• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.255-265
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• 2011

Marine ecosystems are often characterized by a high biological diversity, and it corresponds to a high chemical diversity. Up to present, more than 20,000 new bioactive substances have been isolated from marine organisms, where considerable numbers of these naturally occurring derivatives are developed as potential candidates for pharmaceutical application. In this process, screening of natural products from marine organisms that could potentially inhibit the expression of metalloproteinases has gained a huge popularity. Cancer is considered as one of the deadliest diseases in the medical field. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) can degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components and play important roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for metastasis, arthritis, chronic inflammation and wrinkle formation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate whether matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors attenuate neuroinflammation in an ischemic brain following photothrombotic cortical ischemia in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized, and Rose Bengal was systemically administered. Permanent focal ischemia was induced in the medial frontal and somatosensory cortices by irradiating the skull with cold white light. MMP inhibitors, such as doxycycline, minocycline, and batimastat, significantly reduced the cerebral infarct size, and the expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). However, they had no effect on the expressions of heme oxygenase-1 and neuroglobin in the ischemic cortex. These results suggest that MMP inhibitors attenuate ischemic brain injury by decreasing the expression levels of MCP-1, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IDO, thereby providing a therapeutic benefit against cerebral ischemia.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.178-179
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• 2009

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2762-2764
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• 2012

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.237-243
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• 2014

Objective : Symptomatic disc degeneration develops from inflammatory reactions in the annulus fibrosus (AF). Although inflammatory mediators during annular inflammation have been studied, the roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the production of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) during annular inflammation using an in vitro co-culture system. We also examined the effect of notochordal cells on annular inflammation. Methods : Human AF (hAF) pellet was co-cultured for 48 hours with phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated macrophage-like THP-1 cells. hAF pellet and conditioned media (CM) from co-cultured cells were assayed for MMPs, TIMPs, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyem-linked immunosorbent assay. To evaluate whether notochordal cells affected MMPs or TIMPs production on annular inflammation, hAF co-cultured with notochordal cells from adult New Zealand White rabbits, were assayed. Results : MMP-1, -3, -9; and TIMP-1 levels were significantly increased in CM of hAF co-cultured with macrophage-like cells compared with hAF alone, whereas TIMP-2 and IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05). After macrophage exposure, hAF produced significantly more MMP-1 and -3 and less TIMP-1 and -2. Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ stimulation enhanced MMP-1 and -3 levels, and significantly diminished TIMP-2 levels. Co-culturing with rabbit notochordal cells did not significantly influence MMPs and TIMPs production or COL1A2 gene expression. Conclusion : Our results indicate that macrophage-like cells evoke annular degeneration through the regulation of major degradative enzymes and their inhibitors, produced by hAF, suggesting that the selective regulation of these enzymes provides future targets for symptomatic disc degeneration therapy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of host-derived proteolytic enzymes and implicated in the remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix under both physiological and pathological conditions. Connective tissue degradation in periodontal diseases is thought to be due to excessive MMP activities over their specific inhibitors. The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Prevotella intermedia, one of the major putative pathogens of periodontitis, on the expression of mRNA for MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of mRNAs encoding MMP-1, -2, -3, -10, and -14 was increased in human gingival fibroblasts treated with p. intermedia LPS, whereas MMP-11 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression was decreased in these cells stimulated with LPS. P. intermedia LPS increased the MMP-1, -2, -10, -11, and -14 mRNA expression and decreased TIMP-1 and -2 mRNA expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. These findings imply that P. intermedia LPS may play an important role in the connective tissue degradation in periodontitis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.2-8
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• 2012

The limited durability of resin-dentin bonds severely compromises the longevity of composite resin restorations. Resin-dentin bond degradation might occur via degradation of water-rich and resin sparse collagen matrices by host-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This review article provides overview of current knowledge of the role of MMPs in dentin matrix degradation and four experimental strategies for extending the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. They include: (1) the use of broadspectrum inhibitors of MMPs, (2) the use of cross-linking agents for silencing the activities of MMPs, (3) ethanol wet-bonding with hydrophobic resin, (4) biomimetic remineralization of water-filled collagen matrix. A combination of these strategies will be able to overcome the limitations in resin-dentin adhesion.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2005

Three different oriental natural plants (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Sanguisorba Officinalis L, Euonymus alatus) were extracted with 70% methanol under refluxing for 4 hr in order to investigate their inhibitory effect on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by a modified gelatin zymography, where only euonymus alatus showed the inhibitory effect on the activity of Matrix MMP-9. The fraction was collected by using the mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane on silica gel column. Seven portions were obtained and three fractions of them (first, third and forth) showed inhibitory effect on the zymography. To verify the effect of these substances on cells, human hepatoma, Hep3B cells as a cancer model, and Chang liver cells as a normal model were selected. In order to examine the cell viability, $1{\mu}g/mL$ of each extract was treated on cells. Most of the methanol soluble fractions showed negligible toxicity on human liver cell line.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9.1-9.13
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• 2023

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc and calcium-dependent proteolytic enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of MMP-9 has been confirmed in several disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. Therefore, MMP-9 inhibition is recommended as a therapeutic strategy for combating various diseases. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown therapeutic effects in different cancers, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. A computational drug discovery approach was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of selected cinnamic acid derivatives to the MMP-9 active site. The stability of docked poses for top-ranked compounds was also examined. Twelve herbal cinnamic acid derivatives were tested for possible MMP-9 inhibition using the AutoDock 4.0 tool. The stability of the docked poses for the most potent MMP-9 inhibitors was assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) in 10 nanosecond simulations. Interactions between the best MMP-9 inhibitors in this study and residues incorporated in the MMP-9 active site were studied before and after MD simulations. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid revealed a considerable binding affinity to the MMP-9 catalytic domain (ΔG_binding < -10 kcal/ mol). The inhibition constant value for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were calculated at the picomolar scale and assigned as the most potent MMP-9 inhibitor from the cinnamic acid derivatives. The root-mean-square deviations for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were below 2 Å in the 10 ns simulation. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid might be considered drug candidates for MMP-9 inhibition.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.402-407
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• 2006

Vascular endothelial cells release proteinases that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM), thus enabling cell migration during angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Sildenafil citrate stimulates the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway through inhibition of phosphodiesterase type V (PDE5). In this report, we examined the mechanisms underlying sildenafil citrate-induced cell migration using cultured mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). Sildenafil citrate induced migration and proteinase secretion by murine endothelial cells. Sildenafil citrate induced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, which is inhibited by $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitors. Sildenafil citrate also induced the secretion of plasmin, which is inhibited by PI 3'-kinase inhibitors. It is suggested that sildenafil citrate-induced migrating activity in endothelial cells may be accomplished by increased secretion of proteinases.