• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-103
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• 2022

COVID-19 is forcing people to minimize face-to-face networking activities between members of society, and they are increasing their use of online platforms. In particular, interest in the metaverse, a virtual community with enhanced realism, is growing. Specifically, this study suggests a mechanism to improve the intention to continuous use of metaverse users by using the self-determination theory, and confirms that trust between metaverse members moderates the relationship between self-determination and intrinsic motivation. We obtained 353 samples through a questionnaire targeting those who have used metaverse and verified the hypothesis through structural equation modeling. As a result of the analysis, individual self-determination of the metaverse formed intrinsic motivation such as identification and enjoyment, which affected the intention to continue use, and the trust of metaverse members partially moderated the relationship between self-determination and motivation. The result contributes to the sustainability of the metaverse platform by suggesting an approach to users and the environment to improve the intention of continuous use of metaverse.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate how travelers' destination visit intentions are influenced by avatar self-congruence in the metaverse platform. We extended the impression management theory by considering both perceived enjoyment and social engagement, and illustrated the interaction effect based on users' digital age. To achieve this, we conducted an online survey with 302 users. The survey results revealed that avatar self-congruence significantly influenced users in terms of perceived enjoyment and social engagement, thereby affecting their destination visit intentions. This study also revealed a significant interaction effect between digital age type and avatar self-congruence on users' perceived enjoyment. The results of this study are expected to provide not only a theoretical reference for metaverse research and travel research but also managerial implications for destination management and metaverse applications.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.179-193
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• 2022

Amid the explosive growth of various metaverse platforms, there is no unified indicator to measure, analyze, and evaluate based on customer experience. Therefore, the usability evaluation factors in metaverse were identified through a heuristic methodology and literature review, to evaluate the metaverse, a two-to three-dimensional virtual world platform. A measurable system was established by subdividing 20 items in 5 fields, including user control, information structure, design and content, and usage environment, derived through Delphi technique. Based on this, after experiencing the actual contents of major metaverse platforms such as Roblox and Zepeto, usability was evaluated and comparative verification was conducted. As a result, it was estimated that metaverse user experience could be improved as its utility was derived relatively high in terms of user control and content. This study constitutes a theoretical contribution by extending the usability evaluation system, which has been widely used in the field of service design, to the fields of extended reality and mixed reality. At the same time, it has practical key findings of providing basic judgment standards to stakeholders in the metaverse field, as well as policy implications for digital capability enhancement and industry revitalization.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2022

The educational environment, where the change to blended learning and AI convergence education through non-face-to-face is accelerating, is based on the cultivation of digital literacy. This study attempted to verify the effectiveness of future competencies by creating a collaborative SW education program on the metaverse platform that emerged by supplementing the problems through non-face-to-face. Twenty programs on how to design and create software were organized for small-scale elementary classes in the metaverse. In order to verify the effectiveness 4C competency tool presented as future educational competency was selected, and homogeneity test for the experimental group and t-test were conducted. The results showed the SW education programs based on metaverse was effective in improving collaborative communication skills, confirming the possibility of SW education through blended learning.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.131-159
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• 2023

Recently, amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic shifting towards an endemic phase, there has been a rise in discussions and debates about the future of the metaverse. Simultaneously, major metaverse platforms like Roblox have been launching services integrated with generative AI, and Apple's mixed reality hardware, Vision Pro, has been announced, creating new expectations for the metaverse. In this situation where the outlook for the metaverse is divided, it is crucial to diagnose the metaverse from an ecosystem perspective, examine its key ecological features, driving forces for development, and future possibilities for advancement. This study utilized Wang's (2021) Information Ecology Theory (IET) framework, which is representative of ecosystem research in the field of Information Systems (IS), to derive the Metaverse Industrial Ecosystem (MIE). The analysis revealed that the MIE consists of four main domains: Tech Landscape, Category Ecosystem, Metaverse Platform, and Product/Service Ecosystem. It was found that the MIE exhibits characteristics such as digital connectivity, the integration of real and virtual worlds, value creation capabilities, and value sharing (Web 3.0). Furthermore, the interactions among the domains within the MIE and the four characteristics of the ecosystem were identified as driving forces for the development of the MIE at an ecosystem level. Additionally, the development of the MIE at an ecosystem level was categorized into three distinct stages: Narrow Ecosystem, Expanded Ecosystem, and Everywhere Ecosystem. It is anticipated that future advancements in related technologies and industries, such as robotics, AI, and 6G, will promote the transition from the current Expanded Ecosystem level of the MIE to an Everywhere Ecosystem level, where the connection between the real and virtual worlds is pervasive. This study provides several implications. Firstly, it offers a foundational theory and analytical framework for ecosystem research, addressing a gap in previous metaverse studies. It also presents various research topics within the metaverse domain. Additionally, it establishes an academic foundation that integrates concept definition research and impact studies, which are key areas in metaverse research. Lastly, referring to the developmental stages and conditions proposed in this study, businesses and governments can explore future metaverse markets and related technologies. They can also consider diverse metaverse business strategies. These implications are expected to guide the exploration of the emerging metaverse market and facilitate the evaluation of various metaverse business strategies.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2023

This study aims to determine the factors that affect learning satisfaction and continuous use intention in metaverse-based non-face-to-face classes. Therefore, a hypothesis was established based on the technology acceptance model and information system success model, and a survey was conducted from November 22, 2021 to January 03, 2022 for students who had class experience using Gather.town-a metaverse platform. PLS Structural Equation was conducted on 122 copies, excluding the questionnaires with insincere responses. The results reveal that "all platform quality" factors influenced "easiness," "content quality" influenced "usefulness," "easiness" influenced "usefulness," "easiness" and "usefulness" influenced "learning satisfaction," "usefulness" and "learning satisfaction" had a positive effect on "continuous use intention." This study is significant because it empirically analyzes the variables that affect learning satisfaction and continuous use intention in metaverse-based non-face-to-face classes. In follow-up studies, additional research is required on the variables that affect learning satisfaction and continuous use intention targeting various metaverse-based platforms, including Gather.town.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.273-294
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to use K-MOOC, which has limitations in utilization because it is centered on theory delivery, to derive tasks to activate the teaching methods of instructors, and to implement the derived tasks using the metaverse platform. to develop a prototype. According to the purpose of the study, the study was conducted as follows. First, from October 4 to November 15, 2022, a Delphi survey was conducted on 21 experts with experience of consulting, research, class development, and operation related to the K-MOOC project. Second, in order to realize the tasks in the teaching method field derived from the Delphi survey, matching with the teaching method class model elements to result of Delphi survey was applied was carried out. Finally, based on the results of expert Delphi and the elements of the class model applicable to the metaverse platform, a teaching method was developed. Through the process of the study, a total of 16 detailed items were derived for the teaching method-related tasks for the activation of K-MOOC: support strategic tasks, teaching method competency, aspect of class design, evaluation and sharing of learning outcomes. By applying the metaverse, the teaching model elements for K-MOOC revitalization were derived from four categories: self-directed repetition, individualized problem solving, practice opportunity expansion, and immediate feedback, and matched with the first 16 detailed items. A four-step teaching model was completed: course attendance (step 1), mission analysis by individual level (step 2), sharing of mission solutions (step 3), and mission evaluation and feedback (step 4). Through the results of this study, the possibility of using the metaverse as a teaching practice platform was confirmed even in terms of the introduction and development of specialized techniques.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.427-429
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• 2022

Recently, metaverse technology is being used in various service industries such as games, entertainment, manufacturing, distribution, advertising, and education. Studies on the correlation between the continuous use of devices used in metaverse content are still insufficient. In order to be more immersed in the metaverse, it is necessary to develop a natural movement and an easy-to-use input device. Based on flow, this study was conducted on the topic of continuous use of metaverse contents and devices. The constituent factors of Flow, an independent variable, were set as sense of reality, immersion, and interaction. We intend to use the data of 500 male and female metaverse users for research through a survey institution. Among the flow factors that increase the continuous use of metaverse contents and devices, the factors that have the greatest influence were studied. Through the results of this study, it is intended to help establish the direction of the next-generation metaverse content and device industry.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2023

The growth of the metaverse has been accelerated by the increased demand for non-face-to-face interactions due to COVID-19 and advancements in technologies such as blockchain and NFTs. However, with the emergence of various metaverse platforms and the corresponding rise in users, criminal cases such as ransomware attacks, copyright infringements, and sexual offenses have occurred within the metaverse. Consequently, the need for artifacts that can be utilized as digital evidence within metaverse systems has increased. However, there is a lack of information about artifacts that can be used as digital evidence. Furthermore, metaverse security evaluation and forensic analysis are also insufficient, and the absence of attack scenarios and related guidelines makes forensics challenging. To address these issues, this paper presents artifacts that can be used for user behavior analysis and timeline analysis through dynamic analysis of Roblox, a representative metaverse gaming solution. Based on analyzing interrelationship between identified artifacts through memory forensics and log file analysis, this paper suggests the potential usability of artifacts in metaverse crime scenarios. Moreover, it proposes improvements by analyzing the current legal and regulatory aspects to address institutional deficiencies.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.63-85
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• 2023

This study aims to identify the primary user group in the growing metaverse space based on the increased interest during the COVID-19 era. It also aims to explore the predictive factors for metaverse adoption. To predict online activities, the study examined user purposes, motivations, and relevant demographic factors as predictive variables through model analysis. The data from the Korean Media Panel Survey were used, and a two-stage analysis with the Heckman two-stage sample selection model was conducted to predict metaverse users. The analysis revealed that the key factors influencing metaverse adoption were offline activities, openness, OTT usage, and purchasing of paid content. Moreover, in the second stage model, openness, gender, and paid content purchases were identified as significant variables for increasing metaverse usage time. These results indicate that understanding metaverse users is essential in the context of the rising interest in online activities during the COVID-19 era and can provide valuable insights for metaverse platform-related companies and developers.