• Title/Summary/Keyword: Medicinal crop

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Situations of GAP certified ginseng and 4P's strategies (GAP 인증인삼 현황과 4P 전략)

  • Hong, Seung-Jee;Kim, Kwan-Hoo
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.369-381
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    • 2011
  • Ginseng in Korea has not only the big production value but also till a good reputation from overseas in the name of 'Korea Ginseng'. Having spread rapidly nationwide from 2000 year, its production keeps on increasing but its consumption becomes lazy and its price is also falling down because of comsumer's concern about mainly overusing pesticide for ginseng. In order to cope with this problem, the government introduced the GAP certification system to ginseng in 2006 to reflect consumer's needs for food safety. This system will be a good opportunity to promote ginseng consumption dramatically. In this aspect it is very important to know how well this system is established and how ginseng farmers build marketing strategies to draw new wind in the market. This study was carried out to look over the GAP certified ginseng system and show its marketing strategies using 4P's(product, place, promotion and price). The main results are as follows. GAP ginseng system currently has some weaknesses such as lack of systematic certification management and after-service, nonrealistic certification fee and poor linkage from production to consumption. In the marketing mix strategies, product strategy suggests that the most desirable appearance be transplanted ginseng filled with branch roots and 4 to 5 year-ginseng, and it is necessary to choose multi-brand strategy divided for present into for self-sufficiency and family brand strategy by use if its brand enlarges to processed products in the future. In the place strategy, 3 stages like 'producer group' - 'GAP certified facility' - 'sales shop' are based as the physical marketing channel according to traceability, and connected with giant retail market and environment friendly stand, and if its sales volume enlarges, it should be considered the GAP ginseng specialized marketplace which is a type of chain store. In the promotion strategy, the promotion of government level is necessary at first and producer alliances require the promotion targeting at the group of women under 40 with differentiation from price, quality, and safety. In the price strategy, the early stage-high price strategy which sets 20~25% higher for self-sufficiency and 30~35% for present is desirable.

Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.

Genetic Diversity of Korean Cylindrocarpon destructans Based on Virulence Aassay and RAPD Analysis (병원성 검정 및 RAPD 분석에 의한 국내 인삼뿌리썩음병균(Cylindrocarpon destructans)의 유전적 다양성)

  • Seo, Mun-Won;Kim, Sun-Ick;Song, Jeong-Young;Kim, Hong-Gi
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2011
  • Ginseng root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans is one of the most destructive diseases of ginseng(Panax ginseng). We analyzed the features of the species through pathogenicity test and genetic diversity analysis of C. destructans in Korea, for its application as basic data to attempt for effective control. C. destructans isolated from rotted ginseng roots exhibited a variety of colonial colors on media. It was assumed that there may exist genetic diversity in the population by the diversity of pathogenicity among isolates observed when artificially inoculated into ginseng roots. Pathogenicity tests using ex vivo wound inoculation with agar mixture inoculation on ginseng roots were performed similar results as were observed appear to be useful for rapid pathogen inspection. According to RAPD analysis results, Korean C. destructans isolates formed a single genetic group which can be distinguished readily from closely related other fungi. C. destructans group was divided into two small groups. Therefore, we were able to confirm pathogenicity and genetic difference between the isolates in each of the groups of the pathogen.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Sparassis crispa extracts (꽃송이버섯 추출물의 항염활성 효과)

  • Choi, Woo-Suk;Shin, Pyung-Gyun;Bok, Yoo Young;Jun, Noh Hyung;Kim, Gun-Do
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.46-51
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    • 2013
  • Sparassis crispa is a medicinal mushroom, which has been reported to have anti-cancer effect. In this study, we designed to investigate the effects of Sparassis crispa extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The pre-treatment of the extracts prior to add LPS in RAW264.7 cells suppressed NO production and iNOS expression at protein and mRNA levels. The phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ was inhibited by the extracts, which was induced through suppressing the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. Sparassis crispa extracts showed the effect on the down-regulation of STAT-1 activation in a dose-dependent manner. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, $NF-{\kappa}B$ was translocated into the nucleus, while the treatment of Sparassis crispa extracts induced to sequestered $NF-{\kappa}B$ in the cytosol. These experimental results determined that Sparassis crispa extracts play a inhibitory role in inflammatory reactions via regulating NO production, which suggests potential as a component of inflammatory drugs.

Current status on the development and commercialization of GM plants (국내·외 GM식물의 개발 및 산업화 현황)

  • Lee, Shin-Woo
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.305-312
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    • 2010
  • During a last decade, the introduced traits in commercialized GM crops have been diversified from a simple trait such as herbicide resistance gene or insectresistance gene which are related to the crop production into more complicated traits such as modification of fatty acid or essential amino acid composition, modified coloring pattern of flower. In addition, it was investigated that several other GM crops bearing more refined traits expected to lead next generation are also awaiting for risk assessment (RA) or under field test for the preparation of RA in the near future. These GM crops include abiotic stress resistance including drought or cold, increased biomass, production of bioethanol or diesel, production of pharmaceuticals or functional materials for industrial. In particular, in 2008 and 2009, it was reported that the highest number of GM crops for molecular farming are under developed in laboratory or green house level in all the world. Likewise, in Korea, 171 events from 49 plant species are under developed to introduce several important traits. At present, about 10 events are under field test to select elite lines for RA application. For the first time, herbicide resistance turfgrass developed by Korean research team has been submitted for RA and currently under requested for additional data. Moreover, GM rice resistant to leaf roll (folder) disease is expected as a next event to be submitted for RA application.

Isolation and Characterization of Actinomycete Strain BK185 Possessing Antifungal Activity against Ginseng Root Rot Pathogens (인삼 뿌리썩음병균에 항균활성이 있는 방선균 BK185의 분리 및 특성)

  • Kim, Byung-Yong;Bae, Mun-Hyung;Ahn, Jae-Hyung;Weon, Hang-Yeon;Kim, Sung-Il;Kim, Wan-Kyu;Oh, Dong-Chan;Song, Jaekyeong
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.396-403
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    • 2014
  • Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is an economically valuable pharmaceutical crop in Korea. In order to find promising biocontrol agents for soil-borne fungal pathogens which infect ginseng roots, we have isolated actinomycete, BK185 from soil. The isolate was investigated for the antifungal activity against to ginseng rot pathogens prior to testing genetic and chemical properties. The strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. using phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The most closely related species was S. sporoclivatus and S. geldanamycininus with high similarities (>99%). The isolate, BK185 showed positive reaction for PCR detection targeting biosynthetic gene clusters of PKS (Type-I polyketide synthase) and NRPS (Non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase) genes. Major metabolite from the BK185 was analyzed by The LC/MS and identified to geldamycin, which was known to contained broad antibacterial, antifungal or anticancer activities. The results provide evidences that the strain, BK185 can be promising biocontrol agent for ginseng organic farming.

Effect of Humidity and Gas Composition on Fruit Quality during Heat Treatment of Satsuma Mandarin ($Citrus$ $unshiu$ Marc.) (온주밀감의 산함량 감소를 위한 열처리 시 습도 및 가스조성의 차이가 과실품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ji-Hyun;Choi, Young-Hun;Han, Seung-Gab;Yi, Pyung-Ho;Kang, Yeung-Joo
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of the humidity and gas composition on the quality of satsuma mandarins during their heat treatment, in an effort to reduce their acidity. To come up with different humidity and gas conditions, various plastic films were used. The fruits were wrapped with an 18-${\mu}m$ high-density polyethylene (HDPE) punched film, a 30-${\mu}m$ low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film, or a 100-${\mu}m$ LDPE film just before treatment at $30^{\circ}C$ for 55 hours. After heat treatment, the titratible acidity (TA) was significantly reduced while the soluble-solid content (SSC) showed no differences, which resulted in increased SSC/TA ratios in all the treatments. The fruits that were not wrapped with a film, however, which had low RH, developed higher ethanol and acetaldehyde contents than those wrapped with an 18-${\mu}m$ HDPE punched film, which had high RH and a similar gas composition. Among the films, the higher the $CO_2$ concentration in the film was, the more the ethanol and acetaldehyde contents increased, which induced more off-flavor. It was thus concluded that high humidity and normal gas composition are favorable conditions for heat treatment to reduce the acidity of satsuma mandarins.

Evolution of Medicinal Crop Industry as the Bio-resources in the 21st Century (21세기 생물산업 소재인 약초 산업의 진화)

  • Park, Chun-Geon;Kang, Yong-Ku;Choi, Ae-Jin;Lee, Jeong-Hoon;Woo, Jong-Gyu;Park, Chung-Berm
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.8-8
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    • 2011
  • 인류는 자연으로부터 식량과 질병 치료를 위하여 자연스럽게 약초를 얻을 수 있었다. 약 6만 년 전 네안데르탈인의 무덤에서 오늘날 향료로 쓰이는 약초가 발견 될 정도로 인류가 약초를 이용한 역사는 오래 되었다. 약초는 난치병, 노화, 성인병 등 현대의학에서 미비점을 보완하는 대체의약 산업의 원료이자 새로운 생물자원의 보고로서, 그 중요성이 커지고 있다. 새로운 생물자원 소재로 약초는 약용성분을 함유한 식물자원의 확보 및 개발 등 고부가산업의 소재로 선진국에서 연구개발의 경쟁이 치열하며, 약초산업은 천연소재 신약과 기능성 식품, 화장품, 생활용품 등으로 확대되고 있다. 의약품 분야에서는 새로운 시대의 중요한 생명산업으로서 약초는 한약뿐 아니라 신약 개발을 위한 소재로도 부각되고 있으며, 항암제인 택솔, 신종플루 치료제인 타미플루 등 천연물 약의 가능성은 이미 증명되었다. 식품 분야에서는 재배기술 발달과 웰빙 트렌드 속에서 약초는 신선채소와 기능성 식품으로 변신하고 있다. 한약재의 이미지를 벗어난 약초는 음료와 과자, 술 등으로 활용되고, 비빔밥 등 다양한 약선음식으로도 개발되고 있다. 산업소재의 활용분야에서는 약초는 특히 화장품 산업의 소재로 각광받고 있다. 이미 다양한 화장품 회사에서 한방화장품을 출시하여 세계 속으로 진출하고 있다. 또한 약초는 천연 색소이자 생활 용품의 소재로 활용되고 있는데, 약초를 활용한 염색약과 여성 생리대, 샴푸 등의 인기가 높다. 약초산업의 부가가치 증대를 위하여 한약재 위주의 약초산업을 천연물 신약, 기능성 식품, 화장품, 산업 소재 등 고부가가치 시장으로 확장시키고, 우리 약초 산업의 세계화를 추진해야 한다. 연구개발 투자 확대와 빠르게 변화하는 시장을 반영하여 연구 방향을 수립하고, 산학연 및 생산자단체 등과 새로운 약초 산업의 블루오션 창출을 위해 협력을 해야 할 것이다. 또한 약초의 생산기술 안정화를 통해 산업화 기반을 구축하여, 약초 공급의 안정화, 약초 생산 농가 소득 안정화가 필요하며, 마지막으로 변해가는 약초 산업의 트렌드에 부응할 수 있는 품질관리와 유통 질서 확립을 위한 정책과 제도의 선진화가 뒷받침 되어야 할 것이다.

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Georeferencing of Primary Species Occurrence Data and Necessity of Data Quality Control - A Case Study of Two Varieties of Ox-Knee, Achyranthes bidentata Blume - (1차종발생자료를 응용한 지리참조연산표준화 및 자료 품질 관리의 필요성 - 쇠무릎과 털쇠무릎의 적용 사례 -)

  • Chang, Chin-Sung;Chang, Kae Sun;Ahn, Yong-Sup;Kim, Hui
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.101 no.2
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this contribution is to develop the framework of a methodology for identifying potential errors in georeferencing and in an application of it using specimens of Ox-Knee, Achyranthes bidentata Blume in Korea. At infraspecific level, uncertainty of identification showed that 41% of A. bidentata var. japonica and 28% of var. bidentata were misidentified, suggesting that the uncertainty level was independent of the reliability of experts' identification. For georeference specimen records, 71 specimens out of total 303 were selected and utilized as occurrence data: Uncertainty was 32.4 km at maximum and was 0.1297 km at minimum (mean = 4,055 m, s.d. = 5,772 m). Var. japonica is common throughout most of the southeastern Korea and west coastal areas, while var. bidentata has been found as far north as Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces. We modelled the potential distribution of two varieties using Bioclim approach in Korea based on several environmental factors. Our results indicated the most important region for var. japonica lies the west coast ranges and southern area, while for Chungcheongnam-do of potential high diversity occurs for var. bidentata. This study shows that the major factors to determine the distribution patterns of two varieties were thermal factors, rather than precipitation. The Bioclim model using geocode and georeferencing data makes the information increasingly useful and reliable. To improve data quality, it requires full management from data collection to final databases including data cleaning.

Effects of Extracts from Sarcocarp, Peels, and Seeds of Avocado on Osteoblast Differentiation and Osteoclast Formation (아보카도 과육, 과피 및 씨 추출물이 조골세포 분화 및 파골세포 형성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Mi-Jin;Im, Nam-Kyung;Yu, Mi-Hee;Kim, Hyun-Jeong;Lee, In-Seon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.7
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    • pp.919-927
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    • 2011
  • Avocado (Persea americana Mill., Family Lauraceae) is an important subtropical crop in the Americas where it has been cultivated for several thousand years. To investigate the bioactivities of avocado, which acts on bone formation, we prepared methanol extracts from the sarcocarp, peels, and seeds of avocado. The methanol extracts of peels and seeds showed higher bone-forming activity than avocado sarcocarp extracts accompanied by MC3T3-E1 osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Additionally, the extracts of sarcocarp and peel from avocado also decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity against differentiation of osteoclasts, derived from mouse bone marrow macrophages. The hexane fraction from avocado peels showed strong bone-forming activity accompanied by osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity (170.7${\pm}$8.4%), and the ethyl acetate fraction from avocado peel decreased TRAP activity (5.2${\pm}$0.3%) and differentiated osteoclasts at 50 ${\mu}g$/mL. Therefore, avocado is expected to be a natural source for developing medicinal agents to prevent bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, by increasing osteoblast differentiation and reducing osteoclast activity.