• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2023

This study examines the effects of data-driven learning (DDL)-an approach employing corpora for inductive language pattern learning-on error identification in second language (L2) writing. The data consists of error identification instances from fifty-five participants, compared across different reference materials: the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), dictionaries, and no use of reference materials. There are three significant findings. First, the use of COCA effectively identified collocational and form-related errors due to inductive inference drawn from multiple example sentences. Secondly, dictionaries were beneficial for identifying lexical errors, where providing meaning information was helpful. Finally, the participants often employed a strategic approach, identifying many simple errors without reference materials. However, while maximizing error identification, this strategy also led to mislabeling correct expressions as errors. The author has concluded that the strategic selection of reference materials can significantly enhance the effectiveness of error identification in L2 writing. The use of a corpus offers advantages such as easy access to target phrases and frequency information-features especially useful given that most errors were collocational and form-related. The findings suggest that teachers should guide learners to effectively use appropriate reference materials to identify errors based on error types.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.109-132
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study is to explore effective ways of teaching English grammar, which is geared toward improving students' communicative competence. Grammatical competence is essential to communicative competence. Grammatical knowledge cannot be acquired unconsciously in an EFL environment such as in Korea. Therefore learners should be given grammar instruction. More importantly, they should be instructed in grammar so that they can develop their grammatical abilities which are the foundation of communicative competence. The following is proposed for the grammar instruction placing the focus on improving communicative competence. First, it is effective to explain the form, meaning and pragmatics of a grammatical rule to learners in Korean. Second, learners should be given instruction in grammatical patterns that deals with constructions and meanings together, which can enable them to produce sentences by themselves. Third, it should be taught to understand constructions and meanings on the basis of word orders. Then the following steps of grammar instruction are suggested. In the first step of grammatical instruction, students should be provided with the illustrations of grammatical structures which link communicative functions and grammar. In the second step, learners should be gotten to practice grammatical constructions repeatedly enough to use them unconsciously. Lastly, communicative activities such as description and role plays should be included in grammar instruction to integrate grammar practice and communicative language use.

• Language and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-153
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• 2015

Negative expressions have their semantic function of classical negation as a pure reverser of truth-values. They also have various kin and foes of their pragmatic functions such as association of bad feelings (Russell 1948), emphasis/attenuation by negative polarity items, sarcasm, and metalinguistic negation (MN). This paper explores how MN and descriptive negation (DN) differ and whether the difference creates pragmatic ambiguity (Horn 1987) or reflects merely contextual variations of one logical negation (Carston 1996). To test the debate, this paper treats certain degree modifiers licensed exclusively by MN as in Mia-ka POTHONG/Yekan yeppu-n key an-i-a [external neg] (vs. modifier NPIs like cenhye 'at all', licensed only by DN) and contrasts them with bad utterances of the MN modifiers in [short form neg] sentences (not for MN) such as Mia-ka POTHONG an yeppu-e. The ERP results of the well-formed vs. ill-formed conditions evoked the N400 at Cz in written stimuli and the N400 near the center on both hemispheres in spoken stimuli. The results suggest that the anomalies are meaning-related and tend to support the pragmatic ambiguity.

• Language and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-107
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• 2015

This paper explores the 1st person restrictions on the evidential -te, focusing on the cases where it appears with the speaker-oriented psych-predicates in Korean. It has been widely discussed that the 1st person restriction can be freely circumvented when -te is used with the speaker-oriented psych-predicates. However, based on the novel observation that such an obviation can be varied with respect to the types of the subordinate clauses which modify the evidential sentences, we propose that the 1st person restriction should be explained in terms of the situation-based felicity condition of -te, as discussed in Lim (2014): it arises if the situation where the speaker acquires evidence cannot be the same as, or be included by, the situation where the prejacent is true. To show this, we discuss how the meaning of the speaker-oriented psych-predicates interacts with the felicity condition of -te, and how this interaction makes the distinctive obviation environments of the 1st person restriction on -te, unlike other types of predicates.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the meaning units of the teaching experience of Tai Chi instructor with nursing background, consequently to expand areas where nurses can work. Methods: Participants were four nurses who have worked as Tai Chi instructors for 5 to 8 years. An in-depth interview was conducted from June, 2010 to February, 2011. Each interview took 40 min to 4 hours. The data were analyzed with qualitative content analysis, by repeatedly listening to the tapes and reading the transcription to find the emerged meaningful words, phrases, and sentences. Results: Through the content analysis, 19 theme clusters were emerged and grouped together into seven categories: 'establishing my identity as an instructor', 'enjoying myself practicing Tai Chi', 'being confident about teaching Tai Chi with nursing background', 'exploring better ways to teach and motivate the class', 'feeling good about helping people to be healthy', 'accepting teaching Tai Chi as a lifetime job', 'contributing to health promotion with Tai Chi." Conclusion: Teaching and helping others to promote health were parts of nursing. Tai Chi can be used to promote health in the low-income population with limited access to health care system.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

Constructionists believe that mathematical knowledge is obtained by a series of purely mental constructions, with all mathematical objects existing only in the mind of the mathematician. But constructivism runs the risk of rejecting the classical laws of logic, especially the principle of bivalence and L. E. M.(Law of the Excluded Middle). This philosophy of mathematics also does not take into account the external world, and when it is taken to extremes it can mean that there is no possibility of communication from one mind to another. Two constructionists, Brouwer and Dummett, are common in rejecting the L. E. M. as a basic law of logic. As indicated by Dummett, those who first realized that rejecting realism entailed rejecting classical logic were the intuitionists of the school of Brouwer. However for Dummett, the debate between realists and antirealists is in fact a debate about semantics - about how language gets its meaning. This difference of initial viewpoints between the two constructionists makes Brouwer the intuitionist and Dummettthe the semantic anti-realist. This paper is confined to show that Dummett's proposal in favor of intuitionism differs from that of Brouwer. Brouwer's intuitionism maintained that the meaning of a mathematical sentence is essentially private and incommunicable. In contrast, Dummett's semantic anti-realism argument stresses the public and communicable character of the meaning of mathematical sentences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.650-660
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• 2017

This study aims to research the indication way and contents description of grammar presented in Korean textbooks. Therefore we examine the common elements of grammar in four Korean textbooks and the transcription, notation methods and meaning descriptions the books use to present grammar items. After analyzing Korean textbooks for the beginner level, we found just 20 similar items among a total of 100-150 grammar items. Advanced researches required to examine the selection and classification of grammatical items in Korean education. The results show that it used as the same name "grammar" expressed in Korean textbooks compared to using different names in the past. We consider that just 20 grammar items are the same because the range of grammar items in every textbook is different including vocabulary, sentences etc. The study found that grammar items are expressed differently in the type of indication way, order of arrangement, and marks. We suggest that it is better to indicate the style of representation used in grammar items because an additional problem such as type of indication way, order of arrangement is removed by doing so. The study also found grammar items are expressed differently in the meaning description and grammar range of explanation of Korean textbooks. This study suggests that morphological information, restriction information and meaning should be described at a basic level. This study allows us to consider the indication way and contents description of grammar are presented in Korean textbooks.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.5-27
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• 2006

This paper aims at examining how sijo works, including ancient sijo works, those published before the 1960s, those written by China-residing Koreans, and those published in the 2000s, convey the poetic meaning in terms of sentence structure. Firstly, ancient sijo works, those published before the 1960s, and those written by China-residing Koreans, have sentences. whose meaning the readers can easily grasp, with simple structures and little rhetoric words. But moderns works published In the 2000s (modern sijo works after) are mingled with too many rhetoric expressions, sometimes misused. Secondly, ancient sijo works, those published before the 1960s, and those written by China-residing Koreans, having a clarified subject-verb context. are easily understood by the readers. But, in modern sijo works, there are many cases with an unclarified subject-verb context and redundant rhetoric words, which will cause misunderstanding of the meaning of the work. Thirdly, in ancient sijo works. those published before the 1960s and those written by China-residing Koreans, each of the three statements (called in) in a stanza is separate from the others in context. But, in some modern sijo works, the first and second statements (called chojang and jungjang) fall into just rhetoric parts for the last statement (called jongjang), and each of them is not read as an independent statement. Fourthly, there are some cases whose forms are distant from those of siio works. but are written in three statements like traditional sijo works. Regular poems, though written in regular rhythm, should be also acoustically regular. Sijo works should be easily understood when recited. If not, they are basically far from sijo works. If modern sijo works should overcome their easy expressions and simplicity of themes, they should be composed through using not complicated sentence structures but brand-new metaphors, clear images, and fresh themes.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.129-159
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• 2024

In the process of reading, readers can process information not only within the fixated region, known as the fovea, but also in the parafoveal region to the right of the fovea. While the parafoveal semantic preview effect has been confirmed in eye-tracking experiments using boundary techniques, research on how the parafoveal preview effects differ depending on the degree of semantic relatedness is still limited. This study investigates the parafoveal preview effects as a function of semantic relatedness with the target word. The experiment utilized Korean-Chinese bilinguals and presented mixed-language sentences as experimental stimuli. Four parafoveal preview conditions were applied to the target words in each sentence: (1) Korean identical condition, where the parafoveal word was the same as the target word (e.g., "나라," meaning "country" in English), (2) Chinese synonymous condition, where the parafoveal word had the same meaning as the target word (e.g., "国家," also meaning "country" in English), (3) Chinese semantically related condition, where the parafoveal word was semantically related to the target word (e.g., "政权," meaning "political power" in English), and (4) Chinese unrelated condition, where the parafoveal word was semantically unrelated to the target word (e.g., "围裙," meaning "apron" in English). The study explored the parafoveal preview effect in terms of the degree of semantic association with the target word. We found the most pronounced preview effect in conditions where the preview and the target word shared the same meaning, and we also observed preview effects in conditions where the semantic relatedness with the target word was relatively weak. This study suggests that the degree of semantic relatedness between the parafoveal preview word and the target word can influence readers' reading processes. It contributes to a better understanding of readers' eye movements and comprehension processes, with potential implications for the development of effective reading strategies and educational methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.120-126
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• 2009

As the information age grows rapidly, the amount of digital texts has been increasing as well. It has brought an increasing of visualization case in order to figure out lots of digital texts. Existing visualized design of digital text is merely concentrating on figuration of subject word through adoption of stemming algorithm and word frequency extraction, prominence of meaning of text, and connection in between sentences. So it is a fact that expression of rhythm that can visualize sentimental feeing of digital text was insufficient. Syllable is a phoneme unit that can express rhythm more efficiently. In sentences, syllable is a most basic pronunciation unit in pronouncing word, phase and sentence. On this basis, accent, intonation, length of rhythm factor and others are based on syllable. Sonority, which is most closely associated with definitions of syllable, is expressed through air flow of igniting lung and acoustic energy that is specified kinetic energy into sonority. Seen from this perspective, this study examines phonologic definition and characteristics based on syllable, which is properties of digital text, and research the way to visualize rhythm through diagram. After converting digital text into phonetic symbol by the experiment, rhythm information are visualized into images using degree of resonance, which was started from rhythm in all languages, and using syllable establishment of digital text. By visualizing syllable information, it provides syllable information of digital text and express sentiment of digital text through diagram to assist user's understanding by systematic formula. Therefore, this study is aimed at planning for easy understanding of text's rhythm and realizing visualization of digital text.