DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Current status on the development and commercialization of GM plants

국내·외 GM식물의 개발 및 산업화 현황

  • Lee, Shin-Woo (Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, JinJu National University)
  • 이신우 (진주산업대학교, 생명자원과학대학, 농학.한약자원학부)
  • Received : 2010.09.02
  • Accepted : 2010.09.06
  • Published : 2010.09.30

Abstract

During a last decade, the introduced traits in commercialized GM crops have been diversified from a simple trait such as herbicide resistance gene or insectresistance gene which are related to the crop production into more complicated traits such as modification of fatty acid or essential amino acid composition, modified coloring pattern of flower. In addition, it was investigated that several other GM crops bearing more refined traits expected to lead next generation are also awaiting for risk assessment (RA) or under field test for the preparation of RA in the near future. These GM crops include abiotic stress resistance including drought or cold, increased biomass, production of bioethanol or diesel, production of pharmaceuticals or functional materials for industrial. In particular, in 2008 and 2009, it was reported that the highest number of GM crops for molecular farming are under developed in laboratory or green house level in all the world. Likewise, in Korea, 171 events from 49 plant species are under developed to introduce several important traits. At present, about 10 events are under field test to select elite lines for RA application. For the first time, herbicide resistance turfgrass developed by Korean research team has been submitted for RA and currently under requested for additional data. Moreover, GM rice resistant to leaf roll (folder) disease is expected as a next event to be submitted for RA application.

지난 십년까지 상업화가 승인된 GM작물들의 특성을 보면 첫 단계에는 제초제저항성, 해충저항성, 바이러스 저항성 유전자가 도입된 작물 등으로 농업적 생산성을 증가시키기 위한 단일유전자가 도입된 것들이었으나 최근 들어 지방산 조성을 변경하거나, 특정 필수아미노산의 함량을 증가시키거나, 또는 화색을 변경 시킨 제 2세대 GM식물들의 승인건수가 점차 증가하는 추세에 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 현재 국가별로 심사 중에 있거나 환경위해성 평가용 자료를 생산하기 위하여 제한된 구역에서 포장시험을 수행하고 있는 것으로 알려진 GM 작물들을 보면 가뭄, 냉해 등에 내성이 강한 무생물적 스트레스 내성 작물, 녹색 성장의 주역이 될 biomass 증가, 또는 바이오디젤연료 생산 작물, 그리고 각종 의료용 및 산용 특수물질을 생산하는 분자농업용 작물 등이 주를 이루고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 아직은 실험실 또는 연구실 수준에서 성공하여 전문 학술지 또는 다양한 언론매체를 통하여 보도된 자료들을 분석한 결과에서도 이러한 차세대 GM 작물들의 개발건수가 현저하게 증가하고 있다. 특히 분자농업용 GM작물의 개발 건수가 가장 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 국내의 경우에도 비슷한 추세로 다양한 연구과제가 진행 중에 있는 것으로 조사되었으며. 국내에서 개발되어 최초로 환경위해성 평가를 신청한 GM 작물은 제초제 저항성잔디로서 현재까지 심사가 진행 중에 있으며, 이외에도 향후 신청을 위하여 포장시험이 진행 중에 있는 GM 작물들이 벼, 고추, 배추 등 약 10여종으로 이들 중 벼에 관한 건수가 가장 많았으며 그 중에서도 흑명나방 저항성 벼가 가장 많은 연구가 진행되어 곧 환경 위해성 평가를 신청할 것으로 조사되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. 강태진 (2004) 식물분자농업시스템과 생산품, BioWave 6:1-20
  2. 김성우 (2008) 세계 GM작물의 연구 개발 및 상업화 동향. Bioafety 9:78-91
  3. 이상재 (2009a) 농업용 LMO 개발 및 재배현황, GMO 안전성 커뮤니케이션 심포지엄 (농업연구용 GMO안전관리), 농촌진흥청 pp 37-65
  4. 이신우 (2006) 식물분자농업(Plant Molecular Farming)산물의 환경위해성 평가, Biosafety 7:60-80
  5. 이신우 (2008) 유전자변형생물체의 연구개발 및 산업화, 2008 Biosafety White Paper, pp 202-212
  6. 이신우 (2009b) 식물을 이용한 신약공장 시대의 도래, Biosafety 10:22-33
  7. 이신우 (2009c) LMO연구개발, 2009 Biosafety White Paper, pp 246-253
  8. Cho HS (2006) 유전자변형 배추의 개발과 환경휘해성 평가 현황. Biosafety 7:4-19
  9. Daniell et al. (2001) Medical molecular farming: production of antibodies, biopharmaceuticals and edible vaccins in plants? Trends in Plant Science 6:219-226 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(01)01922-7
  10. Einsiedel EF, Medlock J (2005) A public consumtation on plant molecular farming. AgBioForum 8:26-32
  11. Hong JS, Choi JK, Park HS, Lee SN, Ryu KH (2010) Comparison of isolates of cucumber mosaic virus for risk assessment of CMV-resistant transgenic hot pepper. The commemorative international symposium for the 50Th anniversary of KSABC. pp 275
  12. James C (2003) Global review of commercialized transgenic crop. ISAAA Brief 24
  13. James C (2009) Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2009. The first fourteen years, 1996 to 2009. ISAAA Brief 41
  14. Jeong SC, Park IS, Cho EY, Youk ES Park S, Yoon WK, Kim CG, Choi YD, Kim JK, Kim HM (2007) Molecular analysis and quantitative detection of a transgenic rice line expressing a bifunctional fusion TPSP. Food Control 18:1434-1442 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.10.007
  15. Jeong SC (2008) Current status of development and eventdependent genetic analysis of genetically modified crops in Korea. J Plant Biotechnol 35:23-29 https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2008.35.1.023
  16. James C. (2003) Global review of commercialized transgenic crop. ISAAA briefs No. 24
  17. Kim JK (2010) Making the drought tolerant GM rice plants. The commemorative international symposium for the 50Th anniversary of KSABC. pp 205
  18. Kim JI, Lee HY, Song PS (2010) Development and application of genetically engineered turfgrass varieties with higher commercial values. The commemorative international symposium for the 50Th anniversary of KSABC. pp273
  19. Lee HY, Bae TW (2005) 제초제저항성 GM 들잔디의 개발 및 환경위해성 평가현황. Biosafety 6:4-13
  20. Lee YS, Kim SW (2010) Transgenic poplar plants for phytoremediation. The commemorative international symposium for the 50Th anniversary of KSABC. pp 201
  21. Marie-France H(2003) Plant Molecular Farming : Issues and challenges for Canadian Regulators, Consumer Affairs Offices, Industry, Canada
  22. Naqvi S, Zhu C, Farre G, Ramessar K, Bassie L, Breitenbach J, Perez Conesa D, Ros G, Sandmann G, Capell T, Christou P (2009) Transgenic multivitamin corn through biofortification of endosperm with three vitamins representing three distinct metabolic pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.106:7762-7767 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901412106
  23. RDA (농촌진흥청) (2009) 어젠다 중신 제5차 농업과학기술, 중장기 연구개발 계획(2009 -2017). ISBN : 978-89-480-0294-293520
  24. RDA (농촌진흥청) (2010) 2009 농업과학기술 개발 사업 주요연구성과. ISBN 978-89-480-0603-2
  25. Ryu TH, Kim DH (2006) 유전자변형 벼의 개발과 환경위해성 평가현황. Biosafety 7:20-32
  26. Seo HW (2006) 유전자변형 감자의 개발과 환경휘해성 평가 현황. Biosafety 7:33-46

Cited by

  1. Strategies for the development of GM crops in accordance with the environmental risk assessment (I) vol.38, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2011.38.2.125
  2. Current status on the development of GM plants based on the published articles and patents in Korea vol.37, pp.4, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2010.37.4.394
  3. Nutritional Composition of Drought-Tolerant Transgenic Rice vol.42, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.5.730
  4. Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified Herbicide-Tolerant zoysiagrass (Event: Jeju Green21) vol.38, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2011.38.2.105
  5. Analysis of agricultural characteristics to establish the evaluation protocol and environmental risk assessment for genetically modified hot pepper crops vol.53, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-012-0051-1
  6. Drought-Simulation Facility for Assessing Tolerance and Risks of Genetically Modified Crops vol.26, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12719/KSIA.2014.26.3.303
  7. Analysis of risk management system of GM crops in China for the development of global GM crops vol.39, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2012.39.3.127
  8. Deterioration of Agronomic Characteristics of Drought-Resistant GM Rice (CaMsrB2-8) vol.2, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2013.2.2.159
  9. Potential of plants to produce recombinant protein products vol.59, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-016-0482-9
  10. Nutritional Assessment for Grain and Whole Rice Plant of Drought-tolerant GM Rice (Agb0103) vol.30, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12719/KSIA.2018.30.3.233