• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

The difficulties to build a 3-dimensional water quality model for the coastal water quality improvement and the environmental recovery estimation are the lack of periodic observed data and the many problems to observe continuously. I observed the rainfall and non-point pollutants outflow patterns in Jinhae-Masan basin as mid-step researches for the water quality simulation and management method development in a coastal area. I applied Landsat image system and Geographic Information System to analyze the runoff and non-point pollutants outflow patterns. A water quality simulation model (SWMM) applied to Jinhae-Masan basin with results of the land use distribution, non-point pollution loads, and watershed informations from GIS(IDRISI used). I proposed some improved survey and GIS application methods reflect upon the pollutant characteristics from the observed non-point pollutant outflow patterns.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of gum-chewing on the recovery of bowel movement and oral cavity discomfort after abdominal surgery. Method: The nonequivalent control group, non-syncronized repeated treatment design was used. A total of 99 patients were participated in the study. The 44 patients were in the experimental group and the rest in the control group. The experimental group chewed gum three times a day until they passed gas. As the patient reported gas-passing, bowel movement time, subjective symptoms of oral cavity, and oral status were recorded precisely. The frequency, percentage, $x^2$-test and t-test were analyzed by SPSS PC 12.0. Results: There were significant differences in bowel movement, gas passing, oral cavity symptoms, and oral status scores between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated the fact that gum-chewing helps early recovery from post-operative ileus and thirst. It is because gum chewing stimulates bowel mobility and secretion of saliva. Thus gum-chewing seems to be an effective nursing intervention in reducing post-operative side effects for patients with abdominal surgery.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.841-846
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• 2003

The ecosystem model was applied to estimate the regional distribution of the net production(or consumption) of phytoplankton and the net uptake(or regeneration) rate of nutrients in Masan Bay for scenario analysis to find a proper management plan. At the surface level, net production of phytoplankton is 200 mgC/㎡/day at the entrance of the bay, and 400∼1000 mgC/㎡/day at the center of the bay. The inner area of the bay showed more than 2000 mgC/㎡/day. All areas of the bottom level have a net consumption, with the center of the bottom level showing more than 600 mgC/㎡/day. For dissolved inorganic nitrogen, the results showed a net uptake rate of 100∼900 mg/㎡/day at the surface level. It showed that the net regeneration is above 50 mg/㎡/day at the bottom level. For dissolved inorganic phosphorus, the net uptake rate showed 10.0∼80.0 mg/㎡/day at the surface level, and the regeneration rate showed 0∼20.5 mg/㎡/day at the bottom level. Therefore, in order to control the water quality in Masan Bay, it is important to consider the re-supplement of nutrients regenerated in the water column.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07e
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• pp.66-70
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• 2000

This paper deal with a design and a constant output power control of Zero Current Zero Voltage Switching(ZCZVS) resonant type DC-DC converter by a digital I-PD phase shift controller. When the DC-DC converter for a high density and a high effect control is operated in high speed switching, the switching loss and switching stress of the switching devices are increased. So, the ZCZVS method, which has the phase shift control with the digital I-PD controller, must be use in order to reduce its. And the constant output power voltage that controlled by the digital I-PD controller tracks a reference without steady state error in variable input voltage. The validity of control strategy that proposed is verified experimental results by the Digital Signal Processor TMS320C32.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2009

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas are isolated plasma cell tumors of soft tissue that typically do not metastasize. They are rare and account for 4% of all plasma cell tumors. To our knowledge, only 14 cases of solitary extramedullary plasmacytomas in the sphenoid sinus have been reported. A 32-year-old man presented to our department with complaint of ocular pain in the right eyeball and diplopia. Physical and neurological examinations revealed intact and prompt direct and indirect light reflexes in both pupils and limitation of extraocular muscle movement seen with the lateral gaze of the right eyeball. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested the presence of mucocele or mycetoma, therefore surgical resection was performed with endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. Histopathology was consistent with plasmacytoma. Systemic work-up did not show any evidence of metastasis and the sphenoid sinus was the sole tumor site, and therefore the diagnosis of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma was confirmed. We report a rare case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the sphenoid sinus with successful treatment using the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1997

[ $Mg_2SiO_4(La.Ho)$ ] thermoluminescent phosphor was made by putting the $MgCl_2.6H_2O$ and $SiO_2$ and by doping the rare earth element of $LaCl_3.7H_2O$ and $HoCl_3$. The heating rate is $10^{\circ}C/sec$ for the thermoluminescent phosphor. Two peaks are found in the measured $Mg_2SiO_4(La.Ho)$ Tl glow curve at $152^{\circ}C$ and $205^{\circ}C$ when the heating rate is $5^{\circ}C/sec$. The peak value at $205^{\circ}C$ is the most sensitive to X-ray among the glow peaks. The activation energy of the main peak has been estimated by the peak shape method. The estimated activation energies for Ho and La are $0.52{\sim}1.77\;eV$ respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.133-136
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• 2008

Injury to the internal mammary artery secondary to blunt chest trauma is a rare condition. It is also uncommon to see extraplerual and mediastinal hematoma in these circumstances; this demands early diagnosis and active treatment. We report here on a 59 year old man who underwent surgery for extraplerual and mediastinal hematoma, and this was all due to injury of the internal mammary artery after blunt chest trauma. We also include a review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.54-66
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• 2023

Purpose : Developing infection control capabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic was critical. This study aimed to develop a simulation program to control patients with COVID-19 in nursing students and examine the effects on COVID-19 knowledge, COVID-19 nursing intention, self-efficacy learning, and clinical performance. Methods : The study used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Sixty nursing students were recruited from two different colleges using purposive sampling. For the intervention group(n=30), the pretest was administered before the simulation program, involving six sessions of online lectures and simulation practices. Immediately, the posttest was conducted following the program. Results : COVID-19 knowledge (t=9.87, p <.001), COVID-19 nursing intention (t=4.45, p <.001), learning self-efficacy (t=6.49, p <.001), and clinical performance (t=6.77, p <.001) increased significantly after the program, revealing the positive effect of the COVID-19 infection control simulation program in nursing students. Conclusion : The results of the study and the curriculum may be used as practical evidence for COVID-19 infection control in nursing schools and medical institutions.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1983

Distribution of soft-bottom macrobenthos en Masan Bay was studied in terms of seasonal changes in species composition, abundance, and diversity from August, 1980 to May, 1981. Of the 65 species ot benthic macrofauna observed, polychaete was the most dominant taxonomic group with 34 species, which accounted for 72% of the total number of benthic animals. Species richness and numerical abundance seemed to decrease from the outer Bay stations to the innermost bay station, where certain zoological groups such as crustaceans and echinoderms were eliminated. Based on the ecological indices calculated, the inner basins of the Masan Bay apparently receive high input levels of organic material derived from land drainage, domestic wastes, and industrial complex installed in Masan city and nearby urban area. Particularly, at two inner bay stations of the Masan Bay, these levels seemed to approach the limit of the degradative capacity of the muddy bottom ecosystem, and have significantly affected the characteristics and distfibution of the benthic macrofauna.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-17
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• 2000

Background : This study was attempted to provide a basic information necessary for the development of measures evaluating perceived discomfort of the patients under local anesthesia and the developments of nursing intervention and nursing standard. Method : The study subjects were a convenience sample of 100 surgical patients under local anesthesia. The researcher visited the patients directly and explained the purpose of the study to them. Then they were asked to fill out questionnaires which were developed and structured by the researcher, under their prior permission. Out patient's data were collected at recovery room after operation. Results : Factor analysis on measures evaluating the patients under local anesthesia showed that the measures consisted of eight factors including "explanation", "humane treatment", "motion limitation", "pain", "no togetherness", "waiting", "the environment of operating room", and "unkindness". When analyzing each of the factors regarding their degree of contribution to perceived discomfort, it was found that "waiting" was highest in terms of the degree. According to general chara-cteristics of the sampled patients, the factor of "explanation" contributed to perceived discomfort more in male patients than female ones. Regarding parts of medical examination, the patients of otorhinolaryngology felt perceived discomfort most because of the factor of "pain". Conclusion : To relieve perceived discomfort the patients under local anesthesia require providing individually systematized nursing services which can reduce perceived discomfort according to each of the factors. In doing so, an unlimited attention and much effort should be given to realize CQI reaching the dimension of increase in comfort as well as decrease perceived discomfort.