• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1606-1611
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• 2008

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) expressed in the Gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella play multiple functions including material transports, adhesive factors and reception of external signals. This study has been focused on an OmpW protein known as a protein required to form a hydrophobic porin in outer membrane. We have constructed a S. typhimurium CK10 mutant deleting an ompW gene on chromosome. The CK10 strain was more tolerant to SDS than the wild-type strain did. As increase of salt concentration in the culture media, significantly decreased amount of OmpW protein in cells were detected. The maximum OmpW protein was expressed in the absence of salt supplement. However, the growth of CK10 strain was indistinguishable compared to that of the wild-type strain at the variable osmotic conditions. The biological role of differential OmpW expression in response to osmotic conditions remains to be investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.209-215
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to grasp the overall policy decision system of sex crime prevention policy and analyze the interaction and pattern of actors in policy formation process. This is a useful way to identify the causes and ways to improve the policy if the sex crime prevention policy fails. As a research method, we used a model of advocacy through case analysis and language network analysis. In the external environment, low reporting of sex offenses, technical improvement and supplement for preventive management, consciousness of victims of sexual crimes, amendment of legislation, and support of the president. The conflicts between the advocacy coalition opposed the strong regulation, the prevention of recidivism, the expansion of the range of objects to be worn, the temporary effect of the system and the retrospective of the bill. As a problem-solving strategy, it was confirmed that the opposing positions of pros and cons of lack of manpower and negligence of management through the extension of the system were acutely opposed. In the context of media reports, this tendency is more likely to be understood as the concern of prevention and management at the central government level to prevent sex crimes. Therefore, although the methods of prevention of sex crimes have been insufficient in the past, it is hoped that this study will be helpful in breaking the link of negative policy vicious cycle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3213-3222
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• 2016

Background: Methyl donor status influences DNA stability and DNA methylation although little is known about effects on DNA methyltransferases. The aim of this study was to determine whether methyl-donor status influences DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) gene expression in cervical cancer cells, and if so, whether there are associated effects on global DNA methylation. Materials and Methods: The human cervical cancer cell line, C4-II, was grown in complete medium and medium depleted of folate (F-M+) and folate and methionine (F-M-). Growth rate, intracellular folate, intracellular methionine and homocysteine in the extracellular medium were measured to validate the cancer cell model of methyl donor depletion. Dnmt expression was measured by qRT-PCR using relative quantification and global DNA methylation was measured using a flow cytometric method. Results: Intracellular folate and methionine concentrations were significantly reduced after growth in depleted media. Growth rate was also reduced in response to methyl donor depletion. Extracellular homocysteine was raised compared with controls, indicating disturbance to the methyl cycle. Combined folate and methionine depletion led to a significant down-regulation of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b; this was associated with an 18% reduction in global DNA methylation compared with controls. Effects of folate and methionine depletion on Dnmt3a and 3b expression were reversed by transferring depleted cells to complete medium. Conclusions: Methyl donor status can evidently influence expression of Dnmts in cervical cancer cells, which is associated with DNA global hypomethylation. Effects on Dnmt expression are reversible, suggesting reversible modulating effects of dietary methyl donor intake on gene expression, which may be relevant for cancer progression.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.149-164
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• 2014

The laws and policies governing Korea's game regulations are becoming more and more topics for debate as we enter the Age of Internet. The nature of the basis for Internet regulations and policies are not rooted in freedom of speech or fundamental values of democracy, but rather focused on solving real-world problems such as protection of the youth. Furthermore, the reality is that regulatory devices for keeping the social order such as regulating gambling are being applied directly to games without consideration on the characteristics of Internet gaming, raising concerns that the expansion of constitutional values and innovative empowerment inherent to the Internet are being weakened. The Geun-Hye Park Administration which succeeded Myung-Bak Lee's Administration, even went so far as to implement the so-called "Shutdown Policy", which prohibits access to Internet games during pre-defined time zones and also instigated a time zone selection rule. In order to curb the gambling nature of Internet games, government-led policies such as the mandatory personal identification and prohibition of player selection or in other words mandatory random player selection are being implemented. These institutions can inhibit freedom of speech, which is the basis of democracy, violate the right of equality through unreasonable discrimination between domestic and foreign service providers, and infringe upon the principles of administrative law, such as laws, due process in policies, and balance in among policies and governmental bodies. Going forward, if Korea's Internet game regulations and polices is to develop in a rational manner, regulatory frameworks will need to be designed to protect the nature of the Internet and its innovative values that enable the realization of constitutional values; for example, the Internet acting as the "catalytic media for freedom of expression as a fundamental human right ", which has already been acknowledged by the Korea's Constitutional Court. At the same time, transparent procedures should be put into place that will allow diverse participation of stakeholders including game service providers, game users, the youth and parents in the legislation and enforcement process of regulatory institutions; policies will also need to be transformed to enable not only regulatory laws but also self-regulation system to be established. And in this process, scientific and empirical analysis on the expected effects before introducing regulations and the results of enforcing regulations after being introduced will need to be strengthened.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2009

Vinyl chloride (VC) is a known human carcinogen, and it is released to multi-environmental media via several exposure routes. VC was potentially evaluated as a water quality pollutant based on human health risk assessment in Korean water environments. In this study, we investigated physicochemical and toxicological properties of VC, human health and ecological risk assessment, and the regulation of VC as a water quality pollutant in developed countries. Currently there are no standard or guideline values of VC in Korean legal system for the protection of human health and aquatic ecosystem, except that it is designated as a specific toxic substance and a water quality pollutant. Human health risk assessment of VC was previously performed based on the limited water quality monitoring data. The monitoring level of VC in Korean water system is more higher than other countries'. VC was assessed as potential hazardous chemical based on the US EPA's cancer risk assessment. There were a few ecotoxicity data of VC available using very limited kinds of aquatic organisms, and the toxicity results obtained seem to be overestimated without considering the losses of VC in open exposure system. Therefore it is needed to monitor the VC in various areas and to carry out the ecotoxicity research using multi-level organisms. We expect that these results can be useful information for implementing VC as a water quality pollutant in legal system for the protection of human health and aquatic ecosystem in near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1309-1321
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• 2008

Military style is not limited to a single period but represents various image communications related to items, synthetic images and different periodical culture backgrounds. The purpose of this study is to define the communicational function of the military style beginning from the 1st world war up to the modern days, and furthermore explain the characteristics and contents of military styles in different periods by studying the nowadays various symbols of the military style in denotative and connotative aspects. The research method is documentary studies through the literature and academic paper, and examined masters' and doctors' thesis, domestic and overseas books and fashion magazines, photographs and materials collected from the internet. As a result, first, the military style is a significant fashion code in understanding modern fashion by serving as a strong communication function representing people’s ritual through various image items called the 'military look'. Second, the meaning of the image communication through military look changed throughout the different periods. During the 1st and 2nd World war the military look supported Fascism by serving as a media representing extreme patriotism and at the same time social images like functionalism, women liberation, regulation and saving. During the cold war period it was used by young progressives like hippies and punks to send an opposing message towards war and commercialism. Since then up to the 80s it was a medium representing the ‘new role of women’, who possess same social rights and power as the men. However in the 90s the military style had to go through a paradigm transition period. Since this period it got affected by the post modernism and designers, consumers alike adopted military style to create unique beauty It can also be said that it began to be used as a pure fashion code representing intertextuality. It was rather expressed as a metonymy than a metaphor and combined with elegance and feminine factor, which contrasts to the original military concept, it now represents totally new hybrids such as difference, dissemination and varieties.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 2014

According to proliferation of smartphones and extension of various services utilizing location information, markets of Location Based Service(LBS) have been activating all over the world. However, as the privacy violations of personal location information have been continuously increased, interests in the deregulation have been grown as well. While the regulations of location information can protect personal information and privacy, it causes some negative affect in terms of development of diverse services and industry activation. In particular, Korea is the only country that has applied strict restrictions of LBS by making location information related independent 'Location Information Protection Act'. As a result of this, the issues that LBS industry has no longer developed in Korea and it is necessary for us to relax the regulations have been consistently raised. Thus, this study confirmed that there was the negative(-) relationship between the regulations and the market activation of LBS by comparing and analyzing the correlation between the market growth rate of LBS and relevant regulations at home and abroad; the regulations are strengthened, restrictions in market entry and the business performance can occur. In other words, LBS business will be able to be activated if the regulations which have not directly related to the privacy have been relaxed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.361-365
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• 2001

The effects of purine catabolites in growth media on the biosynthesis of Serratia marcescens and Lactobacillus plantarum purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity were examined. Serratia PNP activity was decreased approximately by 30% in the presence of high concentrations of inosine $(5{\sim}15\;mM)$, but was not affected at low concentrations of inosine $(0.1{\sim}1\;mM)$. However, Lactobacillus PNP activity was increased above 60% by inosine among the range from 5 to 15 mM. Serratia PNP activity was decreased approximately by 45% in the presence of high concentrations of hypoxanthine $(5{\sim}15\;mM)$, but was not affected at low concentrations of hypoxanthine $(0.1{\sim}0.5\;mM)$. Lactobacillus PNP activity was increased approximately by 20% in the presence of low concentrations of hypoxanthine $(0.1{\sim}0.5\;mM)$, and increased approximately by $50{\sim}65%$ in the presence of concentrations of hypoxanthine $(1{\sim}15\;mM)$. Serratia and Lactobacillus PNP activity was increased 20% by low concentrations of uric acid (0.5 mM), but was decreased $40{\sim}80%$ at high concentrations of same purine catabolite $(10{\sim}15\;mM)$. These data suggest that purine nucleoside phosphorylase in Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 is positively regulated by a low uric acid concentration, and then may play a regulatory role in a purine nucleotide catabolic pathway.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.321-333
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• 2022

In this study, the concentration and distribution characteristics of BTEX (benzene toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) emitted from Daesan Petrochemical Industrial Complex were examined to determine their potential hazards to local residents. Residents living nearby the complex areas may be exposed to the chemicals through various media (air, water, and soil), especially by air. This study evaluated human health risks by inhalation using both deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment approaches. As a result of the deterministic risk assessment, the non-cancer risk was much lower than the regulation limit of hazard index (HI 1.0) for all the points. However, in case of cancer risk evaluation, it was found that the risk of excess cancer for benzene at point A located in the industrial complex was 2.28×10^-6, which slightly exceeded the standard regulatory limit of 1.0×10^-6. In addition, the probabilistic risk assessment revealed that the percentile exceeding the standard of 1.0×10^-6was found to be 45.3%. The sensitivity analysis showed that exposure time (ET) had the greatest impact on the results. Based on the risk assessment study, it implied that ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene had little adverse effects on potential human exposure, but benzene often exceeded the cancer risk standard (1.0×10^-6). Further studies on extensive VOCs monitoring are needed to evaluate the potential risks of industrial complex areas.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.26-42
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• 2022

In order to evaluate the usefulness of metaverse learning from the learner's point of view, this study 1) evaluated whether the expectancy-value of the class was satisfied before and after the learner used the metaverse learning platform and 2) verified factors affecting metaverse learning satisfaction with regard to the self-efficacy and expectancy-value of learners. Expectancy-value was evaluated by the learning effect, communication, class involvement, and learning attitude, whereas self-efficacy was evaluated by preference for task difficulty, self-regulation efficacy, and self-confidence. As a result of a study targeting 70 college students who applied for a few courses using the metaverse platform at a university in the northeastern part of Seoul, learners were found to have high expectations and values for learning before using the metaverse platform, but both were not statistically satisfied after use. In addition, the higher the self-efficacy of the learner, the higher the satisfaction with the metaverse learning, and statistically significant results were found in the task-difficulty preference and self-regulatory efficacy among the sub-factors of self-efficacy. There is a negative causal relationship between expectancy-value factors and satisfaction with metaverse learning. This study implies that it is a learner-centered evaluation of metaverse learning, revealing the expectancy-value effect and factors influencing the satisfaction with metaverse learning.