• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1994

Some ammonium oxalate soluble pectic fragments prepared from cultured cell wall of Ephycla distrahya elicited the accumulation of p-coumarocylamino acids (p-CAA) in E. distachya cultures while water soluble and alkali soluble fractions had no activity. Partial purification of the pectic fragments fraction using DEAE-cellulose chromatography afforded two active fractions (PS-I and PS-II) which were composed of mainly uronic acids (98-99 w/w %). They elicited the accumulation of p-CAA in an amount of 52-60 nmol per gram fresh weight of cultures. The acidic sugar compositions of PS-I and PS-II were found to be galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid by TLC analysis. They were supposed to act as endogenous elicitors of p-CAA accumulation. In order to investigate the effect of ethylene on p-CAA accumulation, Ethrel, which is known as ethylene generator, and ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), a direct precusor of ethylene biosynthesis, were added to the culture. However, they did not glycopeptide elicitor [(Con A-II)], either. Consequently, no relationships between ethylene and p-CAA accumulation were recognized. Several tentative elicitors were teted for their activity. Commercial yeast glucan, $CuCl_2$, laminarin and laminariheptaose had slight activity whereas ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside and commercial yeast mannan had no elicitor activity. ${\alpha}$-methylmannopyranoside which has been known as a tentative inhibitor of glucan elicitor in Glycine max did not affect on the elicitor activity of Con A-II.

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2020

Cancer is one of the leading cause of mortality in India as well as worldwide. The management of cancer by conventional therapy has shown life threatening adverse effects. The researchers are now exploring the natural way of treatment. Unani system of medicine have rich literature for cancer and many compound formulations have been described in this system. Unani system of medicine is based on holistic approach and treat human being as a unit with natural herbs, mineral and animal origin drugs. An important compound Unani formulation (CUF) from the literature has been chosen to explore the Unani claim of its anticancer activity. The phytochemical constituents were assessed using standard phytochemical screening method. Antioxidant property of this formulation was assessed by DPPH assay. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was carried out by colorimetric method and ascorbic acid was taken as a positive control. Three different extracts of CUF on different concentrations were used to screening on human breast cancer (BCC) MCF-7 cell line. For the estimation of in-vitro cytotoxic potency of the investigated extracts was assessed on MTT assay by using trypan blue method and paclitaxel was used as the standard. Hydro-ethanolic (HE) extract showed highest free radical scavenging activity among all extracts. DPPH Assay showed substantial antioxidant activity of these extracts in hydro-ethanol extract at 1㎍ concentration of CUF. The CUF showed antioxidant and anticancer activity. The claim made by Unani physician has been proved.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.41-53
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• 1968

Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of yeast as influenced by gamma-irradiation from cobalt-60 have been carried, then the mechanisms of radiation effect on respiration and fermentation were discussed under considerations of permeable changes of irradiated cell membrane. The cells of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) which had been gamma-irradiated of 240 k.r. doses for an hour, then were put into aerobic oxidation and anaerobic fermentation without substrate. Total and fractionated carbohydrates of irradiated yeast cells were determined by calorimetric method with anthrone and orcinol reagents, the amounts of total carbohydrate, trehalose, RNA-ribose, PCA-soluble glycogen, alkali-soluble glycogen, acetic acid-soluble glycogen, mannan and glucan were determined according to the course of aerobic oxidation and anaerobic fermentation. It is found that the carbohydrates of irradiated cells leak out and amount of the losses teaches eleven times more than that of control, the volume of losses are seems to be replaced by water, it can be suggested the damage of gamma-irradiation occurs in the site of passive transport of cell membrane. The endogeneous aerobic respiration of irradiated cells are increased much more than control, the synthesis of reserve glycogen, glucan and RNA-ribose promoted much more than control. The anaerobic fermentation of irradiated cells are also increased than that of control, but the breakdown of carbohydrate is less than endogeneous respiration of irradiated cells. The synthetic rate is also less than that of aerobic oxidation. In irradiated yeast cells, trehalose is revealed to be primary substrate for endogeneous carbohydrate metabolism, so it is proved that the enzymic patterns are not changed but the activities of enzymes relating endogeneous respiration and autofermentation is activated. It is to be considerable to distiguish endogeneous respiration and autofermentation from exogeneous respiration and fermentation on irradiation, for membrane permeability changes and loses out carbohydrate by ionizing radiation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1269-1274
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• 1997

This study was researched to purify and characterize variety bioactive material acethylmannan from Aloe vera. Purified acethylmannan was mannose (67%), acetyl group (23%) and the rest glucose, galactose that consisting of long chain polydispered ${\beta}-1,4$ linked mannan polymers. The sugar and acetyl group in molecular were linked molar ration one third. $IC_{50}$ value (i.e that concentration which exhibits 50% more enzyme inhibition than control) on angiotensin converting enzyme were 0.58 mM. This compound were found to be a competitive inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme with apparent Ki values of 0.068 mM.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 1995

Korean fresh elephant -foot (Amorphophalus Konjak K. Koch) and its powder were analyzed and compared with foreign samples for the purpose of investigating the physico -chemical characteristics of Korean konjak. The Korean fresh konjak contains 80.64% of moisture and most of the solid component comprises sugar, protein and trace of fat and fibre. The mannan content of Korean konjak powder is far smaller than those of Japanese and Chinese konjak powder. The analysis of the korean konjak protein tells that 45% of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and argi-nine is included other remaining amino acid is larger with the order of valine, serine, leucine, and gly-cine. The Korean konjak contains a moderate amount of K component and other inorganic component increases with the order of P Na and Ca. The yield of konjak refined powder from dried chip was 61% and 51.5% of korean and chinese re-spectively. The whiteness degree of chinese konjak powder was slightly higher than that of korean product but the difference could not be recognized by the naked eye.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

A Bacillus strain capable of hydrolyzing locust bean gum was isolated as a producer of extracellular mannanase by way of an enrichment culture in an acidic medium from homemade soybean pastes. The isolate YB-1401 showed a biochemical identity of 61.1% with Brevibacillus laterosporus, while the nucleotide sequence of its 16S rDNA had the highest similarity with that of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The mannanase productivity of the Bacillus sp. YB-1401 was drastically increased by mannans. Particularly, maximum mannanase productivity was reached at approximately 265 U/ml in LB medium supplemented with konjac glucomannan (4.0%). The mannanase was the most active at $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. Mannanase activity was completely maintained after pre-incubation at pH 3.5 to 11.0 for 1 h. The predominant products resulting from the mannanase hydrolysis were mannobiose and mannotriose for LBG, guar gum or mannooligosaccharides. A small amount of mannose was also detected in the hydrolyzates.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.452-457
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• 1999

Algicidal bacteria were isolated from the mud of south coastal sea of Korean peninsula and screened to evaluate algicidal activity on Cochlodinium polykrikoides. The optimum condition for the development of highest algicidal activity was determined, The optimum sodium chloride concentration for algicidal activity of isolated algicidal bacteria was $3\%$. The optimum temperature, pH and culture time for the highest algicidal activity were $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7 and above 24 hr, respectively. The algicidal activity were significantly increased at the stationary phase of the cell growth and continuously increased up to maximum at the death phase, probably due to the release of algicidal substance by cell Iysis. The effect of zinc ion addition on algicidal activity, was observed and indicated that the substance requires zinc for its activity. The candidate for the algicidal substance may be $\alpha$-mannosidase.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

We evaluated the effects of prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharides, Mos) and probiotic diet supplements on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant activity, and intestinal changes in the microbial flora of red seabream Pagrus major. A basal diet (Con) was formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of red seabream. The dietary starch in Con was replaced with 0.6% Mos, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and probiotic mixture (labeled as Mos, Pro-LP, Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix, respectively). We stocked 450 fish in 18 polypropylene tanks (400 L) in triplicate groups per dietary treatment. The fish were fed one of the diets twice (08:30, 18:30 h) a day for 63 days. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in all the supplemented groups than that of the Con group. The immunoglobulin level of Pro-Mix, anti-protease activity of Pro-BL, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups were significantly higher than those of the Con group. The ratio of total Vibrio/heterotrophic marine bacteria counts was significantly lower in Pro-LP, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups than that of the Con group. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Mos and probiotics to improves immune response and antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibits Vibrio bacteria in the intestine.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.891-898
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of crude oligosaccharide extract from coconut milk meal (CMM) and spent tea leaves (ST) on the performance and gut development of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 240 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were raised on litter-floored pens and had ad libitum access to water for 42 days. The experiment was conducted on chicks fed with basal diet (CON), commercial mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), crude oligosaccharide extract from CMM, and crude oligosaccharide extract from ST. The experimental diets were supplemented with 2 and 1 g/kg oligosaccharides during the starter and grower periods, respectively. Results: The body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the MOS group was higher than that of birds in the other groups (p<0.05) in the starter period. However, during the grower period, ST significantly improved the BWG compared to the MOS (p<0.05). MOS, CMM, and ST showed no influence on the carcass and visceral organ weight and the weight and length of intestine (p>0.05). The digestibility of gross energy was greater (p<0.05) in the CMM group than in the CON group during the grower period. Morphological changes were absent in the dietary treatments (p>0.05). Conclusion: The improvements in the growth performance were partly driven by nutrient digestibility of such oligosaccharides having prebiotic properties. This result can indicate that supplementing broiler diets with crude oligosaccharides from CMM and ST had no negative effect on the growth performance and gut development of broilers.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2023

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an active component of propolis obtained from honeybee hives. CAPE possesses anti-mitogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities in diverse systems, which know as displays antioxidant activity and inhibits lipoxygenase activities, protein tyrosine kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAPE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human neutrophil phagocytosis. Human neutrophils were cultured with various concentrations of CAPE (1, 10, and 100 µM) with or without LPS. The pro-inflammatory proteins (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-8) levels were measured after 4 h incubation. To investigate the intracellular signaling pathway, we measured the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), including phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Next, to evaluate the potential phagocytosis, neutrophils were labeled with iron particles of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, 40 nm) for 1 h in culture medium containing 5 mg/mL of iron. The labeling efficiency was determined by Prussian blue staining for intracellular iron and 3T-wighted magnetic resonance imaging. CAPE decreased the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, including ERK1/2 and c-Jun, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, but had no effect on the signaling pathways of p38 and cytokine IL-8. Furthermore, images obtained after mannan-coated SPION treatment suggested that CAPE induced significantly higher signal intensities than the control or LPS group. Together, these results suggest that CAPE regulates LPS-mediated activation of human neutrophils to reduce phagocytosis.