• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.434-438
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• 2018

The sintering behavior of $BaFe_{12}O_{19}$ with the addition of one and three weight % of $CuWO_4$ as a liquid phase sintering aid is studied. Samples are sintered in the temperature range $900-1250^{\circ}C$ and the effect of $CuWO_4$ addition on density, microstructure, phase composition and magnetic properties is examined. Compared to $BaFe_{12}O_{19}$ with no sintering aid addition, addition of 1 wt % $CuWO_4$ retards densification. Addition of 3 wt % $CuWO_4$ promotes densification at lower sintering temperatures but retards densification at temperatures > $1050^{\circ}C$. Three wt % $CuWO_4$ addition induces the formation of $BaWO_4$ and $Ba_3WFe_2O_9$ secondary phases at temperatures ${\geq}1100^{\circ}C$. Addition of $CuWO_4$ causes a decrease in saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization and coercivity.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.381-393
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• 2002

Recent developments in nanocrystalline and nanocomposite rare earth-transition metal magnets are reviewed and emphasis is placed on research work at IFW Dresden. Principal synthesis methods include high energy ball milling, melt spinning, mold casting and hydrogen assisted methods such as reactive milling and hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination. These techniques are applied to NdFeB-, PrFeB- and SmCo-type systems with the aim to produce high remanence magnets with high coercivity. Concepts of maximizing the energy density in nanostructured magnets by either inducing a texture via anisotropic HDDR or hot deformation or enhancing the remanence via magnetic exchange coupling are evaluated. With respect to high temperature applications melt spun $Sm(Co_{0.74}Fe_{0.1}Cu_{0.12}Zr_{0.04})_{7.5}$ ribbons were prepared, which showed coercivities of up to 0.53 T at 50$0^{\circ}C$. Partially amorphous $Nd_{60}Fe_xCo_{30-x}Al_{10}(0{\leq}x{\leq}30)$ alloys were prepared by copper mold casting. The effect of transition metal content on the glass-forming ability and the magnetic properties was investigated. The $Nd_{60}Co_{30}Al_{10}$ alloy exhibits an amorphous structure shown by the corresponding diffraction pattern. A small substitution of Co by 2.5 at.% Fe results In the formation of Fe-rich crystallites embedded in the Nd-rich amorphous matrix. The Fe-rich crystallites show hard magnetic behaviour at room temperature with a coercivity value of about 0.4 T, relatively low saturation magnetization and a Curie temperature of 500 K.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2011

우리 삶의 질을 좌우하는 전자기 기기의 고기능화, 자동화, 소형화 추이에 따라 사용량이 급격히 증가하고 있는 연자성 소재로서 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 전기강판과 에너지 고효율화라는 시대의 요구에 따라 새롭게 부상되고 있는 연자성 복합 분말 소재에 대해 각 연자성 소재 분야에서 철손 제어 인자 및 이들 인자들의 제어 방안에 대해 문헌을 고찰했다. 전기강판에서는 히스테리시스 손실을 낮추기 위해 정련공정을 통해 자구이동을 방해하는 결함을 제거하고 결정립의 크기를 최적화하고 있으며, 와전류 손실의 감소를 위해 합금첨가원소를 통해 비저항을 높이고 판재의 두께를 박판화하고 있다. 이와 동시에 코팅을 통해 자구의 이동이 용이하도록 응력의 방향 및 크기를 제어하며, 압연기술과 열처리 기술을 통해 집합조직을 최적화하여 고투자율 및 저철손을 동시에 충족시켜 나가고 있다. 연자성 복합 분말 소재의 경우, 분말 표면의 복합화를 통해 철계 조성, 코팅, 윤활재 및 바인더, 성형 및 열처리 조건 등에 복합적으로 의존하는 연자성 코어의 최종 자기특성을 제어하고 있다. 온간 및 다단 성형과 같은 새로운 성형공정, 2단 소둔/자성 열처리와 같은 소둔 조건, 나노결정질, 비정질 및 벌크 비정질 등과 같은 새로운 조성, 적절한 코팅층의 변수들을 최적화할 경우, 연자성 복합 소재의 자성특성은 향상될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2010

We have investigated the effects of post annealing on iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the novel hydrothermal synthesis method with the $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. To investigate the post annealing effect, the as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were annealed at different temperatures in a vacuum chamber. The morphological, structural and magnetic properties of the iron oxide nanoparticles were investigated with high resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Mossbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. According to the XRD and HRTEM analysis results, as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were only magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) phase with face-centered cubic structure but post annealed iron oxide nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ were mainly magnetite phase with trivial maghemite ($\gamma-Fe_2O_3$) phase which was induced in the post annealing treatment. The crystallinity of the iron oxide nanoparticles is enhanced by the post annealing treatment. The particle size of the as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles was about 5 nm and the particle shape was almost spherical. But the particle size of the post annealed iron oxide nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ was around 25 nm and the particle shape was spherical and irregular. The as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior, but post annealed iron oxide nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ did not show superparamagnetic behavior due to the increase of particle size by post annealing treatment. The saturation of magnetization of the as-synthesized nanoparticles, post annealed nanoparticles at $500^{\circ}C$, and post annealed nanoparticles at $700^{\circ}C$ was found to be 3.7 emu/g, 6.1 emu/g, and 7.5 emu/g, respectively. The much smaller saturation magnetization value than one of bulk magnetite can be attributed to spin disorder and/or spin canting, spin pinning at the nanoparticle surface.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

The spherical NiZn ferrite particles were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis with mixed solution of aqueous metal nitrates. The NiZn ferrite particle was observed with nano-sized primary particles of about 10 nm or less before annealing which represented as paramagnetic behavior measured at 77 K and room temperature. The typical abnormal growth of primary particles like polyhedral primary particles was observed by annealing at 1273 K with Zn-concentration dependency. The XRD patterns showed good crystallinity of NiZn ferrite powder after annealing. In annealing process, the intra-particle sintering phenomenon was observed and the spherical particle morphology was collapsed at 1673 K. The saturation magnetization of NiZn ferrite powder for each annealing temperature was decreased with measuring temperature of $77{\sim}$300K.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2017

This paper proposed a new real-time parameter tracking algorithm. Unlike the convenience algorithms, the proposed real-time parameter tracking algorithm can estimate parameters through three-phase voltage and electric current without coordination transformation, and does not need information on magnetic flux. Therefore, it can estimate parameters regardless of the change according to operation point and cross-saturation effect. In addition, as the quasi-real-time parameter tracking technique can estimate parameters through the four fundamental arithmetic operations instead of complicated algorithms such as numerical value analysis technique and observer design, it can be applied to low-performance DSP. In this paper, a new real-time parameter tracking algorithm is derived from three phase equation. The validity and usefulness of the proposed inductance estimation technique is verified by simulation and experimental results.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.997-998
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 영구자석 동기전동기의 영구자석 평균온도를 다이나모 시험을 통해 얻어진 토크 데이터로부터 간접적으로 계산하는 방법이 제시된다. 특히 영구자석의 온도에 따른 잔류자속밀도 변화에 자기 포화 효과를 고려하여 다양한 운전점에서의 온도추이를 간단하고 정확히 계산할 수 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.519-523
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a precise parameter extraction of interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors based on finite element analysis. For the calculation of the two-axis inductances Ld and Lq, the slotting effect and cross magnetization due to torque angle are considered. It is examined that back electro-motive force (BEMF) constant is affected by the magnetic saturation in different ways dependent on motor types. Numerical analyses and some measurements are performed for a spoke type and a flux barrier type IPM motors

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.71-72
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 비선형 최적화 기법을 이용하여 자기 포화(magnetic saturation) 및 교차 결합 현상(cross-coupling effect)을 고려한 매입형 영구자석 전동기(IPMSM)의 실시간 MTPA 제어 방법을 제안한다. 이는 토크 지령 추종과 최소 동손 운전을 만족하는 제한 최적화(constraint optimization) 문제로 접근할 수 있다. 이를 통해 유도한 연립 비선형 방정식의 경우, Levenberg-Marquardt 수치 해석법을 적용하여 안정적이면서 빠르게 해를 구할 수 있다. 이러한 방법을 이용하면 참조표(look-up table) 없이 운전 환경의 실시간 변동을 고려한 효율적인 MTPA 운전이 가능하다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 알고리즘의 전류 해가 최적 운전점과 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.664-669
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• 1992

In this paper, we present a DSP-based high dynamic performance torque control scheme of variable reluctance motors(VRM's) for DD(Direct Drive) robots via function inversion technique. The VRM with our controller behaves like DC motors, and hence developed torque tracks given torque command accurately with no torque ripples. Furthermore, our torque control algorithm ensures the production of maximum constant torque under maximum current limitation, minimizes power loss in each phase resistance, and takes magnetic saturation effect into account. Also, since our control algorithm is represented in the form of look-up table, it can be easily implemented with simple digital circuits and this tabular design method is computationally more accurate and simpler compared to the prior methods.