• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.209-219
• /
• 2024

천연기년물이며 멸종위기어류인 미호종개의 번식생태 및 산란행동을 밝히기 위해 2011년 조사를 실시하였다. 미호종개는 수컷에 성적 이형인 골질반(lamina circularis)이 만 1년생 때 가슴지느러미 제2기조에 생성되어 암·수가 쉽게 구별되었으며, 1월부터 12월까지 암컷 1,288개체, 수컷 881개체가 채집되어 성비는 1 : 0.68이었다. 산란기는 비만도지수의 급격한 하락을 보인 6월 말부터 7월 초(산란성기 6월말, 수온 22~25℃)로 추정되었고, 생식소성숙도는 암컷 17.5±2.11%, 수컷 2.9±0.46%이며, 포란수는 2,444±838개, 난경은 0.75±0.05 mm였다. 산란행동은 실험실에서 호르몬(HCG)을 주사하여 산란을 유도하여 관찰하였다. 실험결과, 암컷과 수컷은 산란이 임박하면 1 : 1로 짝을 이룬 후 수컷이 가슴지느러미 골질반을 이용하여 암컷의 복부를 압박하여 산란을 유도하고 바로 방정하여 수정시켰다. 산란행동은 암·수 1쌍당 15~25 (평균 20)회를 반복하였고, 1회당 80~120개의 난을 산란하였으며, 총 산란량은 평균 2,500±250개였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.22-25
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to estimate daily intake of manganese in Korean adults. Manganese intake was estimated through the use of the database of manganese content in frequently consumed Korean foods after first conducting anthropometric measurement and a survey on dietary intake with 354 Korean adults. Average age, height, weight and body mass index were 54.6 years, 165.7 cm, 67.2 kg and $24.5\;kg/m^2$ in males and 53.8 years, 153.7 cm, 59.1 kg and $24.9\;kg/m^2$ in females. The daily energy intakes of subjects were 1740.1 kcal in males and 1432.6 kcal in females. Male and female subjects recorded, respectively, 5.2 mg and 4.1 mg in manganese intake indicating that the male subjects consume more manganese (p<0.001). And they posted, respectively, 3.0 mg and 2.9 mg in manganese intake per 1000 kcal of energy consumption; it turned out that there was no significant difference. Daily manganese intake of both males and females posted, respectively, 148.8% and 135.2% of the adequate intake, and 8 males and 3 females surpassed the tolerable upper intake level. It is suggested that the study for accurate determination of manganese consumption needs to be more diversified based on the database of manganese content in Korean foods.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.199-213
• /
• 1987

Upon analyzing the literature, it becomes apparent that norms for orthodontic diagnosis were from normal occlusion with pleasing face, and that the form and size of craniofacial skeleton were different between racial or ethnic groups. Therefore, this study was intended to establish Korean adult norms be useful for diagnosing the cases and to compare those to other ethnic or racial groups. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of ninety-one Korean adults with normal occlusion showing pleasing face consisted in forty-three males and forty-eight females. The subjects ranged in age from seventeen to twenty-six years. The tracings involved measurements that were analyzed with a digitizer. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows, 1. Norms of Korean adult males, females, and combined sexes were established. 2 It was found that in the form and shape of craniofacial skeleton, there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females 3. There were a great variation between ethnic or racial groups in the measurements of craniofacial skeleton 4 The size of Korean cranial base was smaller than the American Caucasian. 5 The maxilla and mandible of Korean were less protruded than those of the other ethnic groups 6 The dental pattern of Korean were more proclined than that of the American Caucasian and less protruded than that of the American Negro and the North Indian.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2001

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, which are a subthreshold of alcohol related disorders, Methods : Direct-interview questionnaires to 1,183 rural persons (489 male, 694 female) were conducted in Chungju-city from July 2 to 20, 1998. As a screening instrument, the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was used. Results : The prevalence of alcohol use was 41.7%. In males, it was 66.3% and in females, it was 24.4%. The mean of the AUDIT score of males and females was 13.2 and 5.6, respectively. As WHO guideline, the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in males and females was 80.3% and 20.7%, respectively. This suggests that the prevalence of 'hazardous drinking' and 'harmful drinking' was 45.4% and 29.3% for males and 1.2% and 2.4% for females, respectively. Conclusions : This study presented the prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking of a rural population in Korea and reviewed those health problems. Further evaluation to detect and treat lower alcoholic drinkers is recommended.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.302-310
• /
• 2003

This study was undertaken to assess nutritional status of the low income elderly residing in Gwangju. Anthropometric data showed that mean height of the subjects was lower than that of Korean Standard Growth data but weight was similar to that standard value. As the subjects became older, their heights and weights were decreased. Body mass index (BMI) in males and females were 22.9 and 24.4 respectively. However, BMI distribution showed that 56% of the elderly females under 75 were underweight. Advancing age conoibutes significant difference in triceps skinfold thickness in females (p < 0.001). Total cholesterol level was higher in the elderly females than the males. It was found that a considerable number of subjects had anemia determined by hemoglobin and hematocrit level, which indicated un iron deficiency. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that, except for phosphorus and vitamin C, all the nutrient intakes of the subjects were below 75％ of Korean RDA. Surprisingly, vitamin A and riboflavin intakes of the elderly were below 50％ of Korean RDA. Energy intakes of the elderly males and females were 58.7% and 59.6% of Korean RDA respectively. Unbalanced energy ratios of carbohydrate, protein and fat were noted in both genders. Nutrient intakes of females' were lower than those of males'. Thus, there was a significant gender difference in nutrient intakes. It might be further suggested that an appropriate nutritional program should be developed and implemented to improve the Poor nutritional status of the low income elderly living in cities.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.181-185
• /
• 2019

The traditional calculation of gestation length (GL) in Holstein cows relies solely on the insemination day and has a high error rate for actual calving dates. The present study was conducted to develop a more accurate method of estimating GL. Among 3,578 Holstein cows, the number of fetuses had a significant (p < 0.05) effect, with GLs of 282.4 ± 2.5 days for singletons and 276.0 ± 1.6 days for twins. Within the singleton group, the GLs were 284.6 ± 1.9 days for males and 280.3 ± 1.5 days for females, a significant difference (p < 0.05). However, within the twin group, there was no difference in GLs among twin males, twin females, or twins of both sexes. Gestation was significantly shorter for singleton males born from June to August but significantly longer for twin males born in the May to June period (p < 0.05). Neither parity nor housing type was associated with any significant difference in GL. In order to predict the calving dates of Holstein cows accurately and improve their management, calculations should consider the number and sex of fetuses as well as the insemination season.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1979

This study was conducted to find out the most suitable weight-height index out of the $weight/height^{p}-type$ indices that could be used for the evaluation of nutritional status in an epidemiological survey and for the screening of the obesity. The subjects were chosen randomly, 2,182 males and 719 females from college students and office workers in Seoul districts. The 'best' power-type weight-height index for Korean men and women of all ages from 16 to 59 was found to be $weight/height^{1.54}$ for males and $weight/height^{1.42}$ for females. $Weight/height^2$ (Kaup index), however, was the best suited weight-height index for each age group of both sexes except that relative weight (weight/height) was considered to be desirable to apply for males of teen-aged and of over fifties and for females of over forties of age. Normal ranges of Kaup index values for males and females of each age group were presented in tables 5 and 6. These findings suggest that Koreans are generally leaner than other ethnic groups of the same sex and age.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the 2 week-oral toxicity of Paecilomyces sinclairii in Sprague-Dawley rats. P. sinclairii was daily administered to male and female rats for 2 weeks with different dose levels (0, 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1 and 5 g/kg). There were no clinical signs compared with control group, but a slight increase of white blood cell (WBC) was observed in the males rats receiving all dose levels of P. sinclairii. In biohematological analysis, the levels of glucose and cholesterol in the blood were decreased slightly in the males and females rats at doses of 0.008 or 1 g/ kg. At the all dose groups, there were no significant changes in the body weights, but autopsy findings of all organs showed reduced weights in the thymus of males in the high dose groups of 1 g/ kg and 5 g/kg. These results indicate that P. sinclairii does not induce any significant toxic effect on Sprague-Dawley rats treated for 2 weeks, but the reduced weights of thymus in males may require a further long-term investigation.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the relationships among bone mineral densities (BMD), anthropometric data and lifestyle factors in the elderly. Subjects included 138 elderly (male: 38, female: 100) aged over 65 years, who were home-(dwelling in a low-income area of Puchon City. The BMDs of the lumbar spines (LS), femoral necks (FN), Ward′s triangles (WT) and trochanters (TC) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The females showed significantly lower BMDs in four sites (p < 0.0001) . The elderly aged over 75 revealed significantly more decreased femoral BMDs than the elderly aged 65 to 74. Female with BMIs of 20 to 25, showed significantly higher BMDs in LS, FN and trochanter than those with BMIs of less than 20. However, males displayed significantly higher BMDs in only LS with increasing BMIs. THe BMDs of LS correlated with weights (r = 0.543, p < 0.001), heights (r = 0.477, p < 0.001), upper arm circumferences (r=0.368, p < 0.01), waist circumferences (r=0.367, p < 0.001), subscapular skinfold thicknesses (r=0.363, p < 0.001) and flip circumferences (r=0.231, p < 0.01). Non-smokers and non-drinkers shelved significantly higher BMDs in trochanters only in the case of the males. Female milk-drinkers showed significantly elevated LS BMDs. Eighteen percent of the males were assessed as having osteoporosis, as compared to fifty percent of the females. Ninety-three percent of the females and 81.6% of the males responded that they often or always had "difficulty in standing for a long time".

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.108-124
• /
• 2007

Body measurement was held for the subjects of Chinese adult males in their 20s through 40s residing in the Ningbo area of Zhejiang Province in order to provide body type information and raise the fit of clothing products for the advancement into the Chinese market. The following sums up the analysis of body types based on body measurement: 1. Seven factors to compose body types were produced from the analysis of males in their 20s, explaining 76.07% of variables and representing 3 types according to cluster analysis. Type 1 was H-b and appeared as much as 32.14%. Type 2, semi X-d, was 40.81%, while Type 3, A-i, had 27.04%. 2. Eight body type composing factors were extracted from the analysis of men in their 30s and 40s. The factors explained 76.77% of all the variables and represented 4 types according to cluster analysis. Type 1, H-d, had the appearance rate of 18.47%; Type 2, H-b, 40.84%; Type 3, Y-i, 27.71%; and Type 4, semi X-s, 11.95%.