• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2014

Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) or phytate is considered an anti-nutrient due to the formation of precipitated complexes that strongly reduces the absorption of essential dietary minerals. In this study, brown rice with reduced phytate was made by inoculation with Lactobacillus sakei Wikim001 having high phytase activity. The effects of brown rice extract treated with L. sakei Wikim001 (BR-WK) on osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast formation were investigated. The proliferation of SaOS-2 cells was measured by the MTT assay. Treatment with BR-WK increased cell proliferation by 136% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The Alkaline phosphate activity in SaOS-2 cells was 129% higher when BR-WK was processed at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The proliferation of bone marrow macrophages decreased by nearly 60% in response to treatment with BR-WK. In addition, BR-WK reduced the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive ($TRAP^+$) multinucleated cells from bone marrow macrophages. These results indicate that BR-WK stimulates bone formation through its positive action on osteoblast differentiation and function and furthermore, decreases osteoclast differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.25-38
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• 2000

The research follows several steps. First, the chinese 'WangSung' and 'KungSi' System are verified positively. Next, the structure of palace in Choson Dynasty is deduced based on those chinese systems. Finally, the common system that is also applied in other government-operated spaces is found. The result can be summarized as follows. It is clarified from reviewing the chinese 'WangSung' and 'KungSil' Systems that the 'OyoiCho' is located in 'WhangSung(the imperial city) but out of' KungSung(the palace). Therefore, the research points out that all sort of theories explaining the 'OyoiCho' of Choson Dynasty is a space of 'in-place' are false. The palace system of Choson dynasty seeks the substantiality grounded on the substantial function of 'SamCho(three spaces)' rather than its strict principle dividing main spaces by several doors-'KungMoon' Moreover, it is also certified that the 'ChonChoHooChim' system, literally the political court is located at the front and the private section is at the other(back) side, is directly applied on the palace of Choson Dynasty. This idea has been developed into 'inner and outer' concept and repressed in palace as the 'OyoiChon(outer palace) and NaeChon(inner palace)' concept. conclusion, the research suggests that the dual concept in space such as 'ChonHoo(front and back) and 'NaeOyoi(inner and outer)' basically comes from 'Eum Yang' theory and influences in building other government-operated spaces: for example 'ChongMyo(the royal ancestors shrine)', 'SoWon(a private school of Choson dynasty), 'HyangKyo(a local school annexed to the Confucian shrine)' and 'KwanAh(a governmet agency)'

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.779-785
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• 2015

Recently, home energy management system (HEMS) for power consumption reduction has been widely used and studied. The HEMS performs electric power consumption control for the indoor electric device connected to the HEMS. However, a traditional HEMS is used for passive control method using some particular power saving devices. Disadvantages with this traditional HEMS is that these power saving devices should be newly installed to build HEMS environment instead of existing home appliances. Therefore, an HEMS, which performs with existing home appliances, is needed to prevent additional expenses due to the purchase of state-of-the-art devices. In this paper, an intelligent inference algorithm for EMS at home for non-power saving electronic equipment, called legacy devices, is proposed. The algorithm is based on the adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and has a subsystem that notifies retraining schedule to the ANFIS to increase the inference performance. This paper discusses the overview and the architecture of the system, especially in terms of the retraining schedule. In addition, the comparison results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate than the classic ANFIS-based EMS system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.355-358
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• 2007

To develop a sustained-release tablet which had the similar dissolution to commercial ibudilast-loaded sustained-release capsule, the tablets were prepared using hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), ethylcellulose (EC) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), and dissolution test were carried out with paddle method in KP. The tablet prepared only with HPMCP and EC showed sno similar dissolution pattern to the commercial product. As the ratio of HPMCP/HPC in tablet decreased, the dissolution rate of drug decreased in pH 1.2 but increased in pH 6.8. Furthermore, an ibudilast-loaded sustained-release tablet composed of [ibudilast/EC/HPMCP/HPC (10/10/170/10 mg/tab)] gave similar dissolution to commercial product in pH 1.2 for 3 h and in pH 6.8 for 10 h. Thus, it could be a potential candidate for the substitute of commercial capsule.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle activation associated with foot position during a sit-to-stand exercise among normally healthy elderly subjects. Methods: Eight subjects (male=3; female=5; mean age=$70.13{\pm}{\pm}2.53$years) were recruited.The activation of six muscles (neck extensor; lumbar extensor; hamstring; rectus femoris; gastrocnemius; tibialis anterior) was measured by surface EMG (TeleMyo 2400T G2, Noraxon Inc., USA) during a sit-to-stand protocol under three different foot positions (ankle dorsiflexion of 0, 15, or 30 degrees). Results: Muscle activation of the neck extensor and hamstring was decreased according to the change in foot position (p<0.05), but activation of the rectus femoris was increased (p<0.05). Muscle activation of the neck extensor was significantly different between 0 and 15 degrees (p<0.05). Muscle activation of the hamstring was significantly different between 0 and 15 degrees and between 0 and 30 degrees (p<0.05). Muscle activation of the rectus femoris was significantly different between 0 and 30 degrees and between 15 and 30 degrees (p<0.05). However, activation of lumbar extensor, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles did not significantly differ between foot positions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that muscle activation during a sit-to-stand movement differs depending on foot position. We believe that these differences should be considered when educating the elderly regarding proper body movements.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2011

In order to develop an efficient, reliable and reproducible tissue culture system for reed (Phragmites communis Trinius), an efficient plant regeneration system via callus induction was established using mature seeds as explants. MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BA was optimal for callus induction from mature seeds. The highest frequency (88.7%) of callus formation was obtained in 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. The highest plant regeneration frequency (59.6%) was found when the embryogenic calli were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 100 mg/L myo-inositol, whereas, adding of plant growth regulators was not so promising in this case. Our result would be useful for development of transgenic reed plants.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) have recently emerged in Korean hospitals, as well as in those of other countries. VRE have been partially attributed to the overuse and misuse of vancomycin. The mecbanisms of VRE resistance are related to VanA, VanB, and VanC. Both VanA and VanB produce abnormal ligase enzymes to form D-ala-D-lactate termini in E. faecium and E. faecalis, instead of D-ala-D-ala termini. Meanwhile, Van C produces D-ser-D-ala termini in E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus. These abnormal termini have a low affinity to vancomycin. As a result, VRE avoid the activity of vancomycin by these mechanisms. Unfortunately, there is no approved therapy for the treatment of VRE. Thus, available but uncommonly prescribed antibiotics (due to their toxicity or unproven efficacy) may become possible options. They include chloramphenicol, novobiocin, fosfomycin, and bacitracin. The combination therapy of available agents may also be the other options. They include high doses of a penicillin- or ampicillin-aminoglycoside combination, high doses of an ampicillin/sulbactam and aminoglyoosidcs combination, an ampicillin and vancomycin combination, and a ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides, and rifampin combination. With respect to the near future, many types of investigational agents will most likely expand their treatment options for VRE. Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide, can be used for VanB- and VanC-related VRE. LY333328, a new generation of glycopeptide, is effective in treating VanA as well as VanB and VanC. RP59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin), a streptogramin, is effective in treating vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. New generation quinolones (especially clinatloxacin) are potential options for the treatment of VRE, even though they cannot work as effectively against VRE as they can against Staphylococci. Both glycylcyclines (a new generation of tetracyclines) and ketolides (a new generation of macrolides) show good activity against Enterococci, regardless of vancomycin susceptibility. Oxazolidinones (i. e. eperezolid and 1inezolid) and everninomicins (i. e. SCH27899) are new groups of antibiotics, which also demonstrate good activity against VRE. It is imperative that clinical pharmacists take the responsibility of investigating new treatment options for VRE in order to combat this growing problem throughout the world.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.562-570
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• 2019

${\beta}$-Glucosylglycerol (${\beta}-GG$) and their derivatives have potential applications in food, cosmetics and the healthcare industry, including antitumor medications. In this study, ${\beta}-GG$ and its unnatural glycosides were synthesized through the transglycosylation of two enzymes, Sulfolobus shibatae ${\beta}$-glycosidase (SSG) and Deinococcus geothermalis amylosucrase (DGAS). SSG catalyzed a transglycosylation reaction with glycerol as an acceptor and cellobiose as a donor to produce 56% of ${\beta}-GGs$ [${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}1/3$)-$\text\tiny{D}$-glycerol and ${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-$\text\tiny{D}$-glycerol]. In the second transglycosylation reaction, ${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}1/3$)-$\text\tiny{D}$-glycerol was used as acceptor molecules of the DGAS reaction. As a result, 61% of ${\alpha}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}1/3$)-$\text\tiny{D}$-glycerol and 28% of ${\alpha}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-maltopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}1/3$)-$\text\tiny{D}$-glycerol were synthesized as unnatural glucosylglycerols. In conclusion, the combined enzymatic synthesis of the unnatural glycosides of ${\beta}-GG$ was established. The synthesis of these unnatural glycosides may provide an opportunity to discover new applications in the biotechnological industry.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.249-255
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• 2019

This study focused on application and examination of the goal attainment scale(GAS) to participants diagnosed as schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. The participants were instructed to set their own goals and evaluate them using the GAS. Scores of each participant's GAS were later calculated to determine the level of goal attainment. A single group pre-post test design and linear mixed effects models were used to examine application and effectiveness of the GAS. The results found that the average GAS scores increased along with observations and the rate of the increase were statistically significant. In addition, this study indicated the importance of self-determined goal setting, goal attainment, and supports of the process. Practical implication and limitation of this study were also discussed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.321-325
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• 2018

In this study, we evaluated the possibility of wrinkle-reducing functional cosmetic material of isoquercitrin (IQC) isolated from Nymphoides indica (NP) by measuring the efficacy of ROS inhibition, procollagen synthesis induction, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 inhibition. As a result, ROS tended to be inhibited in a concentration dependent manner, and the procollagen protein synthesis rate was increased by 70% ($5{\mu}g/mL$) and the MMP-1 protein was decreased by 41% ($5{\mu}g/mL$) compared with the control. This was suggested the ability of IQC to induce the procollagen synthesis and to reduce the ROS and MMP-1 production. Therefore, it is considered that IQC isolated from NP has enough value to be a functional cosmetic material.