The Content Analysis of the Earliest Memories and Dreams of Psychiatric Disorders

정신질환자(精神疾患者)의 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈의 내용분석(內容分析)

The earliest memories and dreams have been investigated in many aspects; biological, psychological, statistical, and psychotherapeutic, in psychiatric field. The approach methods to these psychic contents are innumerable according to the schools, the collector's attitudes to these materials, the collecting methods and the variable factors of the reporter. In this study the author attempted to compare the distribution of the aggression and dependency themes in these psychic contents among groups of different sexes and clinical diagnoses. In this purpose the author devised new scales, the Aggression and the Dependency Scales for the earliest memories and dreams which are composed of 12-theme classes, according to 3 aspects of the ego attitudes and 4 degrees of the intensity of drives. The scales were tested on a series of the earliest memories and dreams from 100 male medical students by two raters. The interrater reliabilities, measured by kappa method, were all significant at better than the .001 level. The author collected the reports of the earliest memories and dreams from 293 schizophrenics (161 males and 132 females) and 301 neurotics (164 males and 137 females) who were either outpatients or inpatients of 5 general hospitals and 2 private neurospychiatric clinics and from 310 controls (169 males and 141 females) who were either students, housewives or employees in Taegu area during the periods from March to August, 1980 and from April to August, 1983. The author compared the contents of the earliest memories and dreams from these 3 clinical groups on the newly devised scales and the results could be summarized as follows: In general, the contents of the earliest memories showed more differences among diagnostically different groups, while the contents of dreams showed more differences among sexually different groups. The dependency themes were more frequent than the aggression thems in all groups. The aggression themes were more frequent in dreams than in the earliest memories. Of the earliest memory themes, the distribution of the aggression themes was different among clinical groups, i.e., most frequent in schizophrenics, next in neurotics, and least in controls. The distribution of the dependency themes was in reverse order. Attitudes of being attacked were more frequent in schizophrenics. Observing attitudes of dependency need were more frequent in neurotics while gratifying attitudes were more frequent in controls. Highest degrees of aggression and delpendency were more frequent in neurotics. In the distribution of the dream themes, there were some differences among male and female schizophrenics. Aggression themes, especially active and the highest degree of aggression, were more frequent in male sclizophrenics, while dependency themes, especially frustrated themes, were more frequent in female schizophrenics. Among 3 clinical groups, observing attitudes of dependency need were more frequent in female groups, while gratifying attitudes were more frequent in male groups.

대구직할시(大邱直轄市)에 소재(所在)한 5개 종합병원(綜合病院) 신경정신과(神經精神科)와 2개 개인(個人) 신경정신과의원(神經精神科醫院)의 외래(外來) 및 입원환자(入院患者) 가운데 18세에서 30세 사이 연령(年齡)의 정신분열증환자(精神分裂症患者) 293명(남자(男子) 161명, 여자(女子) 132명)과 신경증환자(神經症患者) 301명 (남자(男子) 164명, 여자(女子) 137명) 및 대구직할시(大邱直轄市)와 그 인근지역에 거주(居住)하는 일반주민(一般住民) 310명(남자(男子) 169명, 여자(女子) 141명)에서 수집(蒐集)한 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈의 내용(內容)을 성별(性別) 및 진단별(診斷別)로 집단(集團)간에 비교(比較)하였다. 이러한 목적(目的)을 위하여 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈을 동시(同時)에 평가하는데 적용할 수 있는 공격성(攻擊性)과 의존성척도(依存性尺度)를 새로 고안(考案)하였고 척도(尺度)의 신뢰도(信賴度) 검정과정(檢定過程)을 거쳐서 전 대상집단(對象集團)에 적용하였다. 성별(性別), 진단별(診斷別)로 각기 다른 집단(集團)간의 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈의 내용(內容)을 비교(比較)하여 얻은 성적(成績)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 최초기억(最初記憶)의 내용(內容)은 진단별(診斷別) 각(各) 집단(集團)간에 더 많은 차이를 보였고 꿈의 내용(內容)은 성별(性別) 각(各) 집단(集團) 간에 더 많은 차이를 보였다. 최초기억(最初記憶)과 꿈의 주제분포상(主題分布上) 어떤 집단(集團)에서나 공(共)히 공격성(攻擊性)보다 의존성주제(依存性主題)가 더 많았다. 또 공격성주제(攻擊性主題)는 최초기억(最初記憶)에서 보다 꿈에 더 많았다. 최초기억(最初記憶)의 주제분포상(主題分布上) 공격성주제(攻擊性主題)는 정신분열증군(精神分裂症群), 신경증군(神經症群), 대조군(對照群)의 순(順)으로 많았던 반면 의존성주제(依存性主題)는 이와 역순(逆順)이었다. 공격성주제중(攻擊性主題中) 피공격적(被攻擊的) 태도(態度)는 정신분열증군(精神分裂症群)에 많았다. 의존성주제중(依存性主題中) 관망적(觀望的) 태도(態度)는 신경증군(神經症群)에 많았고 만족적(滿足的) 태도(態度)는 대조군(對照群)에 많았다. 고도(高度)의 공격성(攻擊性)및 의존성주제(依存性主題)는 신경증군(神經症群)에 많았다. 꿈의 주제분포(主題分布)는 정신분열증군(精神分裂症群)의 남녀집단(男女集團) 간에 차이가 있었다. 즉 공격성주제중(攻擊性主題中) 적극적(積極的)이고 고도(高度)의 공격성(攻擊性)은 남자집단(男子集團)에, 그리고 의존성주제중(依存性主題中) 좌절적(挫折的) 태도(態度)는 여자집단(女子集團)에 많았다. 꿈의 주제분포(主題分布)상 의존성주제(依存性主題)의 관망적(觀望的) 태도(態度)는 각대상군(各對象群)의 여자집단(女子集團)에 더 많았고 만족적(滿足的) 태도(態度)는 남자집단(男子集團)에 더 많았다.