• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.579-585
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of potassium silicate on the growth and leaf epidermal characteristics of horticultural crops viz., begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto) 'Super Olympia Red' and 'Super Olympia Rose' and pansy (Viola ${\times}$ wittrockiana Hort.) 'Matrix White Blotch' and 'Matrix Yellow Blotch' in vitro. Seeds after germination were grown on a quarter strength MS medium supplemented with potassium silicate ($K_2SiO_3$) at 0, 100, 200, or $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and were maintained under a photoperiod of 16 hours at $25^{\circ}C$. Growth parameters such as plant height, root length, chlorophyll content, fresh, and dry weights have been recorded after a growth period of 58 days for begonia and 94 days for pansy. In begonia, fresh weight was significantly greatest in the $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment in both 'Super Olympia Red' and 'Super Olympia Rose'. In both pansy cultivars, fresh weight was the greatest in the $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than other treatments. Chlorophyll content was significantly greater in the $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment for both the cultivars of begonia. Leaf area significantly increased with the higher concentrations of $K_2SiO_3$ treatment in both cultivars of pansy. Stomatal structures on the leaf epidermis were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In begonia 'Super Olympia Rose', the structure of stomata were more compact in size in the $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than in the control. Similarly, in pansy 'Matrix White Blotch' the surface of stomata appeared to be smoother in the $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $K_2SiO_3$ treatment than those wrinkled appearance in the control. The surface of the leaf epidermis appeared to be compact due to Si deposition, and thus results indicated that Si positively affected the growth and biomass production of these species. Our data show that the effect of Si on growth parameters is strongly dependent on cultivar of the plant species tested.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2016

Propionic acidemia (PA) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder of the organic acid metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC). PCC is a heteropolymeric enzyme composed of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-subunits. The clinical symptoms of PA are heterogeneous and present vomiting, dehydration, hypotonia, and lethargy, and it can result in death. The typical presentations of neonatal onset PA are life-threatening metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia. Here, we described a case of neonatal onset PA with mild clinical presentations. She was born to a healthy mother without complications. No significant illness was observed until nine days after birth. She started exhibiting poor oral feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and hypotonia at ten days old. Her laboratory results showed mild hyperammonemia and acidosis. The initial diagnosis was neonatal sepsis and she was treated with antibiotics. However, her clinical symptoms didn't improve. So we considered a metabolic disease. She was given nothing by mouth and intravenous hydration and nutrition support was performed. Propionylglycine and 3-hydroxypropionic acid were showed high concentrations in urine by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). C3 level of acylcarnitine analysis elevated 10.4 uM/L (range, 0.200-5.00) in plasma. We took gene analysis for PA to be based on the symptoms and laboratory results. We detected PCCB gene mutation and diagnosed PA. She survived without severe neurologic defects and complications and was hospitalized only three times with upper respiratory tract infections for 7 years. We report a case of a ten days old neonate with PA presenting without severe metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia who was effectively treated with early aggressive care and conventional methods.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.492-501
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of self-reported cigarette smoking status and investigate factors associated with the accuracy self-reported and measured urinary cotinine in Korean adults. Methods: We used data from the $1^{st}$ Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2009-2011) among adults aged ${\geq}19$ years (N=6,246). The survey examined self-reported smoking status, and urinary cotinine was regarded as the biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Urinary cotinine was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 20.0, which uses the sample weight and calculates variance estimates to adjust for the unequal probability of selection into the survey. Results: We calculated a cut-off point (53.3 ug/L) by using a ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. The smoking prevalence was 24.6% based on self-reported data and 28.2% based on urinary cotinine concentrations. When we assessed the agreement between self-reported and urinary cotinine, we found an average agreement of 97.7% among self-reported smokers and 94.5% among self-reported non-smokers. Among self-reported smokers, factors affected the discrepancy were age, household economic status and average number of cigarettes smoked per day. On the other hand, gender, former smoking experience, and exposure to SHS (second hand smoke) were associated with discrepancies among self-reported non-smokers. Conclusion: These results suggest that self-reported data on smoking status provide a valid estimate of actual smoking status. In future research, we will conduct a continuous monitoring study for reliability verification of the data to reduce potential interpretation errors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.509-512
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate neuroprotective effect of sacral neuromodulation in rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model in the histological and functional aspects. Methods : Twenty-one female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups : the normal control group (CTL, n=7), the SCI with sham stimulation group (SCI, n=7), and the SCI with electrical stimulation (SCI+ES, n=7). Spinal cord was injured by dropping an impactor from 25 mm height. Sacral nerve electrical stimulation was performed by the following protocol : pulse duration, 0.1 ms; frequency, 20 Hz; stimulation time, 30 minutes; and stimulation duration, 4 weeks. Both locomotor function and histological examination were evaluated as scheduled. Results : The number of anterior horn cell was $12.3{\pm}5.7$ cells/high power field (HPF) in the CTL group, $7.8{\pm}4.9$ cells/HPF in the SCI group, and $6.9{\pm}5.5$ cells/HPF in the SCI+ES group, respectively. Both the SCI and the SCI+ES groups showed severe loss of anterior horn cells and myelin fibers compared with the CTL group. Cavitation and demyelinization of the nerve fibers has no significant difference between the SCI group and the SCI+ES group. Cavitation of dorsal column was more evident in only two rats of SCI group than the SCI+ES group. The locomotor function of all rats improved over time but there was no significant difference at any point in time between the SCI and the SCI+ES group. Conclusion : In a rat thoracic spinal cord contusion model, we observed that sacral neuromodulation did not prevent SCI-induced myelin loss and apoptosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.2.1-2.9
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of autogenous tooth bone as a graft material for regeneration of bone in vertical bony defects of the minipigs. Material and Methods: Six minipigs were used in this study. Four molars were extracted in the right mandibular dentition and sent to the Korea Tooth Bank for fabrication of autogenous tooth bone. Ten days later, each extraction site was implanted with MS Implant Narrow Ridge $3.0{\times}10mm$ fixture (Osstem, Seoul, Korea) after standardized 2mm-sized artificial vertical bony defect formation. Pineappleshaped Root-On type autogenous tooth bones were applied to the vertical defects around the neck area of the posterior three fixtures and the fore-most one was not applied with autogenous bone as a control group. Each minipig was sacrificed at 4, 8, 12 weeks after fixture installation and examined radiologically and histologically. Histological evaluation was done under light microscope with Villanueva osteochrome bone staining with semi-quantitative histomorphometric study. Percentage of new bone over total area (NBF) and bone to implant contact (BIC) ratio were evaluated using digital software for area calculation. Result: NBF were $48.15{\pm}18.02%$, $45.50{\pm}28.37%$, and $77.13{\pm}15.30%$ in 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively for experimental groups. The control group showed $37.00{\pm}11.53%$, $32.25{\pm}26.99%$, and $1.33{\pm}2.31%$ in 4,8,12 weeks, respectively. BIC ratio were $53.08{\pm}19.82%$, $45.00{\pm}28.37%$, and $75.13{\pm}16.55%$ in 4,8,12 weeks, respectively. Those for the control groups were $38.33{\pm}6.43%$, $33.50{\pm}29.51%$, and $1.33{\pm}2.31%$ in 4, 8, 12 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Autogenous tooth bone showed higher score than control group in NBF and BIC in all the data encompassing 4,8,12 weeks specimens, but statistically significant only 12 weeks data in both NBF and BIC.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.6B
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• pp.474-482
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• 2012

Mobile Gateway(MG) is a wireless LAN device to provide internet services to a passenger on vehicles like a bus. For using internet services, MG connects the Road Side Unit AP(RSU AP) based on WLAN .To provide a stable communication service on the moving vehicle, handoff changing MG's RSU must be handled fast and stably. However, it has a physical limits to remove a disconnection time of handoff process by reason of its technological features. In this paper, we suggest a MIMG(Multi-Interface Mobile Gateway) executing seamless handoff by using multiple wireless LAN interfaces for connecting RSU. In the detailed way to do stable handoff, we suggest the "Link Sharing Technique" to disconnection time of packet transmission for RSU to MIMG and the "Path Sharing Technique" to remove disconnection time of packet transmission for MIMG to RSU. we implemented the MIMG which performs the suggested handoff technique. We confirmed the superiority of our system by remove of the disconnection time(0 ms), and improved over 50 % of the communication bandwidth.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2001

The effect of the fermented food wastes (FFW) on growth performance and feeding efficiency war investigated in growing-finishing pigs. Four treatments with different mixing rates [0% FFW (100% commercial diet: control) ; 25% FFW ; 50% FFW ; and 100% FFW] were tried. Twenty heads of cross-bred barrows ($Duroc\;{\times}\;Landrace$, average live weight : 28.5 kg) were divided into 4 treatments with 5 replicates. During entire feeding trial (10 to 27 week), average daily gain increased by 29.4% and 13.9% in 25% FFW and 50% FFW, but decreased by 38.2% in 100% FFW compared to control. Daily feed intake was the highest in 25% FFW and it greatly decreased in 50% and 100% FFW feeding. The amount of feeds required for weight gain was similar with control in 25% FFW or significantly decreased in 50% FFW, while greatly increased in 100% FFW feeding. Cost of feeds per kg weight gain was decreased by 28.6%, 49.4% and 32.6% in 25%, 50% and 100% FFW, respectively. The results showed that replacement up to 50% with fermented food wastes was advantageous with respect to feed efficiency and feed cost, but 100% FFW feeding was disadvantageous because of a very low feed efficiency.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

Humans develop and maintain relationship through communication. Communication is largely divided into verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication involves the use of a language or characters, while non-verbal communication utilizes body language. We use gestures with language together in conversations of everyday life. Gestures belong to non-verbal communication, and can be offered using a variety of shapes and movements to deliver an opinion. For this reason, gestures are spotlighted as a means of implementing an NUI/NUX in the fields of HCI and HRI. In this paper, using Kinect and the geometric features of the hand, we propose a method for recognizing the number of fingers and detecting the hand area. A Kinect depth image can be used to detect the hand region, with the finger number identified by comparing the distance of outline and the central point of a hand. Average recognition rate for recognizing the number of fingers is 98.5%, from the proposed method, The proposed method would help enhancing the functionality of the human computer interaction by increasing the expression range of gestures.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1039-1044
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• 2003

We investigated the changes in saponins during the cultivation of soybean sprout. Crude saponin content was 4.15mg/g in germinated soybean and reached its peark (5.33mg/g) in soybean sprout cultivated for six days. Saponin content in the cotyledon, stem, and root of the soybean sprout cultivated for six days were 4.17, 7.46, and 7.45mg/g, respectively. Soyasaponins extracted from the soybean sprout were analyzed with LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry, in which a reverse phase $C_18$ column was used for separation of saponins. In the soybeen sprout, group B saponin, I, II, III, IV, and V increased 7, 2, 1.4, 8.7, and 3.3 fold, respectively, compared to those in the soybean seed. Group B saponin I, II, III, IV, and V in the stem of the soybean sprout were 10.53, 1.45, 10.49, 5.72 and 8.14 fold the level of those in the cotyldon, respectively. In the root, the contents of group B saponin I, III, IV, and V were 5.54, 2.77, 4.86 and 9.73 fold, respectively, higher than those in cotyledon, but the content of group B saponin 2 was 2.96 fold less than that in cotyledon. These results indicate that the biosyntheses of group B saponins are differentially regulated in growing soybean sprout.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of posture changes(Anteroposterior projection, Posteroanterior projection) in the plain abdominal examination on breast dose and to examine its clinical usefulness. This study was used a human body phantom and a glass dosimeter. Glass dosimeters were directly inserted from the center and outside of medial and lateral. In this study, the deep dose was measured in the right breast and the surface dose in the left breast. During the abdominal examination, the central X-ray incident point was perpendicularly incident to the image receptor 5 cm above the iliac crest. The exposure parameters were 82 kVp, 320 mA, 50 ms, x-ray field size 14×17 inch The distance between the center X-ray and the detector was fixed at 110 cm, and only the top two AEC chambers were used. As a result of this study, the medial and lateral side doses of the right breast were 535.73±30.68 μGy and 414.46±33.52 μGy for erect AP, and 145.80±18.52 μGy and 148.76±12.92 μGy in erect PA. The superficial breast dose was 754.00±68.36 μGy on the medial side and 674.06±45.58 μGy on the lateral side in the erect AP, 70.66±7.98 μGy on the medial side, and 86.46±15.35 μGy on the lateral side in the erect PA. There was a statistically significant difference in the difference between the mean values of the medial and lateral side doses in the deep and superficial areas of the breast according to the postural change (p <0.01). As a result of this study, If the abdominal radiography was examined in the PA position, the dose reduction effect was 72.78% on the medial side, 64.10% on the lateral side of the deep breast, 90.62% on the medial side, and 87.17% on the lateral side of the superficial breast compared to the AP position.