• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.3 s.140
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• pp.189-197
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• 2005

Cellulose-digesting bacteria were isolated from hindgut of Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Dynastidae). The bacterial isolates were identified as Yersinia sp. and Bacillus sp. The addition of the identified bacteria to diet increased growth rate of the cetoniid beetle, Protaetia brevitarsis senlensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae), probably by digesting cellulose nutrient contained in the oak tree sawdust diet. An additive of wheat flour at more than 10% to the sawdust diet significantly enhanced growth of P. brevitarsis senlensis. Trimmed branches of apple trees have been disposed in the apple farms and could be used for a diet component of the cetoniid beetle when the cellulose-digesting bacteria were mixed with the derived-sawdust. Resulting manure from mass rearing of P. brevitarsis senlensis contained high organic matters and trace amounts of toxic metals. When the manure were splayed on soil, it was effective as a natural compost and significantly stimulated lettuce growth. This research suggests a model technology to use cellulose-digesting bacteria to use for culturing grub, which results in natural recycles of trimmed branches in apple farms as grub diet, and to use grub manure as a natural compost.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.243-257
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell function of Korean adult and to examine the associations between ${\beta}$-cell function and nutrient intakes. Data were analyzed for 1,917 male and 2,885 female subjects older than 30 years using 'The Forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009'. We calculated HOMA ${\beta}$-cell (The homeostasis model assessment of ${\beta}$-cell function) using fasting glucose and fasting insulin for assessing ${\beta}$-cell function. Subjects were divided into HHG (High HOMA ${\beta}$-cell Group) or LHG (Low HOMA ${\beta}$-cell Group) according to median of HOMA ${\beta}$-cell, and then nutrient intakes were compared between two groups. In the entire study population, HHG showed lower percent of carbohydrate intakes (p < 0.05), and higher fat (p < 0.01), percent of fat (p < 0.05), vitamin A (p < 0.05), carotene (p < 0.05) and riboflavin (p < 0.05) intakes than LHG. In addition, levels of HOMA ${\beta}$-cell were negatively correlated with percent of carbohydrate (${\beta}$ = -0.040, p < 0.05), and positively correlated with percent of fat (${\beta}$ = 0.046, p < 0.01). The subjects were then divided into two subgroups according to body mass index values, either $23kg/m^2$ (under- and normal-weight) or ${\geq}23kg/m^2$ (over-weight and obese). Significant differences of some nutrients intakes and correlations with HOMA ${\beta}$-cell were observed only in under- and normal weight subjects, but not in over-weight and obese subjects. In conclusion, high carbohydrate, lower fat and lower vitamin intakes may be related with pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell dysfunction in under- and normal-weight Korean.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.645-647
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• 2015

We have initiated a Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) monitoring project of 36 methanol maser sources at 6.7 GHz using the Japanese VLBI Network (JVN) and East-Asian VLBI Network (EAVN), starting in August 2010. The purpose of this project is to systematically reveal 3-dimensional (3-D) kine-matics of rotating disks around forming high-mass protostars. As an initial result, we present proper mo- tion detections for two methanol maser sources showing an elliptical spatial morphology, G 002.53+00.19 and G 006.79-00.25, which could be the best candidates associated with the disk. The detected proper motions indicate a simple rotation in G 002.53+00.19 and rotation with expansion in G 006.79-00.25, respectively, on the basis of disk model fits with rotating and expanding components. The expanding motions might be caused by the magnetic-centrifugal wind on the disk.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was investigated the improvement effects of Pakistani Ephedra herba-containing Gangji-hwan-1, 2, 3 (Di-fatty; DF-1, 2, 3), Chinese Ephedra herba-containing Gangjihwan-4 (DF-4) and combination of DF-1 and Gamisoche-hwan (GSH) on obesity in a high fat diet-fed obese mouse model. Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6N mice were divided into seven groups: a normal lean group given a standard diet, an obese control group given a high fat diet, and DF-1, 2, 3, 4, and DF-1+GSH groups given a high fat diet with DF-1, 2, 3, 4 (40, 80, 160, 80 mg/kg), and DF-1+ GSH (80 mg/kg), respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio (FER), blood lipid markers, liver histology, and fat weight and histology were examined. Results: Body weight gain was significantly decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. The extent of decreases was eminent in DF-1+GSH group. FER and circulating concentration of leptin were decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. Circulating concentrations of triglyceride, glucose and insulin were decreased in DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control. The size of adipocytes were decreased by DF and DF-1+GSH groups compared with control, whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was increased by them, suggesting that DF and DF-1+GSH groups decreased the number of large adipocytes. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that DF and DF-1+GSH groups decrease FER, plasma leptin concentration, blood anti-obesity biomarkers and fat mass, improves body weight gain. In addition, these effects were more effective in DF-1+GSH combination group than in DF-1, 2, 3, 4 groups.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-68
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the weight loss effects of auricular acupuncture in obese patients. Methods: Six databases (Research Information Sharing Service [RISS], Korean studies Information Service System [KISS], Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System [OASIS], PubMed, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI]) were searched up to May 20, 2020. Eight eligible randomized controlled trials were included the present study. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and a meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager software. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and a subgroup analysis was performed to detect the sources of heterogeneity, identify the selection of acupuncture methods and explore its contributions to the weight loss effects. Results: Among 8 trials, 5 trials used auricular acupuncture and 2 trials used auricular acupressure, 1 trial used both types of intervention. Most commonly selected acupoints were Shenmen (TF4) and stomach (CO4). Treatment duration was six to twelve weeks, and total treatment session was six to twelve. Compared to the control groups, auricular acupuncture significantly decreased body weight, body mass index (BMI), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and ghrelin. For the selection of acupuncture methods, both methods performed similarly in most outcome except waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BFP), and triglycerides (TG). Conclusions: We found that auricular acupuncture can be effective for weight loss and controlling appetite. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity. So further vigorous and well-designed studies should be conducted to strengthen the evidence of the use of auricular acupuncture for obesity.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2012

Surface-subsurface interactions are an intrinsic component of the hydrologic response within a watershed. In general, these interactions are considered to be one of the most difficult areas of the discipline, particularly for the modeler who intends simulate the dynamic relations between these two major domains of the hydrological cycle. In essence, one major complexity is the spatial and temporal variations in the dynamically interacting system behavior. The proper simulation of these variations requires the need for providing an appropriate coupling mechanism between the surface and subsurface components of the system. In this study, an approach for modelling surface-subsurface flow and transport in a fully intergrated way is presented. The model uses the 2-dimensional diffusion wave equation for sheet surface water flow, and the Boussinesq equation with the Darcy's law and Dupuit-Forchheimer's assumption for variably saturated subsurface water flow. The coupled system of equations governing surface and subsurface flows is discretized using the finite volume method with central differencing in space and the Crank-Nicolson method in time. The interactions between surface and subsurface flows are considered mass balance based on the continuity conditions of pressure head and exchange flux. The major module consists of four sub-module (SUBFA, SFA, IA and NS module) is developed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise training program and a gym-ball exercise training program on body composition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), adipokines, and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The subjects were separated into two groups, an aerobic exercise group (n=10), which practiced moderate aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks, and a gym-ball exercise group (n=13), which practiced resistance exercise training for 12 weeks. The results of the analyses are as follows: Weight, body mass index, and body fat were significantly lower (p<0.01, respectively), whereas the $VO_2$ max was higher in both groups (p<0.01). Fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were significantly decreased in the gym-ball exercise group (p<0.05), whereas adiponectin, AST, and ALT levels were significantly increased (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively) in both groups after the 12-week exercise training program. In addition, our results showed that HOMA-IR, insulin, and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly lower in both groups. They demonstrate that a 12-week program of regular aerobic exercise or gym-ball exercise yields beneficial effects such as an amelioration of cardiovascular risk factors, body indices, and liver function in obese children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

The present study aims to design an optimized hull shape of a floating pendulum-type wave energy converter(WEC). The purpose of these structure is to improve the performance and stability of the WEC by reducing its motion under operating and survival wave conditions. In this study, motion reduction structures, like restoring and dampling plates were installed on a floating pendulum WEC that has been the subject of previous studies. Restoring plates were installed to increase the restoring force and shift the natural period to a shorter period. Damping plates were installed to shift the natural period to a longer period by increasing the added mass. The effects of the structures were then analyzed under different incident wave conditions. The design parameters for the motion reduction structures were size, shape, and installed position. The wave-induced motion characteristics and performance of the floating pendulum WEC were also investigated numerically. Based on the simulation results, we are able to optimize the motion reduction structure of the WEC, thus improving its efficiency and durability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

Top spray-drying method is frequently utilized for flavor encapsulation, but the top spray-dried products frequently suffer from high losses of volatile flavor as the result of a high processing temperature (150-$300^{\circ}C$). In an effort to solve these problems, a low-temperature fluidized-bed granulating method was utilized to encapsulate the flavor. For the encapsulation of sesame oil, oil-in-water emulsions of sesame oil and a mixture of maltodextrin, modified starch, gum arabic, and gellan gum were bottom-sprayed at milder temperatures (70-$100^{\circ}C$) using a fluidized-bed granulator. Sesame oil extracts from microcapsules were obtained via a simultaneous distillation/extraction technique, and the retention of volatile flavor compounds was analyzed via a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The retention of volatile flavors of sesame oil per se, spray-dried and fluidized-bed granulated microcapsules after 3-day-storage at $37^{\circ}C$ were 0.8%, 37.2%, and 42.0%, respectively. In addition, the low-temperature fluidized-bed granulation showed higher encapsulation yield and sensory preferences for the application of commercial products (beef rice porridge), as compared to spray drying.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2002

The Gravity-Geologic Method (GGM) was implemented for bathymetric determinations in the Drake Passage, Antarctica, using global marine Free-air Gravity Anomalies (FAGA) data sets by Sandwell and Smith (1997) and local echo sounding measurements. Of the 6548 bathymetric sounding measurements, two thirds of these points were used as control depths, while the remaining values were used as checkpoints. A density contrast of 9.0 gm/㎤ was selected based on the checkpoints predictions with changes in the density contrast assumed between the seawater and ocean bottom topographic mass. Control depths from the echo soundings were used to determine regional gravity components that were removed from FAGA to estimate the gravity effects of the bathymetry. These gravity effects were converted to bathymetry by inversion. In particular, a selective merging technique was developed to effectively combine the echo sounding depths with the GGM bathymetiy to enhance high frequency components along the shipborne sounding tracklines. For the rugged bathymetry of the research area, the GGM bathymetry shows correlation coefficients (CC) of 0.91, 0.92, and 0.85 with local shipborne sounding by KORDI, GEODAS, and a global ETOPO5 model, respectively. The enhanced GGM by selective merging shows imploved CCs of 0.948 and 0.954 with GEODAS and Smith & Sandwell (1997)'s predictions with RMS differences of 449.8 and 441.3 meters. The global marine FAGA data sets and other bathymetric models ensure that the GGM can be used in conjunction with shipborne bathymetry from echo sounding to extend the coverage into the unmapped regions, which should generate better results than simply gridding the sparse data or relying upon lower resolution global data sets such as ETOPO5.