• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.13-25
• /
• 2023

Due to Japanese imperialism's invasion of Korea and the policy of exterminating national culture, many independence activists from Korean medicine participated in the Manchurian Independence Army activities and the fight for freedom. Kang Woo-kyu, who threw a bomb at the governor-General of Korea on September 2, 1919, can be cited as a leader who learned East Asian medicine. Kim Kwanje, who organized a secret organization by opening an East Asian medicine clinic in Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, was involved in the struggle of the medical corps while working as a medical student. He is accused of providing a shelter by treating members of the Uiryeoldan. In 1919, the Manchurian Independence Army unit, which launched the March 1st Movement armed struggle, was established, and those who served as military doctors in various organizations can be found. Park Se-jung, who participated as an independent soldier at the age of 47, treated wounded soldiers and patients as a military doctor. A branch office was also created by raising military funds and participating in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Jang Hyong was able to raise independent military funds, campaign for the provisional government's independence petition, and lecture across the country mostly disguised as an East Asian medicine doctor, which led to several imprisonments for "fraud charges under the guise of similar medical practices".

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between the TPI Level 1 test and the performance of KPGA professional golf players. Methods : In 2019, 30 KPGA golf players attempted in the TPI Level 1 test. Their performance was then compared with the test based on the players' aggregated official records on the KPGA website, The most meaningful prize money ranking, average driving distance, fairway landing rate, and average number of putts were considered to evaluate their performance. Additionally, to obtain the average value of the players' accumulated records, the period from the first game in March 2019 to the end of October was considered. Results : The criterion for the difference between the upper group and the lower group was set based on the 9 points of the TPI Level 1 test, which showed the most significant difference. The prize money ranking stood at 63.00±51.77 in the upper group and 113.92±68.79 in the lower group in the TPI Level 1 test, the difference was significantly higher (p<.05) for the upper group (p<.05). The average driving distance was 286.15±10.06 yds for the upper group and 277.39±8.49 yds for the lower group, group, with the driving distance significantly higher in the upper group (p<.05). Further, the average number of putts for the upper group was 1.81±.02 and 1.85±.04 for the lower group, indicating a significant difference. Conclusion : A higher TPI Level 1 test score is likely to have a positive effect on performance.. As a result of the statistical values of this study, it was found that players must possess at least 9 out of 17 types of physical abilities Therefore, it can be considered that training and intervention to acquire these physical abilities are essential.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Lebed method exercise (LME) on nurses' depression, anxiety and stress. The LME is a therapeutic exercise and movement program developed by Sherry Lebed Davis and expected to lessen the stress level of nurses and enhance the nursing job's satisfaction and efficiency. This study was utilized a non equivalent control group pre-post test design. Method: The subjects were 36 nurses in total; 18 in experimental group and 18 in control group. The data were collected from March to August, 2008. For the experimental group, 8 hour-long lectures on stress management and LME were given for 12 weeks. For the control group, only lectures on stress management was given. Depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and heart rate variability were measured on the subjects in both groups as pre- and post tests. The data were analyzed by Kolmogrov-Smirov test and P-P plot, t-test and $x^2-test$ using the SPSS program. Results: As proposed in the hypothesis, the subjects in the experimental group experienced less depression (t=2.286, p=.029), less anxiety (t=3.319, p=.002) and less perceived stress(t=2.862, p=.007) than those in the control group. Conclusion: The LME is considered an effective exercise to improve depression, anxiety, and to lessen stress for the nurses. The LME program has potential to be one of the effective stress management interventions for nurses in the future.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.53-74
• /
• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine foreign literature on the evaluation and interventions for motor functions in children. Methods : Studies in this review were identified by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library (Embase) databases from those published form January 2010 to March 2020 using the following keywords: "motor function test" or "motor function measure" or "movement assessment" or "motor proficiency test" or "motor scale" or "motor skill" and children. Results : Of the total 37 identified studies, 14 analyzed evaluations, 23 analyzed interventions, all of which were randomized control trials. Studies on evaluations were increasingly more common, in contrast to studies on interventions for motor functions. The most frequent field of research was rehabilitation. The studies on evaluations included the AIMS and MABC-II, and GMFM was the most frequently used intervention. Interventions were most commonly used in task-oriented training (six studies). Conclusion : This study aimed to provide a basis for therapists to choose effective motor function evaluation and interventions for clinical trials by analyzing studies related to interventions for and evaluation of motor function in children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2003

This study seeks to find new strategies for the development of Tapgol Park and to identify Programs to promote this development. In addition, the study specifies the purpose and meaning of these efforts by revealing social aspects not apparent in the physical form of the site, and reading how these aspects influenced the development of Tapgol Park Because the focus of the study lies in reading cultural aspects of the site which have to be understood within the context of their social circumstances, the study drew materials from mass media such as newspapers and literary magazines, which best reflect these social aspects. Interpreting the over 100 you history of Tapgol Park in a cultural context, the study found a meaningful suggestion that such a small urban place located in a city forms a cultural identity in the course of communicating with its surrounding social situations. The change in the identity of Tapgol Park has been sensitive to changing social circumstances rather than the physical structure of the space. The original function of Tapgol Park as a traditional city park has gradually changed towards strengthening social functions, much like the character of an urban plaza. In the process of change the park developed a unique culture. This park culture, however, came not from the original design but from its close interactions with social circumstances changing over time. At the same time, the change in identity seen in Tapgol Park has not been fresh formed. It can be said that the inertia came into light with the potential powers under the place over the long history having been combined into the then social circumstances. In early 2002, the park re-opened, refurbished as one of the relics of the March 1st Movement. Investigating how cultural inertias that have been developing in various forms to date will change and be maintained in this new paradigm is an important assignment for researchers.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2012

Purpose: We evaluated usefulness of abdominal compressor for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and hepato-biliary cancer and metastatic liver cancer patients. Materials and Methods: From November 2011 to March 2012, we selected HCC patients who gained reduction of diaphragm movement >1 cm through abdominal compressor (diaphragm control, elekta, sweden) for HT (Hi-Art Tomotherapy, USA). We got planning computed tomography (CT) images and 4 dimensional (4D) images through 4D CT (somatom sensation, siemens, germany). The gross tumor volume (GTV) included a gross tumor and margins considering tumor movement. The planning target volume (PTV) included a 5 to 7 mm safety margin around GTV. We classified patients into two groups according to distance between tumor and organs at risk (OAR, stomach, duodenum, bowel). Patients with the distance more than 1 cm are classified as the 1st group and they received SBRT of 4 or 5 fractions. Patients with the distance less than 1 cm are classified as the 2nd group and they received tomotherapy of 20 fractions. Megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) were performed 4 or 10 fractions. When we verify a MVCT fusion considering priority to liver than bone-technique. We sent MVCT images to Mim_vista (Mimsoftware, ver .5.4. USA) and we re-delineated stomach, duodenum and bowel to bowel_organ and delineated liver. First, we analyzed MVCT images to check the setup variation. Second we compared dose difference between tumor and OAR based on adaptive dose through adaptive planning station and Mim_vista. Results: Average setup variation from MVCT was $-0.66{\pm}1.53$ mm (left-right) $0.39{\pm}4.17$ mm (superior-inferior), $0.71{\pm}1.74$ mm (anterior-posterior), $-0.18{\pm}0.30$ degrees (roll). 1st group ($d{\geq}1$) and 2nd group (d<1) were similar to setup variation. 1st group ($d{\geq}1$) of $V_{diff3%}$ (volume of 3% difference of dose) of GTV through adaptive planing station was $0.78{\pm}0.05%$, PTV was $9.97{\pm}3.62%$, $V_{diff5%}$ was GTV 0.0%, PTV was $2.9{\pm}0.95%$, maximum dose difference rate of bowel_organ was $-6.85{\pm}1.11%$. 2nd Group (d<1) GTV of $V_{diff3%}$ was $1.62{\pm}0.55%$, PTV was $8.61{\pm}2.01%$, $V_{diff5%}$ of GTV was 0.0%, PTV was $5.33{\pm}2.32%$, maximum dose difference rate of bowel_organ was $28.33{\pm}24.41%$. Conclusion: Despite we saw diaphragm movement more than 5 mm with flouroscopy after use an abdominal compressor, average setup_variation from MVCT was less than 5 mm. Therefore, we could estimate the range of setup_error within a 5 mm. Target's dose difference rate of 1st group ($d{\geq}1$) and 2nd group (d<1) were similar, while 1st group ($d{\geq}1$) and 2nd group (d<1)'s bowel_organ's maximum dose difference rate's maximum difference was more than 35%, 1st group ($d{\geq}1$)'s bowel_organ's maximum dose difference rate was smaller than 2nd group (d<1). When applicating SBRT to HCC, abdominal compressor is useful to control diaphragm movement in selected patients with more than 1 cm bowel_organ distance.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.291-302
• /
• 1998

The Japanese colonial authorities promulgated the 'Nurses Ordinance(Kanhoboo Kyuchick), in 1914. It was the first act that regulated nurses' licensure in Korea. The gendarme did the administrational work of the ordinance. After the Nurses Ordinance of 1914, nurses without licenses could no longer work with the name of nurse, and Korean nursing gained a more professional status. After the March 1st Movement of 1919, Japan realized that its iron rule had to be more sophisticated. The gendarme gave way to an ordinary constabulary force. The Nurses Ordinance was amended to set the nurses quality as good as that of Japanese nurses, and the nurses licensure of Korea could also be used in Japan. In 1931 the Japanese war against China began, and the Japanese imposed military rule once again. The Nurses Ordinance was amended to 'The Korea Nurses Ordinance'. After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War(1937) and of World War II in the Pacific(1941), the Japanese desperately needed additional manpower to re plenish the dwindling ranks of their military and labour forces. To produce more nurses, the colonial authorities amended the 'Korea Nurses Ordinance' and lowered the age and educational status of nurses to produce more numbers. Until the Japanese surrender in August 1945, Korea was under Japanese rule. Koreans had no say in the passing of these acts, and the colonial authority could make and pass any act at will.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.1407-1415
• /
• 2006

Japan started to colonize Korea in 1910. It's when It forced and made Chosun sign on the Treaty of Protectorate. The Chosun faithfully practiced Japan's colonial policy over Korea. Futhermore, it stopped many Koreans from an anti-Japanese movement and tried to make Koreans have a positive attitude towards Japan. For this, Japan advertised the policy called Nae-sun-il-che which meant Korea and Japan were a community together from the same root. Ultimately, it targeted on absorbing Korea within their territory. With this goal, Japan kept on practicing the policy to acculturize and brainwash Koreans, totally depending on force and pressure from 1910 to 1919. However, this policy had changed by the overall anti-Japanese movement happening on March 1st 1919. Saito, the third governor-general who was appointed laster on, made an effort to win over He favor of Koreans in a less forceful way of the cultural politics. The change of policy had been specified in diverse actions such as permitting civil mass-media bodies forming the observation groups and opening conferences. In the case of daily newspapers, Japan had permitted only the ones by the Government-General of Chosun such as Maeil-shinbo, Kyunsung-ilbo, and Seoul Press before, but then other civil newspapers In Korean stated to be released. Along His Japan formed both Korean and Japanese observation groups to promote the mutual understanding and showed off Japan's goods in the propaganda films by implementing a film department. It's because Japan totally recognized and understood the impact of films. Therefore, Japan distincitively established a film agency for the production of propaganda movies while it banned the civil film production after 1937 when Japan started the war against China and USA in row. So, only one film agency, ruled by the Government-General of Chosun, produced movies from 1942 to 1945.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.39-71
• /
• 2020

Ever since gaining liberation in 1945, Korean society has constantly recalled memories of Japan's invasion and Korea's anti-Japanese movements for an independent state (AMIS). In the process, a small number of new religious groups were also identified as main subjects within AMIS. However, the logic necessary to connect these religious groups with AMIS was still weak. In order to solve this situation academically, the purpose of this article is to illuminate the activities of Mugeukdo (無極道) and Jo Jeongsan (趙鼎山) through the lens of AMIS and to reflect on the issues that will arise when linking the religion with AMIS. Regarding this purpose, this article analyzed the internal and external data collected by Daesoon Jinrihoe (大巡眞理會) about Jo Jeongsan and Mugeukdo's activities linked to AMIS. Later, this paper presents several tasks for future research on this subject matter. Specifically, according to Chapter II, the AMIS of Jo Jeongsan and Mugeukdo were generally centered on resistance at the family level, Jo Jeongsan's order to participate in the March 1st Movement, and Mugeukdo's industrial activities. In Chapter III, I reviewed the contents of Chapter II using Daesoon Jinrihoe's external materials. According to the results of the review, future research is required to discover and cross-check materials related to the AMIS of Jo Jeongsan and Mugeukdo believers. Likewise, further research is needed to highlight the theory of the enthronement of emperor (天子登極說) and the Great Opening of the later world (後天開闢) in terms of AMIS. These efforts can make contributions that increase the credibility of Daesoon Jinrihoe's internal data on the AMIS of Jo Jeongsan and Mugeukdo and expand the periphery of AMIS as it relates to certain religious groups. Subsequently, in Chapter IV, I present three items for reflecting upon the connection between certain religious groups and AMIS. The first is that criteria for establishing the category of AMIS is necessary to determine whether religious activities can be included. Second, reductionist approaches make it difficult to explain the reasons why some of the people who participated in AMIS did so while forming 'new religious movements,' and why these groups have maintained their religious identity even after liberation was achieved in 1945. Third, it is necessary to distinguish between the primary and the secondary dimensions to elaborate on the connection between these religions and AMIS. This means that researchers should be expected to look at whether the activities in question are based on a religious worldview and whether the goal of the activities is the realization of AMIS or the implementation of some aspect of that religious worldview. In the future, considering the mechanisms that make AMIS memorable in Korea, religious groups and religious studies should take greater interest in discovering and accumulating data that facilitates research on these topics. At the same time, effort should be made to find the basis for AMIS within religious worldviews. It can also be made possible through specific interest in further elaboration on the various AMIS-related activities of Jo Jeongsan and Mugeukdo.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.33-52
• /
• 2022

The History and Culture Park and the Lee Kun-hee Donation Hall will be built in Songhyeon-dong, Seoul. Political games from the Joseon Dynasty to the present greatly influenced the historicity of Songhyeon-dong. However, place analysis was limited to changes in landowners and land uses rather than a historical context. Therefore, this study analyzed the context in which the placeness of Songhyeon-dong changed according to the emergence of cultural hegemony using the perspective of modern cultural geography and comparative history. As a result of the analysis, cultural hegemony in historical transitions, such as Sinocentrism, maritime expansion, civil revolutions, imperialism, nationalism, popular art, and neoliberalism, was found to have created new intellectuals in Bukchon, including Songhyeon-dong, and influenced social systems and spatial policies. In this social relations, the placeness of Songhyeon-dong changed as follows. First, the founding forces of Joseon created pine forests as Bibo Forests to invocate the permanence of the dynasty. In the late Joseon dynasty, it was an era of maritime expansion, and as Joseon's yeonhaeng increased, a garden for the Gyeonghwasejok, who enjoyed the culture of the Qing dynasty, was built. Although pine forests and gardens disappeared due to the development of housing complexes as the population soared during the Japanese colonial era, Cha Gyeong's landscape aesthetics, which harmonized artificial gardens and external nature, are worth reinterpreting in modern times. Second, the wave of modernization created a new school in Bukchon and a boarding house in Songhyeon-dong owned by a pro-Japanese faction. Angukdongcheon-gil, next to Songhyeon-dong, was where thinkers who promoted civil revolution and national self-determination exchanged ideas. Songhyeon-dong, the largest boarding house, served as a residence for students to participate in the March 1st Movement and was the cradle of the resulting culture of student movements. The appearance of the old road is preserved, so it is a significant part of the regeneration of walking in the historic city center, connecting Gwanghwamun-Bukchon-Insadong -Donhwamunro. Third, from the cultural rule of the Government General of Joseon to the Military Government, Songhyeon-dong acted as a passage to western culture with the Joseon Siksan Bank's cultural housing and staff accommodations at the U.S. Embassy. Ancient and contemporary art coexisted in the surrounding area, so the modern and contemporary art market was formed. The Lee Kun-hee Donation Hall is expected to form a cultural belt for citizens with the gallery, Bukchon Hanok Village, the Craft Museum, and the Modern Museum of Art. Discourses and challenges are needed to recreate the place in harmony with the forests, gardens, the street of citizens' birth, history and culture park, the art museum, and the surrounding walking network.