• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 2020

Pseudomonas tolaasii is a pathogen causing brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms. In previous study, various strains of P. tolaasii were isolated from the mushrooms with disease symptoms and they were further divided into Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ subtypes according to the 16S rRNA gene analysis. To investigate the secretion of peptide toxins, tolaasin and its analog peptides, culture extracts of Pt group strains were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography. Those of Ptα subtype strains contained two chromatographic peaks, band A and B. Meanwhile, those of Ptβ and Ptγ subtype strains contained mainly band A component and a little of band B. Molecular weights of toxic peptides of culture extracts were measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In Ptα subtype strains, the peptide compositions of band A and B were same including tolaasin I (1,987 Da), tolaasin II (1,943 Da), and its two analog peptides, 1,973 Da and 2,005 Da. The strains of Ptβ and Ptγ subtype secreted many components of MW 1,100-1,200 Da, but they did not synthesize any tolaasin-like peptides. These results suggest that the only Ptα subtype strains secrete tolaasin and its analog peptide toxins and the strains of Ptβ and Ptγ subtypes have different pathogenic characters causing brown blotch disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.570-582
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• 2020

Purpose: Obesity is a risk factor for various adult diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and cancer. With an increasing obesity population worldwide, the prevention of obesity with natural components has emerged as an alternative health care strategy. Ramulus mori (Sangzhi, RM) is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in East Asia. It contains various phytochemicals, including stilbenes and 2-arylbenzofurans. In this study, we compared the anti-obesity effects of RM extracts and its major stilbene components (mulberroside A [MSA] and oxyresveratrol [ORT]) in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Methods: Five week-old, male C57BL/6J mice were grouped into 7 experimental groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD + 1% RM water extracts (MW), HFD + 0.1% MSA, HFD + 1% RM ethanol extracts (ME), HFD + 0.1% ORT, and HFD + 1% Garcinia cambogia extracts (GC) as a positive control. All mice were fed experimental diet for 13 weeks. Results: Compared to the HFD group, total body weight and weekly body weight gain were significantly decreased in the ME, ORT, and GC groups. Glucose tolerance level was significantly decreased in all experimental groups, whereas plasma insulin level was decreased in MSA, ME, ORT and GC groups. Plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased in the MSA, ORT, and GC groups. Hepatic TG accumulation was also significantly decreased in the MSA, ME, ORT, and GC groups. Adipose tissue weight and size of adipocytes were significantly decreased in the MSA, ME and ORT groups, and were comparable to values obtained in the GC group. The levels of adiponectin and SREBP1c mRNA expressions were increased in the ORT and GC groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that ME, ORT and MSA exert significant anti-obesity effect, and have the potential to be developed as a weight control ingredient of functional foods.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.228-240
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• 2021

The organic solvent robust polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes were prepared as organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane for the recycling of alcoholic solvents using non-solvent induced phase separation with different dope solution concentration and coagulant composition of water/ethanol mixtures to control the membrane morphology and permeation performance. Investigation on crosslinking of polybenzimidazole indicated that the membrane crosslinked with dibromoxylene (DBX) had enough mechanical strength and solvent resistance to be applied as a OSN membranes. The crosslinked PBI membrane prepared by more than 20wt% dope concentration coagulated in water showed a rejection of > 90% to Congo Red (MW of 696.66 g/mol) while pure ethanol permeances was more than 22.5 LMH/bar at 5 bar. Investigation on coagulant composition indicated that ethanol permeance through crosslinked PBI OSN membrane increased with increasing of ethanol concentration in water/ethanol mixture coagulants.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2021

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is widely used as a method of removing nitrogen oxide in large-capacity thermal power generation systems. Uniform mixing of the injected ammonia and the inlet flue gas is very important to the performance of the denitrification reduction process in the catalyst bed. In the present study, a computational analysis technique was applied to the ammonia injection system design process of a denitrification facility. The applied model is the denitrification facility of an 800 MW class coal-fired power plant currently in operation. The flow field to be solved ranges from the inlet of the ammonia injection system to the end of the catalyst bed. The flow was analyzed in the two-dimensional domain assuming incompressible. The steady-state turbulent flow was solved with the commercial software named ANSYS-Fluent. The nozzle arrangement gap and injection flow rate in the ammonia injection system were chosen as the design parameters. A total of four (4) cases were simulated and compared. The root mean square of the NH3/NO molar ratio at the inlet of the catalyst layer was chosen as the optimization parameter and the design of the experiment was used as the base of the optimization algorithm. The case where the nozzle pitch and flow rate were adjusted at the same time was the best in terms of flow uniformity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.91-101
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• 2022

The 1995 Kobe earthquake caused a massive damage to the Port of Kobe. Therefore, it was pointed out that it was impossible to design port structures for Level II (Mw 6.5) earthquakes with quasi-static analysis and Allowable Stress Design methods. In Japan and the United States, where earthquakes are frequent, the most advanced design standards for port facilities are introduced and applied, and the existing seismic design standards have been converted to performance-based design. Since 1999, the Korean Port Seismic Design Act has established a definition of necessary facilities and seismic grades through research on facilities that require seismic design and their seismic grades. It has also established a performance-based seismic design method based on experimental verification. In the performance-based seismic design method of the breakwater proposed in this study, the acceleration time history on the surface of the original ground was subjected to a fast Fourier transform, followed by a filter processing that corrected the frequency characteristics corresponding to the maximum allowable displacement with respect to performance level of the breakwater and the filtered spectrum. The horizontal seismic coefficient for the equivalent static analysis considering the displacement was calculated by inversely transforming (i.e., subjected to an inverse fast Fourier transform) into the acceleration time history and obtaining the maximum acceleration value. In addition, experiments and numerical analysis were performed to verify the performance-based seismic design method of breakwaters suitable for domestic earthquake levels.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 1994

To investigate effects of water stress on leaf water potential, nitrate reductase activity and abscisic acid content, Paldalkong, Saealkong and Danyeobkong were subjected to water stress by polyethyene glycol(PEG, MW=6,000) in the water culture and withholding irrigation in soil culture. Leaf water potential and nitrate reductase activity decreased with increaseing of PEG concentration in the water culture. These were higher at 3rd and 5th leaf stage than at 1st leaf stage. Leaf water potential showed no significant differance among the varieties, but nitrate redutase activity was higher in Paldalkong than in Saealkong and Danyeobkong. Leaf water potential and nitrate reductase activity decreased approximately 2.2 times (-1.67 MPa/-0.75MPa) and 47%(3.1${\mu}$ mole nitrite/g.DW/hour/15.9${\mu}$ mole nitrite/g.DW/hour) to control, respectively, after 3 days from water stress treatment in the soil culture. According to increasing PEG concentration, abscisic acid content increased in the water culture and was higher at 5th leaf stage than at 1st and 3rd leaf stage. Paldalkong showed the highest abscisic acid content. Abscisic acid content increased approximately 1.7 times (9.9nmole/g.DW/5.7nmole/g.DW) compared to the control after 3 days from water stress treatment in the soil culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1201-1208
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• 2022

In general, to maximize the supply and efficiency of floating offshore wind power generation energy, the motion caused by wave attenuation of the substructure must be reduced. According to previous studies, the motion response was reduced due to the vortex viscosity generated by the damping plate installed in the lower structure among the waves. In this study, a 5 MW semi-submersible OC5 platform and two platforms with attenuation plates were designed, and free decay experiments and numerical calculations were performed to confirm the effect of reducing motion due to vortex viscosity. As a result of the model test, when the heave free decay tests were conducted at drop heights of 30 mm, 40 mm, and 50 mm, compared with the OC5 platform, the platform with two types of damping plates attached had relatively improved motion damping performance. In the model test and numerical calculation results, the damping plate models, KSNU Plate 1 and KSNU Plate 2, were 1.1 times and 1.3 times lower than OC5, respectively, and the KSNU Plate 2 platform showed about two times better damping performance than OC5. This study shows that the area of the damping plate and the vortex viscosity are closely related to the damping rate of the heave motion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.1 s.78
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• pp.115-126
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• 2000

Dental arch expansion is one of the method used to solve the dental crowding problem by non-extraction. Many formulae using tooth size have been suggested to predict ideal inter-premolar and inter-molar width. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of some upper dental arch width prediction methods, namely Pont's method, Schmuth's method and Cha's method. The sample consisted of the casts of 119 Korean young adults who had no muscular abnormality, no skeletal discrepancy, and Angle's Class I molar relationships. Measurements were obtained directly from plaster casts; they Included mesiodistal crown diameters of the four maxillary incisors, as well as maxillary inter-first-premolar and inter-first-molar arch widths as specified by Pont. The correlation coefficients between the sum of incisors(SI) and upper dental arch width were calculated. The differences between predicted width and actual width were classified as overestimated, properestimated, and underestimated. The data obtained from each group were analyzed for statistical differences. The results were as follows : 1. Upper dental arch width indices were calculated from SI in normal occlusion (81.96 : premolar index, 62.55 : molar index). 2. Low correlations between SI and arch width were noted in normal occlusion (0.50 in the inter-premolar width, 0.39 in the inter-molar width). 3. Pont's formula and Schmuth's formula tended to overestimate the inter-premolar width. A more even distribution of estimates was noted in Cha's fomula. 4. Cases within $\pm$1 mm range of observed inter-premolar width were $45\%$ in the Cha's formula, $40\%$ in the Pont's formula, and $39\%$ in the Schmuth's formula. 5. All formulae had a tendency to underestimate the inter-molar width, but Cha's formula had better predictability than others. 6. Cases within $\pm$1 mm range of observed inter-molar width were $40\%$ in the Cha's formula, $29\%$ in the Pont's formula, and $13\%$ of Schmuth's formula. The data presented in this study does not support the clinical usefulness of ideal arch width prediction methods using the mesiodistal width of maxillary incisors.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 1988

In many of the helminthic infections, diagnosis is accomplished by the demonstration of the eggs or, occasionally the adult worms or their parts. Diagnosis can be made by the identification of larval stage obtained from stool or surgically extracted materials too. However some kinds of parasitic disease can not be diagnosed by above mentioned procedure alone. Brain cysticercosis, ectopic paragonimiasis, Capillaria hepatica infection in liver is a good example. In such a case, immunologic method would be helpful for the decision of physician. In this paper, immunologic tools such as indirect hemagglutination test, indirect fluorescent antibody test, circumoval precipitation test, ELISA, western blot were applied for the diagnosis of Clonorchis sinenisis, Cysticercosis and C. hepatica a infection and their efficacy was evaluated. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) In the diagnosis of clonorchiasis, ELISA revealed sensitiveity of 83.3%, but cross reaction against antibody of Paragonimus westermani and Taenia species were observed. For the identification of cross reaction and species specific band of Ag-Ab reaction, western blot was applied. 59Kd relative molecular weight and 21Kd band were identified as a Clonorchis sinensis specific band. OD values of ELISA performed with sera of 18 months after praziquantel treatment decreased to half level compared to that of before treatment. Negative conversion rate of ELISA after 18 months of treatment was 60%. 2) In the diagnosis of cysticercosis, IFAT disclosed 95.8%(23/24) of sensitivity and reaction was most strongly occurred in inner membrane. ELISA revealed 90.0% (36/40) of sensitivity, but cross reaction was observed in both technique. In western blot, 91, 63 and 21Kd Mw bands were identified as a strongly positive band. Among them 63Kd band showed positive reaction against almost all sera of cysticercosis patient. 3) Circumoval precipitation, ELISA, IFAT, showed 85.0% of sensitivity in the diagnosis of C. hepatica infection in rat. The antigenic localities were inner membrane of sectioned egg antigen on the prectipitates around the mucoid plugs which were induced by circumoval precipitation reaction. Sera from rats infected with 2000eggs were collected periodically to observe the changing patterns of antibody titers by IFAT and ELISA, which showed that high titers were detected at weeks 3 and 5, then gradually declined through weeks 9until to negatively converted at weeks 13.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2014

Wedge filter could use to increase the dose distribution at the hot dose regions. We evaluated dose discrepancy at surface and build region in the infield and outfield that Metal Wedge (MW) and Enhance Dynamic Wedge (EDW) were interact with photon. In this paper, we used Gafchromic EBT3 film that had excellent spatial resolution, composed the water equivalent materials and changed the optical density without development. The set up conditions of linear accelerator were fixed 6 MV photon, 100 cm SSD, $10{\times}10cm^2$ field size and were irradiated 400 cGy at Dmax. The dose distribution and absorbed dose were evaluated when we compared the open field with $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ metal wedge and enhanced dynamic wedge. A $15^{\circ}$ metal wedge could increase the surface and build up region dose than using a $15^{\circ}$ enhanced dynamic wedge. A $30^{\circ}$ metal wedge could decrease the surface and build up region dose than using a $30^{\circ}$ enhanced dynamic wedge. A $45^{\circ}$ metal wedge could decrease by large deviation the surface and build up region dose than using a $15^{\circ}$ enhanced dynamic wedge. The dose of penumbra region at outfield were increased on the thick side but were decreased on the thin side. It could be decrease the surface dose and build up region dose, if the metal wedge filters were properly used to make a good dose distribution and not closed the distance of surface.