• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 통합적 완화 돌봄 중재연구가 말기 암환자의 삶의 질에 미치는 효과 크기를 분석하기 위한 메타분석 연구이다. 방법: 말기 환자와 통합적 완화 돌봄 중재 및 연구 설계를 나타내는 용어들을 병합하여 PubMed, Cochrane Library CENTRAL, LWW (Ovid), CINAHL 및 국내 데이터 베이스에서 검색하였다. 논문의 질평가는 RCT 연구인 경우 RoB 도구를 사용하였으며, Non-RCT 연구인 경우는 RoBANS를 사용하였다. 중재의 효과크기는 Stata 10 프로그램으로 메타분석 하였다. 결과: 8편의 연구가 최종선정 되었으며, 총 대상자의 수는 356명이었다. 통합적 완화 돌봄 중재는 평균 6.5주, 5.6 세션으로 이루어졌으며, 한 세션당 평균 47.8분이 소요되었다. 효과는 동질성 및 하위그룹 분석을 실시하였다. 통합적 완화 돌봄 중재의 효과는 삶의 질(ES=1.83, P=0.018, $l^2=92%$), 영적 안녕(ES=0.78, P=0.040, $l^2=0$), 우울(ES=0.86, P<0.001, $l^2=32$) 및 불안(ES=0.69, P=0.041, $l^2=71.1$)에서 효과가 있었다. 그러나 말기암환자의 통증(ES=0.365, P=0.230, $l^2=69.8$)에는 효과가 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 통합적 완화 돌봄 중재는 비록 통증은 완화시키지는 못했으나 우울과 불안을 감소시키고 영적 안녕과 삶의 질을 높이는 것으로 나타나, 통합적 완화 돌봄 중재는 말기암환자의 사회심리영적 차원의 삶의 질을 증진시킬 수 있다고 본다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1047-1055
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• 2014

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides in length that function as negative gene regulators. MiRNAs play roles in most biological processes, as well as diverse human diseases including cancer. Recently, many studies investigated the association between SNPs in miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-149 rs229283, miR-499 rs3746444 and colorectal cancer (CRC), which results have been inconclusive. Methodology/Principal Findings: PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI databases were searched with the last search updated on November 5, 2013. For miR-196a2 rs11614913, a significantly decreased risk of CRC development was observed under three genetic models (dominant model: OR = 0.848, 95%CI: 0.735-0.979, P = 0.025; recessive model: OR = 0.838, 95%CI: 0.721-0.974, P = 0.021; homozygous model: OR = 0.754, 95%CI: 0.627-0.907, P = 0.003). In the subgroup analyses, miR-$196a2^*T$ variant was associated with a significantly decreased susceptibility of CRC (allele model: OR = 0.839, 95%CI: 0.749-0.940, P = 0.000; dominant model: OR = 0.770, 95%CI: 0.653-0.980, P = 0.002; recessive model: OR = 0.802, 95%CI: 0.685-0.939, P = 0.006; homozygous model: OR = 0.695, 95%CI: 0.570-0.847, P = 0.000). As for miR-149 rs2292832, the two genetic models (recessive model: OR = 1.199, 95% CI 1.028-1.398, P = 0.021; heterozygous model: OR = 1.226, 95% CI 1.039-1.447, P = 0.013) demonstrated increased susceptibility to CRC. On subgroup analysis, significantly increased susceptibility of CRC was found in the genetic models (recessive model: OR = 1.180, 95% CI 1.008-1.382, P = 0.040; heterozygous model: OR = 1.202, 95% CI 1.013-1.425, P = 0.013) in the Asian group. Conclusions: These findings supported that the miR-196a2 rs11614913 and miR-149 rs2292832 polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility to CRC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2017

Objective: From a review of published information on genetic association studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the influence of the genes ${\kappa}-casein$ (CSN3) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (LGB) on milk yield traits in Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Fleckvieh. Methods: The GLIMMIX procedure was used to analyze milk production and percentage of protein and fat in milk. Models included the main effects and all their possible two-way interactions; not estimable effects and non-significant (p>0.05) two-way interactions were dropped from the models. The three traits analyzed used Poisson distribution and a log link function and were determined with the Interactive Data Analysis of SAS software. Least square means and multiple mean comparisons were obtained and performed for significant main effects and their interactions (p<0.0255). Results: Interaction of breed by gene showed that Holstein and Fleckvieh were the breeds on which CSN3 ($6.01%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.98%{\pm}0.22%$), and LGB ($6.02%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.70%{\pm}0.22%$) have the greatest influence. Interaction of breed by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that Holstein and Jersey showed greater influence of the CSN3 AA genotype, $6.04%{\pm}0.22%$ and $5.59%{\pm}0.31%$ than the other genotypes, while LGB AA genotype had the largest influence on the traits analyzed, $6.05%{\pm}0.20%$ and $5.60%{\pm}0.19%$, respectively. Furthermore, interaction of type of statistical model by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that CSN3 and LGB genes had similar behavior, maintaining a difference of more than 7% across analyzed genotypes. These results could indicate that both Holstein and Jersey have had lower substitution allele effect in selection programs that include CSN3 and LGB genes than Brown Swiss and Fleckvieh. Conclusion: Breed determined which genotypes had the greatest association with analyzed traits. The mixed model based in Bayesian or Ridge Regression was the best alternative to analyze CSN3 and LGB gene effects on milk yield and protein and fat percentages.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2000

This study is aimed at analyzing the trend of research on the use of exercise in nursing research, through suggesting directions for future research and implementation of the various exercise therapies. Research studies were taken from dissertations and theses selected from the Academic Society Journals of nursing science, Journals from universities, medical and nursing schools, research institutes in various universities, the Central Journal of Medicine, and the New Medical Journal. The research published between 1970 and 1997 in Korea were analyzed, 51 research were selected. The research are analyzed according to: published time, source of the research, research design, subjects, sample size, dependant variables, exercise therapy, and effect of exercise therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Research on exercise therapy increased rapidly in the 1990's. At this time, 88.2% of research was published. 2. Research areas included: 54.9% non- degree research, 27.5% Doctoral theses, and 17.6% Master's theses. 3. The experimental design included: 66.7% non- equivalent control group pre-test/ post-test design and 29.4% one group pre-test/post- test design. 4. Out of the Subjects: 52.9% were patients with various health problems, and 47.1% were healthy individuals. 5. Sample size included: 52.9% with above 31 subjects, 11.8% with 11~15 and 26~30. 6. Exercise therapy was analyzed by type, intensity, frequency, duration, and period. 1) The Types: Aerobic exercise at 60.8% was the most common, active exercise for muscle strengthening and building made up 21.6%. 2) Exercise with 40~65% intensity comprised 25.5%, 70~85% with 7.8%, and no description of the intensity was 66.7%. 3) Frequency of 3~5 per week was the most common at 78.4%. 4) Duration: 15~60 minutes was the most common length of time at 76.5%. 5) Periods: More than 5 weeks at 82.3% were the most common in their categories. 7. Dependant variables: Psychological response was measured as a dependant variable in 92.2%, Cardio-pulmonary function 88.2%, Body Composition was 86.3%, Physical Response was 60.8%, Lipid Metabolism was 58.8%, Physical Strength was 49.0%, Glucose Metabolism was 25.5%, Activities of Daily Living was 17.6% and others added to be 3.9%. 8. The effect of Exercise Therapy was categorized into 'positive', 'partially positive', and 'no effect' according to dependant variables: Having a positive effect - Glucose Metabolism (93.3%), Physical Response (85.0%), Activities of Daily Living (81.8%), Psychological Response (71.6%), Lipid Metabolism (67.6%), Cardio- pulmonary Function (63.6%), Physical Strength (68.1%), and Body Composition (56.4%). The following suggestions can be made on the above findings: 1. Research findings on Exercise Therapy as a Nursing Intervention need to be described by their elements of type, intensity, frequency, duration and period. 2. Toproperly study the positive effects of Exercise Therapy, there needs to be ⑴ appropriate research design, ⑵ selection criteria for the subjects ⑶ contents of exercise prescription to individuals or groups ⑷ measurement criterion for the dependent variables. 3. Meta-analysis on exercise therapy also needs to be done to analyze and integrate the various results.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1998

Defining prediction variables related to metamemory for the adults in aging process has worthwhile meaning from the perspective that the produced results can be helpful to reducing the difficulty of memorizing efforts and it can also enhance quality of life of aged. This study attempted to analysis relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and meta memory for the subjects of middle age and old age adults. This study was designed by adopting descriptive correlational analysis method for the 468 middle and old age adults who are living in Seoul. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection was done over 1 month period in june 1998. The instruments used in this study were health status measuring scale including depression measuring scale, memory self efficacy measuring scale and metamemory measuring scale which were verified for reliability. Data collected were analized by using SPSS for frequency, Peason correlation, t-test and ANOVA according to the variables character and the study purposes. Results of the study were as follows. 1. Relationship between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory. Relational analyses between perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy and metamemory supported the hypotheses of 1st, 2nd and 3rd(p < .01). These results suggested that the aged perceived great health status then their memory self-efficacy, and metamemory showed the high scores. In the case of depression when its level became decreased metamemory was inclined to increased. Thus, it is identified that strong relationship exists between these variables. 2. Perceived health status, depression, memory self-efficacy by subject's general characteristics. Scores of perceived health status were high in the group of man compared to the group of women, and also highly educated group showed great perceived health status. Group of persons having occupation showed high score of perceived health status and low depression score. The score of memory self-efficacy and metamemory showed higher in the middle aged than the old aged. The high scores of memory self-efficacy and metamemory were found in the group of highly educated people and who have continuing education. The high scores of memory self-efficacy were found in the group of persons having their job and high metamemory scores found in the group of persons having religion. In summary, the greater perceived health status and memory self-efficacy, the more metamemory scores were likely increased and the more depression level was decreased, the more metamemory was likely increased. Also it was found that general characteristics like educational level, continuing education and religion influenced the metamemory of the aged. Therefore, prevention the aged from getting depression and activation of health promotion are needed to delay time of memory loss.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1123-1129
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• 2015

자동차부품 세척장비는 엔진과 변속기 블록 등의 가공과정에서 잔류하는 기름때를 제거하며, 잦은 수류방향 전환과 고압수의 분사를 위해 한 쌍의 2 방향 밸브를 사용한다. 그러나 정교한 밸브제어장치 없이 2 방향 밸브를 사용하는 경우 급격한 수류방향 전환에 따른 맥동현상이 발생하여 사용에 어려움이 따른다. 대안으로 하나의 3 방향 절환밸브를 사용하는 방법은 정교한 제어장치 없이도 정확한 수류방향 절환이 원활히 이루어져 이러한 문제점을 해결할 수 있다. 그러나 복잡한 유로 및 바텀플러그 형상으로 인해 유속변화가 심하게 발생하여 공동현상이 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 3 방향 절환밸브 내의 유동특성을 해석적으로 평가하였으며, 바텀플러그 하부에서 나타나는 공동현상을 공동화지표와 POC(Percent of cavitation)를 도입하여 정량화하였다. 공동현상의 저감을 위해 바텀플러그 형상을 매개변수화하고, 해석의 수렴성 개선과 해석시간을 단축시킬 수 있는 단순 유한요소모델을 이용하여 유동해석을 통한 형상최적설계를 실시하였다. 완전요인배치법을 통한 실험계획법과 인공신경망 기반 반응표면모델을 적용하여 공동현상이 발생하지 않는 POC 가 30% 미만인 바텀플러그의 형상을 제시하였다. 얻어진 최적해는 POC 27%에 대하여 바텀플러그의 허리길이와 꼬리길이가 각각 6.42mm 및 6.96mm 이다.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 전문대학 공학계열 학생들의 학업성취와 자기조절학습전략의 향상을 위하여 성찰저널을 수업에 적용하고 그 효과성을 검증하는 데 있다. 본 연구에서 사용한 성찰저널은 학생들의 학업성취와 자기조절학습전략, 특히 메타인지와 비판적 사고 등을 향상시키기 위한 인지도구로서 (1) 5점 Likert 척도로 된 자기평가, (2) 수업에세이, (3) 동료와의 대화, (4) 교수님과의 대화 등으로 구성되어 있는 '구조화된 성찰저널'이다. 이러한 성찰저널의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 2009년 8월 24일부터 10월 16일까지 총 8주 동안 공학계열 1학년 94명(이론반 42명, 실험실습반 52명)을 연구반(성찰저널 적용 수업)과 비교반(성찰저널을 적용하지 않는 반)으로 구분하여 수업을 진행하고, 이러한 수업 유형에 따라 사전과 사후의 학업성취도와 자기조절학습전략의 차이가 있는지를 검증하기 위해 공분산 분석(analysis of covariance)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 성찰저널이 공학계열 신입생들의 학업성취도와 자기조절학습전략을 향상시키는 데 긍정적인 효과가 있음이 증명되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2003

전기로 더스트, 석탄회, 석분 등 폐기물을 재활용한 소성벽돌의 미세구조 및 조성분포를 SEM과 EBS로 분석하였다. 소성벽돌 시편 중 일부에서 갈색 매트릭스 위에 노란색 영역이 발견되었고 내부에는 갈색 영역 외에 흑색 black-core 영역이 존재하였다. 표면의 노란색 영역은 Zn이 주성분이었으며 흑색 black-core 영역은 매트릭스와 조성차이는 보이지 않았다. 소성벽돌 시편의 전 부분에 걸쳐 1$\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 mullite 결정상이 분포하고 있었으며 유리질에 의해 둘러싸여져 있었다. 이는 고령토와 석탄회 내의 alumino-silicate 화합물이 소성과정에서 meta-kaolinite를 거쳐 mullite로 전이된 것으로 사료된다. 시편 외부는 산화분위기가 조성되나 내부는 석탄회 및 더스트에 함유되어 있는 미연탄소분에 의해 환원분위기가 조성 되면서 발생한 가스에 의해 발포되어 흑색 black-core 영역에서는 수십 fm 크기의 구형 기공이 발견되었다. 벽돌 내부는 Al과 Si가 주성분이었고 소량의 Fe, K, Ca, Na를 포함하고 있었다 특히 Fe는 비정질상 표면에 원판형 Fe-rich 결정상으로 석출되어 존재하고 있었다. 시편 내부에서는 상대적으로 적은 양의 Zn이 발견되었고 외부에서는 내부에 있던 Zn이 환원되면서 표면으로 확산되어 Zn-rich 결정상을 표면에 형성하여 노란색 표피층을 형성하였다.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.141-162
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• 2008

우리 주변에서 접할 수 있는 대부분의 이러닝 프로그램들은 강의법을 주된 교수방법으로 활용하고 있다. 이러닝 환경에서 강의법은 가장 효과적이지 못한 교수방법이라는 메타분석 연구결과 및 학습자의 능동적 참여만이 이러닝 프로그램의 성공을 보장할 수 있다는 학자들의 주장은 강의법 위주의 이러닝 프로그램의 학습효과에 의문을 제기하게 한다. 결국, 이러닝 프로그램의 질적 수준과 그 효과는 어떠한 페다고지를 적용하느냐에 따라 결정된다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구는 설계 연구(design research)를 통해 질적 개선을 추구하고 있는 미국의 이러닝 프로그램들이 어떠한 심리적 특성들을 공통적으로 반영하고 있는 지에 대한 분석을 통해 국내 이러닝 프로그램들의 개선을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 분석된 미국의 이러닝 프로그램들은 공통적으로 구성주의 교육철학의 배경을 가지고 반성적 사고, 협력적 상호작용 공간, 지식 구성, 맥락적 행위, 외적 표상의 활용 등의 심리적 특성들을 강조하고 있었다. 즉, 경험주의 학습, 상황학습, 협력학습, 복합표상 학습 등은 국내 이러닝 프로그램의 개선을 위해서 고려해야 할 학습원칙들일 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2022

Objective : Although full-endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-LIF) has been tried as the latest alternative technique to minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interobody fusion (MIS-TLIF) since mid-2010, the evidence is still lacking. We compared the clinical outcome and safety of Endo-LIF to MIS-TLIF for lumbar degenerative disease. Methods : We systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to find literature comparing Endo-LIF to MIS-TLIF. The results retrieved were last updated on December 11, 2020. The perioperative outcome included the operation time, blood loss, complication, and hospital stay. The clinical outcomes included Visual analog scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI), and the radiological outcome included pseudoarthosis rate with 12-month minimum follow-up. Results : Four retrospective observational studies and one prospective observational study comprising 423 patients (183 Endo-LIF and 241 MIS-TLIF) were included, and the pooled data analysis revealed low heterogeneity between studies in our review. Baseline characteristics including age and sex were not different between the two groups. Operation time was significantly longer in Endo-LIF (mean difference [MD], 23.220 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.669-35.771; p=0.001). However, Endo-LIF resulted in less perioperative blood loss (MD, -144.710 mL; 95% CI, 247.941-41.478; p=0.023). Although VAS back pain at final (MD, -0.120; p=0.586), leg pain within 2 weeks (MD, 0.005; p=0.293), VAS leg pain at final (MD, 0.099; p=0.099), ODI at final (MD, 0.141; p=0.093) were not different, VAS back pain within 2 weeks was more favorable in the Endo-LIF (MD, -1.538; 95% CI, -2.044 to -1.032; p<0.001). On the other hand, no statistically significant group difference in complication rate (relative risk [RR], 0.709; p=0.774), hospital stay (MD, -2.399; p=0.151), and pseudoarthrosis rate (RR, 1.284; p=0.736) were found. Conclusion : Relative to MIS-TLIF, immediate outcomes were favorable in Endo-LIF in terms of blood loss and immediate VAS back pain, although complication rate, mid-term clinical outcomes, and fusion rate were not different. However, the challenges for Endo-LIF include longer operation time which means a difficult learning curve and limited surgical indication which means patient selection bias. Larger-scale, well-designed study with long-term follow-up and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm and update the results of this systematic review.