• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2018

Purpose: Bone marrow has long been a source of primary cells. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of age and sex on the cellular viability and expression of stem cell markers of mRNA and on the protein expression of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) derived from healthy donors. Materials and Methods: Stem cells were isolated from human bone marrow and plated in culture plates. The shape of the BMSCs was observed under inverted microscope. Quantitative cellular viability was evaluated using a Cell-Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression of stem cell surface markers was tested and a series of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot was performed to evaluate the expression in each group. Result: The shapes of the cells at 20s, 30s, and 50s were similar to each other. No significant changes in cellular viability were noted among different age groups or sex groups. The BMSCs expressed CD44, CD73, and CD90 surface markers but did not express CD14 and CD34. There were no noticeable differences in CD surface markers among the different age groups. The expressions of CD surface markers were similar between men and women. No significant differences in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) were noted at Day 3 between different age groups. qRT-PCR regarding the expression showed differences between the age groups. However, Western blot analysis showed a decrease in expression but did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study clearly showed no significant differences in shape, cell viability, expression of stem cell surface markers, or secretion of human VEGF among different age groups. However, western blot analysis showed a tendency of age-related decrease which did not reach statistical significance. Collectively, autologous or allogeneic BMSCs should be meticulously applied to obtain optimal results regarding age and sex.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2000

Due to the explosive growth of the internet, terminology like "information society" and "virtual space" is frequently used, but often in a confusing manner. Some Social theorists and many people are fascinated by "information" and "media" as key characteristics of the contemporary world and rely on the unproven opinion that "Knowledge is a source of value and information moves the world". In this regard, Boudllian defines contemporary culture as a culture of signs and insists that we are surrounded by signs and forms of meaning. There isn't anything behind the signs but signs only exsist, so we cannot escaped from its inauthenticity and consider it improper to insist on it. If people can understand that signs are just simulation of reality, that would be alright. But in fact anything cannot be alright.In this matter Boudllian's conclusion is that we produce images in bulk which are not worthy seeing. Today we reach the conclusion that most images are the letter(character) image itself which shows nothing special.Consequently, this kind of world is a postmodern-world that seems meaningless but has signs to experience and enjoy, many examples of which are shown in the media, such as the internet. We can get to the conclusion that the audience neither sees nor hears anything, but they just can experience many interesting things which characterize the present age. The purpose of this research is to help you to understand current design philosophy and the direction of media while considering both a positive social phenomenon about the new design paradigm of information and media, as well as critical thinking about it.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.51
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• pp.117-135
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• 2010

The regulation of media concentration which is provided in the German Interstate Treaty on Broadcasting (RStV) is part of the rules forming the "positive broadcasting order" required by German Constitutional Law. This control ensures that the diversity of viewpoints can be articulated to the public. Broadcasting must operate independently from the state and from particular social groups if it is to be a genuine service to the public. One risk of economic competition in the media is a tendency towards the concentration of business enterprises. Moreover, economic competition is no guarantee for journalistic diversity. The aim of balanced diversity in the broadcasting sector can only be pursued by creating conditions under which different voices obtain the chance to be heard in an equitable manner. Within the framework of the meaning of section 26, it shall be assumed that there is a predominant impact on public opinion if the programs attributable to one company reach an annual audience share of 30 percent. The same shall apply if the company reaches an audience share of 25 percent and holds a dominant position in a related media-market or an overall assessment of its activities in television. The restriction of audience shares has limits such as that the audience shares of news programs and education and entertainment programs are pooled. Therefore, there is a vagueness about the productivity of different program branches.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.432-445
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• 2021

Background: The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals' Targeted Risk Assessment (ECETOC TRA) tool has been recognized by EU REACH as a preferred approach for calculating worker health risks from chemicals. Objectives: The applicability of the ECETOC TRA to occupational exposure estimation from industrial uses of methanol was studied by inputting surveyed and varied parameters for TRA estimation as well as through comparison with measured data. Methods: Information on uses of methanol was collected from seven working environment monitoring reports along with the measured exposure data. Input parameters for TRA estimation such as operating conditions (OCs), risk management measures (RMMs) and process categories (PROCs) were surveyed. To compare with measured exposures, parameters from the surveyed conditions of ventilation but no use of respiratory protection were applied. Results: PROCs 4, 5, 8a, 10, and 15 were assigned to ten uses of methanol. The uses include as a solvent for manufacturing sun cream, surfactants, dyestuffs, films and adhesives. Methanol was also used as a component in a release agent, hardening media and mold wash for cast products as well as a component of hard-coating solution and a viscosity-controlling agent for manufacturing glass lenses. PROC 8a and PROC 10 of a cast product manufacturer without LEV (local exhaust ventilation) and general ventilation as well as no respiratory protection resulted in the highest exposure to methanol. Assuming the identical worst OCs and RMMs for all uses, exposures from PROC 5, 8a, and 10 were the same and the highest followed by PROC 4 and 15. The estimation resulted in higher exposures in nine uses except one use where measured exposure approximated exposures without RMMs. Conclusions: The role of ECETOC TRA as a conservative exposure assessment tool was confirmed by comparison with measured data. Moreover, it can guide which RMMs should be applied for the safe use of methanol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1686-1692
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• 2009

Garlic oil (GAR, Allium sativum L.) has been studied as a feed additive to improve animal production performance and decrease methane emission in ruminants. The present study was designed to determine the possible effect of GAR on fatty acid composition and accumulation in animal fat tissue using a cell model. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at $2{\times}10^{4}\;mL^{-1}$ were seeded to 24-well plates and allowed to proliferate to reach confluence. The cells were then treated with media containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 $\mu{g}$ $mL^{-1}$ of GAR during the differentiation period for 8 days. Media containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin was applied during the first 2 days of the early differentiation period. On day 8 sub-sets of the wells were stained with oil red-O and the remaining cells were harvested for determination of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.8] (GPDH) activity (n = 6) and cellular fatty acid concentration (n = 6). It was found that supplementation of GAR increased (p<0.05) the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids in the adipocytes and showed inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the post-confluent proliferation. With relative low dosage, GAR (5-20 $\mu{g}$ $mL^{-1}$) increased (p<0.05) the GPDH activity without affecting the cellular fatty acid concentration, while a high dosage (40 $\mu{g}$ $mL^{-1}$) inhibited (p<0.05) fatty acid accumulation and decreased GPDH activity. Supplementation of GAR had an effect on cell post-confluent proliferation, differentiation and fatty acid accumulation. However, the effect may be diverse and depends on the dose applied.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2010

Developments and changes in digital environment based on computer technologies and internet networks enabled us interactive communication for planning and execution through the freedom of 'connection', 'sharing', and 'conversion'. The subject of this study, interactive commercial, might be the core of success based on creation which stems from communication design, revolution in design and technology, and conversion. Communication in modern economy is not optional, but essential. Furthermore, like evolution process up to Augmented Reality from developments of mobile communication technology, or concept in paradigm change, digital interactive commercial means the core of success, not a part of it. Therefore, in order to achieve success in the global competition structure, mobile communication design, revolution, and creation which produce added value shall be working as a base. In order to reach effective communication process performance of interactive commercial media, this study would like to propose building a media commercial system which is realized by human senses. Using this, standardized methods for interactive commercial which can be used together with augmented reality based on digital technology, and for using digital robot contents are available, along with methodology system of their use. In addition, the ultimate goal of this study aims to discover new factors through reorganization of precedent analysis and adaptation based on academic achievement and practical application. And thus, it wants to contribute to practical use of interactive commercial out of augmented reality-based communication in which technology, marketing, and design are integrated to be used in real sense.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

We present a new interactive technique for directing the motion sequences of an animated character by dragging its specific body part to a desired location in the three-dimensional virtual environment via a hand motion tracking device. The motion sequences of our character is synthesized by reordering subsequences of captured motion data based on a well-known graph representation. For each new input location, our system samples the space of possible future states by unrolling the graph into a spatial search tree, and retrieves one of the states at which the dragged body part of the character gets closer to the input location. We minimize the difference between each pair of successively retrieved states, so that the user is able to anticipate which states will be found by varying the input location, and resultantly, to quickly reach the desired states. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated through experiments with breakdance, boxing, and basketball motion data.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the source, length, number of views, and content of the most widely viewed Zika virus (ZIKV)-related YouTube videos. We hypothesized that ZIKV-related videos uploaded by different sources contained different content. Methods: The 100 most viewed English ZIKV-related videos were manually coded and analyzed statistically. Results: Among the 100 videos, there were 43 consumer-generated videos, 38 Internet-based news videos, 15 TV-based news videos, and 4 professional videos. Internet news sources captured over two-thirds of the total of 8 894 505 views. Compared with consumer-generated videos, Internet-based news videos were more likely to mention the impact of ZIKV on babies (odds ratio [OR], 6.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 23.76), the number of cases in Latin America (OR, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.47 to 21.52); and ZIKV in Africa (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.04 to 6.31). Compared with consumer-generated videos, TV-based news videos were more likely to express anxiety or fear of catching ZIKV (OR, 6.67; 95% CI, 1.36 to 32.70); to highlight fear of ZIKV among members of the public (OR, 7.45; 95% CI, 1.20 to 46.16); and to discuss avoiding pregnancy (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.13 to 13.25). Conclusions: Public health agencies should establish a larger presence on YouTube to reach more people with evidence-based information about ZIKV.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-213
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• 2010

The importance of communication which is oriented to interaction, fusion and connection is more increased in the post-information society. The information environment is already realized as interface to reach immediately and freely to the databased information and knowledge. The contemporary libraries execute very important roles as an intellectual infra of modern times to deliver the great human achievement and create new culture. In the mean time, the rapid information-oriented society and the development of digital technology bring out big change in the traditional dispatch and receipt method of information. For this reason, libraries as the community space of visitors integrates physical space - electronic space and reconstructs new temporary culture and value to build the new interface that connects human to human, human to space and human to information. On the premise of these awareness, this study analysis the creative interface factor of Tama Art University New Libraries in Ito Toyo in order to research the function and the application method of modern libraries. And the results are follows. 1)We can make sure the significance of communication and the integration consciousness between digital technology and analogue sensitivity that is the characteristic of the post-information society. 2)We can classify for the creative interface factors by the character as space factor(Arcade, Gallery, Lounge, AV Booth, Cafe), facility/equipment factor(Laboratory, Media, Bar, Info Shelf, Media Seat) and furniture factor(Carrel, Desk, Mag Table, XI Shelf). 3)We can see that these interface factors change the stream of library users and that the library is constructed for library users to create and discovery something easily from books and modern technologies. And we can realize also that these factors are creative installation to lead out naturally the latent liberty sense of users.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1986

The nitrofen adsorption on several clay minerals was determined by sludge method to know the effect of clay minerals on the nitrofen activity. The bioassay was conducted with wheat seedlings to study the influence of the adsorbed nitrofen on the nitrofen activity. It is apparant that a four hours shaking was enough to reach the equilibrium concentration. The more the amount of sample, the more nitrofen was adsorbed by clay minerals, whereas the more nitrofen adsorption per unit gram of sample was observed at a 200 mg addition than a 400 mg in the same nitrofen solution. A little amount of nitrofen was adsorbed on Ca-zeolite or Ca-kaolinte, and much more nitrofen was adsorbed on Na-montmorillonite than the other clay minerals in the experiment. Little effect of pH on the adsorption would be attributed to physical adsorption between nitrofen molecule and clay surface. Na-and Ca-montmorillonite were the most effective in reducing the phytotoxicity of nitrofen to the growth of wheat seedlings among clay minerals which nitrofen was added to the growth media.