• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

Objective:The present study examined the association between basic neurocognitive functions and emotional recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, to Investigate cognitive variable related to emotion recognition in Schizophrenia. Methods:Forty eight patients from the Yongin Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center were evaluated for neurocognitive function, and Emotional Recognition Test which has four subscales finding emotional clue, discriminating emotions, understanding emotional context and emotional capacity. Measures of neurocognitive functioning were selected based on hypothesized relationships to perception of emotion. These measures included:1) Letter Number Sequencing Test, a measure of working memory;2) Word Fluency and Block Design, a measure of executive function;3) Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Korean version, a measure of verbal memory;4) Digit Span, a measure of immediate memory;5) Span of Apprehension Task, a measure of early visual processing, visual scanning;6) Continuous Performance Test, a measure of sustained attention functioning. Correlation analyses between specific neurocognitive measures and emotional recognition test were made. To examine the degree to which neurocognitive performance predicting emotional recognition, hierarchical regression analyses were also made. Results:Working memory, and verbal memory were closely related with emotional discrimination. Working memory, Span of Apprehension and Digit Span were closely related with contextual recognition. Among cognitive measures, Span of Apprehension, Working memory, Digit Span were most important variables in predicting emotional capacity. Conclusion:These results are relevant considering that emotional information processing depends, in part, on the abilities to scan the context and to use immediate working memory. These results indicated that mul- tifaceted cognitive training program added with Emotional Recognition Task(Cognitive Behavioral Rehabilitation Therapy added with Emotional Management Program) are promising.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2000

This study was conducted to prove that there exists a relation between the spleen and learning and memory as Oriental medicine believesTo promote the function of the Spleen, Guibitang was administered to rats in this study. Rats were 250～300g Sprague-Dawley, and were divided into three groups. One was the normal group without any pretreatment. Another was the control group which was administered normal saline and the abdominal injection of L-NAME before learning and memory test. And the 3rd was the sample group, to which was administered Guibitang extract and (no 'the') abdominal injection of L-NAME before the learning and memory test. Each group was made up of 12 rats. Morris water maze and radial arm maze tasks were performed in the learning test and Morris water maze task in the memory test. For 2 days to evaluate the ability of learning in the Morris water maze, 16 trials were carried out and first latency(lapse time to find the escape platform for the first time) was measured. The next day, to evaluate the ability of memory, the escape platform was eliminated from the maze, and total path, target entry number, first latency and memory score were measured. 48hrs before the radial arm maze task was performed, bait was deprived from each group. After learning test, bait was permitted to each group. So 85% of the body weight was maintained for 6 days of the test. Each of the eight arms was baited; correct choice numer and error were counted; each trial was finished when the rat had entered each of the eight arms, or more than 10 minutes had elapsed. The results were as follows: In the learning test, the first latency of the sample group in the Morris water maze showed evident improvement of learning compared to control group at the 11th, 12th, 13th trial of 16 trials, and correct choice number in radial arm maze showed noticeable improvement compared to the control group at 3rd, 4th and 5th; In the memory test, the memory score of the sample group showed evident improvement compared to the control group. From the above results, the administration of Guibitang, which tonifies the function of the Spleen, could enhance the ability of learning and memory. So it was suggested that the Spleen has a relation with learning and memory.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.107-115
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on frontal lobe cognitive function in seniors. Methods: The participants were 42 seniors using a health center in Seoul (experimental group) and 28 seniors using a facility for elders in Seoul (control group). The exercise program was carried out for 16 weeks from April to August 2007. The frontal lobe cognitive function, which includes short term memory, attention, immediate memory, delayed memory, verbal fluency and motor function, was measured by the Digit Span Forward test, Trail Making test, Immediate recall words test, Delayed recall words, Controlled oral word association test and Finger tapping test. The collected data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, t-test, and ANCOVA using the SAS program. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: Attention (p=.009), immediate memory (p=.005), delayed memory (p=.009), and verbal fluency (p=.004) improved after the exercise program. Conclusion: In this study, the exercise program was effective in improving frontal lobe cognitive function in elders. So it provides basic information for further nursing education on exercise programs which will be effective for prevention of early cognitive function decline in normally aging elders.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.5 no.4 s.17
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

In the manufacturing processes of semiconductor, test process is important for quality of products. In the manufacturing process of dynamic memory, memory test is more important. So, automatic test equipment(ATE) is used necessarily. But, according to increase of speed of dynamic memory operation, the rapid test equipment is needed. Impedance matching between ATE and dynamic memory is expected to be an important problem for making a rapid test equipment over 1Gbps. According to increase of speed, inner impedance of ATE also works on important parameter for test. This paper is about the method that is for impedance matching of inner impedance and coaxial cable occurring in manufacturing of ATE. We proved effects of inner impedance by electric theory and verified the method of impedance matching using computer simulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.41-49
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• 2010

Being popularized the use of portable entertainment/information devices, the demand on flash memory has been also increased radically. In general, flash memory reveals various error patterns by the devices it is mounted, and thus the memory makers are trying to minimize error ratio in the final process through not only the electric test but also the data integrity test under the same condition as real application devices. This process is called an application-level memory test. Though currently various flash memory testing devices have been used in the production lines, most of the works related to memory test depend on the sensual abilities of human testers. In case of testing the flash memory for MP3 devices, the human testers are checking if the memory has some errors by hearing the audio played on the memory testing device. The memory testing process like this has become a bottleneck in the flash memory production line. In this paper, we propose an audio comparison technique to support the efficient flash memory test for MP3 devices. The technique proposed in this paper compares the variance change rate between the source binary file and the decoded analog signal and checks automatically if the memory errors are occurred or not.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.2 s.332
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a memory BIST Circuit Creation System which creates BIST circuit based on user defined fault model and generates the optimized march test algorithm. Traditional tools have some limit that regenerates BIST circuit after changing the memory type or test algorithm. However, this proposed creation system can automatically generate memory BIST circuit which is suitable in the various memory type and apply algorithm which is required by user. And it gets more efficient through optimizing algorithms for fault models which is selected randomly according to proposed nile. In addition, it support various address width and data and consider interface of IEEE 1149.1 circuit.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.924-927
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• 2003

In this paper, we design the memory tester chip set playing an important role in the memory tester as central parts. Memory tester has the sixteen inner instructions to control the test sequence and the address and data signals to DUT. These instructions are saved in memory with each chip such as sequence chip and address/data generator chip. Sequence chip controls the test sequence according to instructions saved in the memory. And Generator chip generates the address and data signals according to instructions saved in the memory, too.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.270-276
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the water extract of Albizziae Cortex (AC) on the learning and memory impairments. AC was administered to normal mouse and scopolamine-injected amnesia mouse model. Passive avoidance test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test were conducted to confirm the cognitive-enhancing activities of AC. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (Ach) content were measured after oral administration of AC. On the passive avoidance test, AC (200 mg/kg) significantly increased latency time and recovered scopolamine-impaired learning and memory in mice. In addition, AC (200 mg/kg) reduced Exploration time in target quadrant and reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the Y-maze test. Moreover, AC (200 mg/kg) increased exploration time in target quadrant and improved scopolamine-reduced escape latencies in the Morris water maze test. These effects were presented by regulatory effects of AC on AChE activity and Ach content. Taken together, AC increases cognitive-enhancing activities and ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment. AC might be a potential agent for prevention and treatment of amnesia and dementia.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.376-379
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• 2001

In this paper, I design the control chip that controls inner test sequence of Logic Tester to test chip. Logic tester has the thirteen inner instructions to control test sequence in test. And these instructions are saved in memory with test pattern data. Control chip generates address and control signal such as read, write signal of memory. Before testing, necessary data such as start address, end address, etc. are written to inner register of control chip. When test started, control chip receives the instruction in start address and executes, and generates address and control signals to access tester' inner memory. So whole test sequence is controlled by making the address and control signal in tester's inner memory. Control chip designs instruction's execution blocks, respectively. So if inner instruction is added from now on, a revision is easy. The control chip will be made using FPGA of Xilinx Co. in future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.639-651
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of knowledge base and metamemory in children's conceptual implicit memory with category-exemplar-generation task. Subjects were total 180 children of each 60 from Grade2, Grade6 and High school students. They were examined implicit memory with category-exemplar-generation task, knowledge base test, and metamemory test. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA, and Scheffe post hoc test. The result was following: First, as the child grow old, implicit memory primed increased. Implicit memory amount was significantly different between Grade2 and High school students, Grade6 and High school students. Second, as the child grow high knowledge base, implicit memory primed increased. There was a significantly different found between age and knowledge base. Third, as the child grow high metamemory, implicit memory primed increased. These results were interpreted as that the state of the age, knowledge base and metamemory should be an important factorin implicit memory. And current findings suggest that implicit memory can show development if a children's knowledge base and metamemory in developing with age.