• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6949-6954
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• 2014

Background: Recent studies have indicated that microRNA-15a (miR-15a) is dysregulated in breast cancer (BC). We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-15a in BC tissues and corresponding para-carcinoma tissues. We also focused on effects of miR-15a on cellular behavior of MDA-MB-231 and expression of its target gene synuclein-${\gamma}$ (SNCG). Materials and Methods: The expression levels of miR-15a were analysed in BC formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. CCK-8 assays, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were used to explore the potential functions of miR-15a in MDA-MB-231 human BC cells. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed direct targets. Results: Downregulation of miR-15a was detected in most primary BCs. Ectopic expression of miR-15a promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in vivo. Further studies indicated that miR-15a may directly interact with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of SNCG mRNA, downregulating its mRNA and protein expression levels. SNCG expression was negatively correlated with miR-15a expression. Conclusions: MiR-15a has a critical role in mediating cell cycle arrest and promoting cell apoptosis of BC, probably by directly targeting SNCG. Thus, it may be involved in development and progression of BC.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2011

광주 전남지역 전문대학 경호학과 학생 120명을 대상으로 Skill Reporter Mannequin을 이용한 심폐소생술 교육전과 교육후의 심폐소생술 술기 정확도 평가를 실시하였으며 심폐소생술 교육의 만족도를 측정하였다. 조사대상자의 일반적인 특성은 남학생과 여학생이 각각 94명(78.3%)과 26명(21.7%)이었고 학년별로는 1학년 66명(55.0%), 2학년이 54명(45.0%)이었다. 심폐소생술 교육전 인공호흡의 술기는 $26.04{\pm}9.26$에서 교육후 $91.25{\pm}6.68$로 높아져 많은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.01) 기본 심폐소생술 교육전 흉부압박의 술기는 $24.33{\pm}8.55$이었으나 교육후 $91.50{\pm}5.25$로 높아져(p<0.01) 심폐소생술 교육은 전문대학 경호학과 학생들의 심폐소생술 술기에 많은 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 남학생의 심폐소생술 교육 만족도는 $4.33{\pm}0.59$, 여학생은 $3.73{\pm}0.67$의 수치를 보여 남학생이 통계적 유의수준 하에서 심폐소생술 교육 만족도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 심폐소생술 교육의 효과를 극대화할 수 있도록 심폐소생술 교육 프로그램 개발과 대학 경호학과의 교육과정에 심폐소생술 내용을 추가하여 교육이 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 하며, 이에 따르는 교육 공간 및 실습기자재의 확보 등 다양한 정책이 수립되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.378-384
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• 2012

In aquatic invertebrates, particularly marine gastropods, organotin compounds induce irreversible sexual abnormality in females, which is termed imposex, at very low concentrations. Organotin compounds are agonists for nuclear receptors such as RXRs and $PPAR{\gamma}$. However, the imposex phenomenon has not been reported to act as an antagonist on estrogen receptors in other species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. In order to gain insights into the antagonistic activity of organotin compounds on estrogen receptors (ERs), we examined the inhibitive effect of these compounds on estradiol-dependent ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity using the yeast two-hybrid detection system consisting of a combination of the human estrogen receptor ($hER{\beta}$) ligand-binding domain and the co-activator steroid receptor co-activator-1 (SRC1). Tributyltin-hydroxide (TBT-OH) and triphenyltin-chlorine (TPT-Cl) exhibited an inhibitive effect on $E_2$-dependent transcriptional activity, similar to antagonistic chemicals such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) or ICI 182,780, at a very low concentration of $10^{-14}$ M TBT or $10^{-10}$ M TPT, respectively. The yeast growth and transcriptional activity with transcriptional factor GAL4 did not exhibit any effect at the tested concentration of TBT or TPT. Moreover, the yeast two-hybrid system using the interaction between p53 and the T antigen of SV40 large did not describe any effect at the tested concentration of OHT or ICI 182,780. However, the interaction between p53 and T antigen was inhibited at a TBT or TPT concentration of $10^{-9}$ M, respectively. These results indicate that TBT and TPT act as inhibitors of ER-dependent reporter gene transcriptional activation and of the interaction between $hER{\beta}$ LBD and the co-activator SRC1 in the yeast two-hybrid system. Consequently, our data could partly explain the occurrence of organotin compound-induced imposex on the endocrine system of mammals, including humans.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.523-531
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• 2018

Tumour metastasis is one of the most serious challenges of cancer as it is the major cause of mortality in patients with solid tumours, including osteosarcoma (OS). In this regard, anti-metastatic genes have potential for metastasis inhibition strategies. Recent evidence showed the importance of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) in control of OS invasiveness, but the regulation of BRMS1 in OS remains largely unknown. Here, we used bioinformatics analyses to predict BRMS1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs), and the functional binding of miRNAs to BRMS1 mRNA was evaluated using a dual luciferase reporter assay. Among all BRMS1-targeting miRNAs, only miR-151b, miR-7-5p and miR-3200-5p showed significant expression in OS specimens. Specifically, we found that only miR-3200-5p significantly inhibited protein translation of BRMS1 via pairing to the 3'-UTR of the BRMS1 mRNA. Moreover, we detected significantly lower BRMS1 and significantly higher miR-3200-5p in the OS specimens compared to the paired adjacent non-tumour bone tissues. Furthermore, BRMS1 and miR-3200-5p levels were inversely correlated to each other. Low BRMS1 was correlated with metastasis and poor patient survival. In vitro, overexpression of miR-3200-5p significantly decreased BRMS1 levels and promoted OS cell invasion and migration, while depletion of miR-3200-5p significantly increased BRMS1 levels and inhibited OS cell invasion and migration. Thus, our study revealed that miR-3200-5p may be a critical regulator of OS cell invasiveness.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1096-1106
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• 2018

Purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth most common cause of death in the United States. MicroRNAs have been identified as vital players in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. microRNA-128 (miR-128) has been shown to be dysregulated in AD. This study aimed to explore the roles and molecular mechanisms of miR-128 in AD progression. Materials and Methods: Expression patterns of miR-128 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) messenger RNA in clinical samples and cells were measured using RT-qPCR assay. $PPAR-{\gamma}$ protein levels were determined by Western blot assay. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry via double-staining of Annexin V-FITC/PI. Caspase 3 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity was determined by a Caspase 3 Activity Assay Kit or $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 Transcription Factor Assay Kit, respectively. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay were used to investigate interactions between miR-128 and $PPAR-{\gamma}$ 3'UTR. Results: MiR-128 expression was upregulated and $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expression was downregulated in plasma from AD patients and $amyloid-{\beta}$ $(A{\beta})-treated$ primary mouse cortical neurons (MCN) and Neuro2a (N2a) cells. Inhibition of miR-128 decreased $A{\beta}-mediated$ cytotoxicity through inactivation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ in MCN and N2a cells. Moreover, $PPAR-{\gamma}$ was a target of miR-128. $PPAR-{\gamma}$ upregulation attenuated $A{\beta}-mediated$ cytotoxicity by inactivating $NF-{\kappa}B$ in MCN and N2a cells. Furthermore, $PPAR-{\gamma}$ downregulation was able to abolish the effect of anti-miR-128 on cytotoxicity and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity in MCN and N2a cells. Conclusion: MiR-128 inhibitor decreased $A{\beta}-mediated$ cytotoxicity by upregulating $PPAR-{\gamma}$ via inactivation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ in MCN and N2a cells, providing a new potential target in AD treatment.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2022

흰머리는 대표적인 노화의 징후이자 피부, 모발 노화의 특징이다. 내인성 노화, 스트레스, 외부 환경으로 인해 백모가 발생하는데, 조기 백모 발생에는 스트레스가 주요한 요인이 된다고 알려져 있다. 과거 우리는 갈근 추출물이 멜라닌 형성 촉진을 통해 백모를 케어를 할 수 있음을 밝힌 바 있으며, 이에 갈근 추출물이 스트레스에 의한 백모 형성 또한 예방 할 수 있을지 본 연구를 통해 확인하였다. 연구를 위해 멜라닌 생성 주요 전사인자인 MITF 발현을 확인 할 수 있는 세포주를 구축하였다. 스트레스 호르몬 cortisol과 산화 스트레스 유발 인자 H₂O₂를 처리할 경우 MITF 발현이 감소하고, 인체 모낭 조직에서 멜라닌 색소가 감소함을 확인하였다. 여기에 갈근 추출물을 함께 처리할 경우 MITF 발현과 모낭 내 멜라닌 색소 량이 다시 증가하였다. 뿐만 아니라 모낭 내 멜라닌 합성에 관여하는 효소인 TRP-2의 발현도 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 갈근 추출물은 스트레스 호르몬과 산화 스트레스 자극에 의한 멜라닌 합성 저해도 효과적으로 막아줄 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.375-395
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• 2006

Purpose: Lingual nerve (LN) damage may be caused by either tumor resection or injury such as wisdom tooth extraction, Although autologous nerve graft is sometimes used to repair the damaged nerve, it has the disadvantage of necessity of another operation for nerve harvesting. Moreover, the results of nerve grafting is not satisfactory. The nerve growth factor (NGF) is well-known to play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration and its local delivery to the injured nerve has been continuously tried to enhance nerve regeneration. However, its application has limitations like repeated administration due to short half life of 30 minutes and an in vivo delivery model must allow for direct and local delivery. The aim of this study was to construct a well-functioning $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus for the ultimate development of improved method to promote peripheral nerve regeneration with enhanced and extended secretion of hNGF from the injured nerve by injecting $rhNGF-{\beta}$ gene directly into crush-injured LN in rat model. Materials and Methods: $hNGF-{\beta}$ gene was prepared from fetal brain cDNA library and cloned into E1/E3 deleted adenoviral vector which contains green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene as a reporter. After large scale production and purification of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, transfection efficiency and its expression at various cells (primary cultured Schwann cells, HEK293 cells, Schwann cell lines, NIH3T3 and CRH cells) were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the function of rhNGF-beta, which was secreted from various cells infected with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, was evaluated using neuritogenesis of PC-12 cells. For in vivo evaluation of efficacy of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, the LNs of 8-week old rats were exposed and crush-injured with a small hemostat for 10 seconds. After the injury, $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus($2{\mu}l,\;1.5{\times}10^{11}pfu$) or saline was administered into the crushed site in the experimental (n=24) and the control group (n=24), respectively. Sham operation of another group of rats (n=9) was performed without administration of either saline or adenovirus. The taste recovery and the change of fungiform papilla were studied at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Each of the 6 animals was tested with different solutions (0.1M NaCl, 0.1M sucrose, 0.01M QHCl, or 0.01M HCl) by two-bottle test paradigm and the number of papilla was counted using SEM picture of tongue dorsum. LN was explored at the same interval as taste study and evaluated electro-physiologically (peak voltage and nerve conduction velocity) and histomorphometrically (axon count, myelin thickness). Results: The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying $rhNGF-{\beta}$ was constructed and confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis. GFP expression was observed in 90% of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells compared with uninfected cells. Total mRNA isolated from $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells showed strong RT-PCR band, however uninfected or LacZ recombinant adenovirus infected cells did not. NGF quantification by ELISA showed a maximal release of $18865.4{\pm}310.9pg/ml$ NGF at the 4th day and stably continued till 14 days by $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cells. PC-12 cells exposed to media with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cell revealed at the same level of neurite-extension as the commercial NGF did. $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus injected experimental groups in comparison to the control group exhibited different taste preference ratio. Salty, sweet and sour taste preference ratio were significantly different after 2 weeks from the beginning of the experiment, which were similar to the sham group, but not to the control group.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.67-87
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• 1984

대구직할시(大邱直轄市)에 소재(所在)한 5개 종합병원(綜合病院) 신경정신과(神經精神科)와 2개 개인(個人) 신경정신과의원(神經精神科醫院)의 외래(外來) 및 입원환자(入院患者) 가운데 18세에서 30세 사이 연령(年齡)의 정신분열증환자(精神分裂症患者) 293명(남자(男子) 161명, 여자(女子) 132명)과 신경증환자(神經症患者) 301명 (남자(男子) 164명, 여자(女子) 137명) 및 대구직할시(大邱直轄市)와 그 인근지역에 거주(居住)하는 일반주민(一般住民) 310명(남자(男子) 169명, 여자(女子) 141명)에서 수집(蒐集)한 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈의 내용(內容)을 성별(性別) 및 진단별(診斷別)로 집단(集團)간에 비교(比較)하였다. 이러한 목적(目的)을 위하여 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈을 동시(同時)에 평가하는데 적용할 수 있는 공격성(攻擊性)과 의존성척도(依存性尺度)를 새로 고안(考案)하였고 척도(尺度)의 신뢰도(信賴度) 검정과정(檢定過程)을 거쳐서 전 대상집단(對象集團)에 적용하였다. 성별(性別), 진단별(診斷別)로 각기 다른 집단(集團)간의 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈의 내용(內容)을 비교(比較)하여 얻은 성적(成績)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 최초기억(最初記憶)의 내용(內容)은 진단별(診斷別) 각(各) 집단(集團)간에 더 많은 차이를 보였고 꿈의 내용(內容)은 성별(性別) 각(各) 집단(集團) 간에 더 많은 차이를 보였다. 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈의 주제분포상(主題分布上) 어떤 집단(集團)에서나 공(共)히 공격성(攻擊性)보다 의존성주제(依存性主題)가 더 많았다. 또 공격성주제(攻擊性主題)는 최초기억(最初記憶)에서 보다 꿈에 더 많았다. 최초기억(最初記憶)의 주제분포상(主題分布上) 공격성주제(攻擊性主題)는 정신분열증군(精神分裂症群), 신경증군(神經症群), 대조군(對照群)의 순(順)으로 많았던 반면 의존성주제(依存性主題)는 이와 역순(逆順)이었다. 공격성주제중(攻擊性主題中) 피공격적(被攻擊的) 태도(態度)는 정신분열증군(精神分裂症群)에 많았다. 의존성주제중(依存性主題中) 관망적(觀望的) 태도(態度)는 신경증군(神經症群)에 많았고 만족적(滿足的) 태도(態度)는 대조군(對照群)에 많았다. 고도(高度)의 공격성(攻擊性)및 의존성주제(依存性主題)는 신경증군(神經症群)에 많았다. 꿈의 주제분포(主題分布)는 정신분열증군(精神分裂症群)의 남녀집단(男女集團) 간에 차이가 있었다. 즉 공격성주제중(攻擊性主題中) 적극적(積極的)이고 고도(高度)의 공격성(攻擊性)은 남자집단(男子集團)에, 그리고 의존성주제중(依存性主題中) 좌절적(挫折的) 태도(態度)는 여자집단(女子集團)에 많았다. 꿈의 주제분포(主題分布)상 의존성주제(依存性主題)의 관망적(觀望的) 태도(態度)는 각대상군(各對象群)의 여자집단(女子集團)에 더 많았고 만족적(滿足的) 태도(態度)는 남자집단(男子集團)에 더 많았다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.109-123
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• 1996

The study was designed to gain necessary basic data, in order to grasp the actual condition on personal hygiene of primary school students and to help school health education and child health education data development of parents of students, the survery was carried out through this reporter's interview for mothers who have primary school pupil in KyungBug area during the period of a month from 14 the April to 30 the April 1994. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. As for general characteristics, the percent of answer mothers with 30~34 years 44.9%, and the percent of answer mothers with 35~39 years was 37.6%, 14.6% of answer mother was 40 years and over. The most house types was apartment house, that is 64.8% and independence house was 18.9%, 13.7% of answer mothers was multivalent house residents. As for level of school career, the percent of high school was 64.2% and the percent of university was 20.5%, 10.1% of answer mothers was finishment of middle school. As for religion a lack of religion was 38.4% and a Buddhist was 36.8%, a christian was 13.4%, 10.4% of answer mothers was a catholic. As for jobs, the percent of office was 33.9%, specialist and expert skiller was 17.3%, self-management was 16.0%, fishing and agrarian villiages was 11.6%, public service personnel and shool personnel was 9.1%. As for the number of sons and daughters, the percent of two was 70.5%, the percent of one was 16.0%, and the percent of male students was 54.1%. As for level of economic life middle level was 59.9%. 2. The percentage of washing hand after school hours was 66.8% and not washing hand after school hours was 33.2%. In washing hand after school hours family of independence house, mothers that have schoolcareer of university, female students, three and over of sons and daughters was high individually (p<0.05). 3. As for paring one's nails, once a ten days was 52.9% once a five days was 22.5% once a fifteen days was 19.0%, once a twenty and over was 5.6%. 4. 54.7% of primary school students of answer mother's take a bath once a few days and 31.6% take a bath once a week, 10.1% take a bath once a tendays. 5. The percentage of changing of underwear once a day was 60.9%, once a few days was 37.1%, once a week was 2.0%, as for changing of underwear, sons and daughters that has mothers with 29 years and downward, one number of sons and daughters, females students was high individually (p<0.01). 6. The percentage of haircut once a 20~30 days was 59.9%, once a 31~40 days was 17.9%, once a 40 days and over was 16.6%. As for the percentage of haircut once a 20~30 days apartment house residents, male students was high (p<0.01). 7. The percentage of experience in taking nutrition was 79.8% and the percentage of experience in taking restorative was 72.3%. As for taking nutrition, apartment house residents, one number of sons and daughters, male students was high individually (p<0.01). As for taking restorative apartment house residents, on number of sons and daughters, male students was high individually (p<0.05). 8. The percentage of habit of unbalanced diet was 44.0%, sons and daughters that have mother with 40 years and over apartment house residents, male students, one number of sons and daughters was high indivdually (p<0.05). 9. As for hygiene condition of sons and daughters, the percentage of good state of health was 65.2%, middle state of health was 3.5% bad state of health was 11.4%. In good state of health sons and daughters that have mothers with 29 years and downward, multivalent house residents, three numbers of sons and daughters, female students, high birth was high individually. 10. As for fattness of sons and daughters, existence was 18.2%. No existence was 81.8%. in existence sons and daughters who have mothers with 40 years and downward, independence house resident, special job and expert skill job, three and over number of sons and daughters, female students, low birth was high individually. 11. As for use aspect of medical facilities of sons and daughters, hospital doctors was 53.1%, drugstore was 42.3%, chinese medicine hospitals or health organization was 4.6%. In usage of drugstore, sons and daughters of mothers with 29 years, 40 years and over was 55.6%, 61.4% individully, inusage of hospital doctors 30~34 years, 34~39 tears was 64.5%, 49.1% individully (p<0.01), apartment house residents, one or two numbers of sons and daughters, male students was high individually. In the percentage of using drugstore, school career of middle school and downward, in occupation, three and over numbers of sons and daughters, low birth was high individually (p<0.05). According to the results mentioned above. An actual condition and a related matters on personal hygiene of primary school students must be used as the basis data of a health education program and a health data of a health education program and a health data related, a teaching materials development and must be helped to the health life education of parents of students and childs.