotoxic activities on the SH-SY5Y cells, whereas it effectively protected ${H_2}{O_2}$-induced cell death, increasing cell survival by 35.0-77.0% at a concentration range of 62.5-250 ${\mu}g$/mL. In this range, Fr.W also significantly decreased intracellular ROS levels by 34-39%. Overall, the antioxidant properties of Inula britannica can contribute to rescuring neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced cell injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.825-828
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• 2003

This study was performed to determine the antimicrobial activity of waste food fractions, the Solanum tuberosum Peel (SP) and Allium cepa L. Peel (AP) on several microorganisms. The methanol extracts (SPM, APM) of SP and AP were fractionated to five different types, which were hexane, ethylether, ethylacetate, butanol and water Among the various fractions, ethylether and butanol fractions of AP (APMEE, APMB) showed stronger antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus than the other fractions. The ethylether fraction of SP (SPMEE) also showed the higher antimicrobial activity against Escherchia coli than the other 4 fractions . These results suggest that the waste food fractions, SP and AP may be developed into bioactive antimicrobial health products.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2018

Roasting process of grains modifies their physicochemical characteristics that affect flavor, color, taste, and textures, as well as composition of bioactive compounds. We roasted oats at different temperatures (150, 200, and $250^{\circ}C$) and for different time periods (15 and 30 min). The polyphenol and flavonoid contents in different solvent extracts (methanol, fermented ethanol, and water) were also investigated. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in the methanolic extract (135 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 29 mg catechin equivalent/g, respectively, at $250^{\circ}C/30min$ roasting) and increased with roasting time and temperature. In addition, the avenanthramides were most abundant as accessed ($266{\mu}g/g$) in the methanolic extract upon roasting at $200^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The radical scavenging activities, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid scavenging, increased with roasting temperature and time. The roasting process may modify the physicochemical structure of oats, thereby, improving polyphenol extraction and antioxidant activity. The results of this study could be used for the manufacture of foods using roasted oats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.943-948
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• 2001

Green mustard leves were found to effectively prevent lipid peroxidation of bovine-brain tissue by ascor-bate/Fe system, The 50% methanol extracts mustard leaves were separated into four solvent faction using n-hexane,. EtOAc, n-BiOH and water. Then n-BiOH fraction exclusively exhibited the antioxidative activities at concentration above 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL/ The n-BuOH fraction was further isolated to a single compound using TLC analysis and silica gel chromatography. The active antiodidative compounds were identified as sinapic acid methyl ester and ferulic acid methyl ester by $^{1}$H-NMR and $^{13}$ C-NMR, The sinapic acid methyl ester and ferulic acid methyl ester were prepared by methylating of sinapic acid and ferulic acid with diazomethane. The results strongly suggested that sinapic acid and ferulic acid could be emplyed as a potential antioxiative agents for preventing the bovine brain lipid peroxidation. lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.769-777
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• 2004

A Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitor from Rubus coreanus Miquel has been isolated and partially characterized for aiming to Prevent H. pylori growth and decrease harmful accumulation of ammonia in human gastric mucosa. We screened urease inhibitory activities in 519 extracts library prepared by solvent extraction from 173 kinds of edible plants, medicinal herbs, herbs and seaweeds using a colorimetric urease assay system. As results of primary and secondary screening, 70% acetone extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel was selected as potent candidate, showing about 24% inhibitory activity. The acetone extract was sequentially partitioned into RCE/RCWI and RCB/RCW2 layers with ethyl acetate and butanol. The major active component in RCW2, water layer from butanol fractionation was revealed to be peptidic or proteinous substance by inhibitory activity determination after pronase digestion and periodate oxidation. RCW2-IIIc a was isolated by sequential column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, Butrl-Toyopearl 650M and Sephadex LH-20. The isolated urease inhibitor RCW2-IIIc $\alpha$, was highly pure proteinous substance with molecular weight of 13kDa by high-performance gel permeation liquid chromatography. RCW2-IIIc$\alpha$ has about 5 times higher inhibitory activity than 70％ acetone extract, showing high stability against heat treatment and peptic digestion.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.583-593
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• 2013

The based-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) of kraft lignin isolated from black liquor which the chemical pulping of a mixture of various Southeast Asia hardwood chips was carried out in a batch reactor in the presence of different NaOH concentrations with supercritical methanol. The S:G ratio of the kraft lignin determined by pyrolysis-GC/MS analysis turned out roughly 1.4:1 and main products were vanillic acid, syringol and 3-methoxy catechol. The diethyl ether extracts as phenolic monomers from BCD reaction were produced similar yield among different NaOH concentrations. The 21 compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis in all experiments and major products were catechol, 3-methoxycatechol, 4-methylcatechol, syringol and isovanillic acid. However, it had been shown to be different monomer contents depending on the dosage of NaOH. Catechol, 4-methylcatechol and 3-methoxycatechol were shown to be the dominant monomer from BCD reaction using 7.5 and 3.25% of NaOH concentration whereas syringol, isovanillic acid, 3-methoxycatechol and 4-methylcatechol were determined to be the most typical products under the condition of 1.63% NaOH.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions of Alnus firma. Alnus firma had the highest total phenolic content ($452.80{\pm}7.01{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalents/mg) in a methanol (MeOH) fraction and the highest total flavonoid content ($112.29{\pm}11.14{\mu}g$ rutin equivalents/mg) and antioxidant capacity ($936.23{\pm}0.07{\mu}g$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol equivalents/mg) in an ethylacetate (EA) fraction. The antioxidant activities of various solvent extract fractions of Alnus firma were evaluated using various antioxidant assays, including ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleate assay, reducing power assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, metal chelating activity assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay using the ferric thiocyanate method. These activities were compared with those of ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), gallic acid (GA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. First, at a $250{\mu}g/ml$ concentration, the EA and MeOH fractions of A. firma showed 92.43% and 89.20% DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively. Second, $50{\mu}g/ml$ of the EA fraction exhibited 72.49% superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, a little greater than the same dose of GA (60.88%). Finally, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml of the EA fraction showed 73.45% and 73.29% inhibition of peroxidation in the ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleic acid system, respectively. The decreasing order of reducing power was EA fraction > n-butanol (BuOH) fraction > dichloromethane (DCM) fraction > n-hexane (HX) fraction. The results obtained in the present study indicated that Alnus firma can be used as an easily accessible potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2021

In this study, isoscoparin was selected as an indicator component to develop Silene seoulensis extract as a functional cosmetic material, and we developed an analysis method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quality control. HPLC was performed on a Unison US-C18 with a gradient elution of 0.05% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 35 ℃, and the detection wavelength was 330 nm. The HPLC method was performed in accordance with the international conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline (version 4, 2005) of analytical procedures with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, and linearity. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.02 and 0.07 mg/mL respectively. Calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99988), and the precision of analysis was satisfied (less than 0.46%). In addition, the recovery rate was in the range of 99.10 to 101.61%, it was shown to be accurate. This result indicated that the established HPLC method is very useful for the determination of marker compounds in Silene seoulensis extracts.