• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3383-3387
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• 2015

Portulaca oleracea (Family: Portulacaceae), is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor activities. However, cytotoxic effects of seed oil of Portulaca oleracea against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines have not been studied previously. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Portulaca oleracea seed oil on HepG2 and A-549 cell lines. Both cell lines were exposed to various concentrations of Portulaca oleracea seed oil for 24h. After the exposure, percentage cell viability was studied by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and cellular morphology by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed a concentration-dependent significant reduction in the percentage cell viability and an alteration in the cellular morphology of HepG2 and A-549 cells. The percentage cell viability was recorded as 73%, 63%, and 54% by MTT assay and 76%, 61%, and 50% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in HepG2 cells. Percentage cell viability was recorded as 82%, 72%, and 64% by MTT assay and 83%, 68%, and 56% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in A-549 cells. The 100 $100{\mu}g/ml$ and lower concentrations were found to be non cytotoxic to A-549 cells, whereas decrease of 14% and 12% were recorded by MTT and NRU assay, respectively in HepG2 cells. Both HepG2 and A-549 cell lines exposed to 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of Portulaca oleracea seed oil lost their normal morphology, cell adhesion capacity, become rounded, and appeared smaller in size. The data from this study showed that exposure to seed oil of Portulaca oleracea resulted in significant cytotoxicity and inhibition of growth of the human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

배양된 췌장베타세포와 신경세포를 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), 11.1 mM glucose의 normal 조건과 1% FBS, 30 mM glucose의 hyperglycemia 조건으로 배양하고, 저 LET X-선을 0.5 Gy/hr의 선량률로 총 선량이 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 Gy가 되도록 저 LET 방사선을 조사한 후 MTT assay로 생존율을 측정하고 비교하였다. 분화된 췌장베타세포에 방사선을 조사하지 않았을 때는 normal 조건에 비해 hyperglycemia 조건의 생존율이 경미한 감소를 보였다. 그러나 X선의 총 선량이 점차 누적됨에 따라 normal 조건에서 생존율이 조금씩 감소하는 것에 비해 hyperglycemia 조건에서는 급격히 감소하여 시너지 효과를 나타냈다. 미분화된 신경세포에서는 방사선을 조사하지 않은 때도 normal 조건에 비해 hyperglycemia 조건의 생존율이 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. X선의 총 선량이 점차 누적됨에 따라 normal 과 hyperglycemia 조건 모두에서 비교적 급격한 세포사멸이 나타났지만 그 생존율의 감소비율이 거의 평행하게 진행되어 시너지 효과를 보이지 않았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2012

Whole plants of Zostera asiatica were extracted twice with acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) in turn. The combined crude extracts were evaporated in vacuo and then the residue was partitioned between water and methylene chloride. The aqueous layer was fractionated into $H_2O$ and n-butanol and then the organic layer was also fractionated into 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane, successively. The crude extracts and their solvent fractions were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on growth of human cancer cells AGS, HT-29, MCF-7, and HT-1080 cells by MTT reduction assay. Among samples tested, 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions showed strong cytotoxic effect against AGS, HT-29, and MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, for HT-1080 cell, 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibited the strongest cytotoxic effect.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2006

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the extracts from Inula japonica. I. japonica was extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water, and then cytotoxic activity of these extracts were evaluated. The cytotoxic activity of each extract was assessed by the MTT-dye reduction assay. Both ethanol and acetone extracts from I. japonica showed the cytotoxic activity against the HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the ethanol extract was fractionated with n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water according to degree of Polarity, The diethyl ether fraction showed the highest cytotoxic activity against HT-29 cells, but the other fractions showed low cytotokic activity. In addition, diethyl ether layer also showed the cytotoxic activity against various tumor cells, such as human colon carcinoma SW620, human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa, and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells as well as HT-29 cells. These studies support that extracts of I. japonica may be a potential candidate as possible chemotherapeutic agent against human cancer.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2003

Seok-jeong (SJ) is a solution of various metal ions and numerous other organic substances produced through extraction and fermentation of herbs and soil using geo-microbes, and it has been shown to improve symptoms of senile dementia. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SJ against neurotoxicity of cadmium in HT22 hippocampal neuron cell line. SJ significantly protected from the cadmium-induced decreased cell viability measured by MTT assay (p＜0.01). The protective effects of SJ against cadmium toxicity were confirmed through observing morphological changes using inverted microscope. Additionally, SJ significantly repressed the formation of lipid peroxidation induced by high concentration of cadmium, and likewise, significantly repressed the reduction of glutathione by cadmium in HT22 cells. Vitamin C at the concentration found in SJ did not show any protective effect against cadmium toxicity in HT22 cells, indicating that vitamin C may not have a major role in the protective mechanism of SJ. Taken together, these results suggest that SJ may be a valuable agent for the protection of cadmium toxicity on the neuronal cells, and that the mechanism of the action of SJ may be due to reduced lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione level.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.290-294
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• 2008

The objective of this study is screening the anti-oxidative effects of several plant MeOH extracts against oxidative stress in Neuroblastoma cell. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurotoxicity, neurodegenerative disorders and cell death. This oxidative stress is generated by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) such as nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, peroxyl, superoxide ($O_2^-$), hydroxyl, alkoxyl. So, in the present study, we induced oxidative stress by treatment of sodium nitroprusside (2.5 mM) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell which was treated samples before 24hr, and cell viability was measured by MTT reduction assay. Of those tested, the extracts of Paeonia japonica (roots), Eucommia ulmoides (炒)(barks), Paeonia japonica (曝乾)(roots), Phyllostachys bambusoides (stems), Polygala tenuifolia (去心, 炒)(roots), Paeonia japonica (roots), Polygala tenuifolia (roots), Machilus thunbergii (barks), Mallotus japonicus (leaves), Poria cocos (whole), Sophora flavescens (roots), Angelica tenuissima (roots), Angelica gigas (當歸尾)(roots) showed anti-oxidative effects[$EC_{50}$<15.20 ${\mu}g$/ml(Carnosine:Positive control)]in dose dependent manner.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

자색고구마 추출물의 항산화 효과와 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 PC12 신경세포에 대한 보호효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 자색고구마 추출물의 총 페놀함량은 44.25 mg/g, monomeric anthocyanin 함량은 2,394 mg/L로 나타났다. 자색고구마 추출물의 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylben-zthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 소거활성, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) 및 환원력은 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide} reduction assay를 이용하여 자색고구마 추출물의 신경세포 보호효과를 측정한 결과, 세포 생존율이 두드러지게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 산화적 스트레스는 신경세포막 손상 정도를 증가시키기 때문에 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay와 neutral red uptake assay를 이용하여 세포막 손상 보호효과를 조사한 결과 자색고구마 추출물 처리구는 대조구에 비하여 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 세포막 손상 보호효과가 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. 따라서 자색고구마 추출물은 천연 항산화 소재 및 알츠하이머성 치매와 같은 신경퇴행성 질환의 예방 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 기대된다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2008

The flower buds of Tussilago farfara (TF) have been traditionally used in oriental medicine for the treatment of bronchitis and asthma. In our study, the primary objective was to determine the mechanisms that are inherent to TF-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, using the methanolic extract of TF (TFM) in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. We found that TFM-induced induced cytotoxicity in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was verified via an MTT reduction assay, an lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and a colony formation assay. Interestingly, we also detected apoptotic bodies on Hoechst staining, and attempted to determine whether TFM-induced apoptosis involved the caspase pathway using a caspase-3/7 activity assay. Overall, the results indicate that TFM contain chemotherapeutic agents and potential candidates use for against human colon cancer cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2885-2889
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• 2013

Goniothalamin is an active compound extracted from Goniothalamus griffithii, a local plant found in northern Thailand. Goniothalamin inhibits cancer cell growth but is also toxic to normal cells. The aims of this study were to identify the cytotoxic effect of goniothalamin and the mechanism of cell death in human HL-60 and U937 cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay and cell cycle profiles were demonstrated by staining with propidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was confirmed by staining with annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry. Reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was determined by staining with dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide and flow cytometry and expression of Smac, caspase-8 and -9 was demonstrated by Western blotting. Goniothalamin inhibited growth of HL-60 and U937 cell lines. An increase of SubG1 phase was found in their cell cycle profiles, indicating apoptosis as the mode of cell death. Apoptosis was confirmed by the flip-flop of phosphatidylserine using annexin V-FITC/PI assay in HL60 and U937 cells in a dose response manner. Furthermore, reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was found in both cell types while expression of caspase-8, -9 and Smac/Diablo was increased in HL-60 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that goniothalamin-treated human leukemic cells undergo apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2006

미더덕(Styela clava)은 척색동물문 미색동물아문에 속하는 해양생물로서, 독특한 향과 맛으로 인해 식품에 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 미더덕의 생리활성물질로의 활용가능성을 탐색하고자 미더덕을 전체, 살 및 껍질 부분으로 나누어 아세톤으로 추출한 뒤 산화적 DNA 손상억제 및 항암 활성을 측정하였다. 미더덕 각 부위 추출물을 5, 10, $50\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 백혈구에 처리한 후 200\;{\mu}M의 $H_2O_2$로 산화적 스트레스를 유발하여 DNA 손상 억제 정도를 검증하기 위해 comet assay를 실시하였다. 미더덕 전체 추출물을 5, 10, $50\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 백혈구에 처리했을 때 손상된 DNA tail 부분의 DNA 함량을 측정한 % fluorescence in tail이 26.9, 27.0, 23.8%로 63.9%인 $H_2O_2$ 처리 양성대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으며 미더덕살 추출물의 경우, 5, 10, $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ 처리시 농도에 의한 효과 차이는 볼 수 없었지만 양성대조구에 비해 유의적으로 DNA 손상정도가 감소하였다. 미더덕 껍질 추출물의 경우 같은 농도로 처리했을 때 각각 농도 의존적이며 유의적으로 DNA 손상정도가 감소하였다. 인간 대장암 유래의 세포주 HT-29의 성장억제 효과에 조사하기 위해 미더덕 부위별 아세톤 추출물을 10, 50, 100, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 각각 처리한 뒤 MTT reduction assay 방법으로 측정한 결과, 각 추출물에 대해 전체적으로 농도의존적으로 암세포 성장 억제효과가 증가되었다. 전체, 살, 껍질 부위별 추출물을 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 첨가하였을 때 각각 90.5%, 82.0%, 75.2%로 비교적 낮은 활성을 보였지만, $500\;{\mu}g/ml$로 처리했을 때 각각 26.9%, 30.6%, 12.0%로 급격히 활성이 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 껍질 부분의 아세톤 추출물이 강한 DNA 손상억제 및 암세포 성장 억제 효과를 보임을 알 수 있었다.