Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2014.40.6.492

Validity Assessment of Self-reported Smoking Status: Results from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2009-2011  

Choi, Wookhee (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Park, Kyung Hwa (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Hyun Jeong (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Ryu, Jungmin (Saemangeum Regional Environmental Office)
Yu, Seung Do (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Choi, Kyunghee (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Suejin (National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Environmental Health Sciences / v.40, no.6, 2014 , pp. 492-501 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of self-reported cigarette smoking status and investigate factors associated with the accuracy self-reported and measured urinary cotinine in Korean adults. Methods: We used data from the $1^{st}$ Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2009-2011) among adults aged ${\geq}19$ years (N=6,246). The survey examined self-reported smoking status, and urinary cotinine was regarded as the biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Urinary cotinine was analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 20.0, which uses the sample weight and calculates variance estimates to adjust for the unequal probability of selection into the survey. Results: We calculated a cut-off point (53.3 ug/L) by using a ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve. The smoking prevalence was 24.6% based on self-reported data and 28.2% based on urinary cotinine concentrations. When we assessed the agreement between self-reported and urinary cotinine, we found an average agreement of 97.7% among self-reported smokers and 94.5% among self-reported non-smokers. Among self-reported smokers, factors affected the discrepancy were age, household economic status and average number of cigarettes smoked per day. On the other hand, gender, former smoking experience, and exposure to SHS (second hand smoke) were associated with discrepancies among self-reported non-smokers. Conclusion: These results suggest that self-reported data on smoking status provide a valid estimate of actual smoking status. In future research, we will conduct a continuous monitoring study for reliability verification of the data to reduce potential interpretation errors.
Keywords
Adult; Cotinine; KoNEHS; Smoking; Urine;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Ministry of Health and Welfare. Prevalence of adult cigarette smoking. Available: http://www.nosmokeguide.or.kr/mbs/nosmokeguide/subview.jsp?id=nosmokeguide_010101000000 [accessed 10 November 2014]
2 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reliability and validity of the Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey questionnaire. Osong: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Press; 2009.
3 National Cancer Center. Press release: Increased incidence of non-smoking female lung cancer Available: http://ncc.re.kr/pr/notice_view.jsp?hPageNumber=2&hSelSearch=all&selSearch=all&txtKeyword=¤t_page=2&nws_id=1988 [accessed 12 November 2014]
4 Connor Gorber SL, Schofield-Hurwitz S, Hardt J, Levasseur G, Tremblay M. The accuracy of selfreported smoking: a systematic review of the relationship between self-reported and cotinine-assessed smoking status. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009; 11(1): 12-24.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 National Institute of Environmental Research. Press release: Most people, exposure to various chemicals widely. Available: http://www.nier.go.kr/NIER/EgovMovePage.do?linkPage=/kor/nf/nier-nf-03 [accessed 12 October 2014]
6 Environmental Information Library. Integrated analysis of survey data for the 1st he Korean National Environmental Health Survey and national statistics calculation methods. Available: http://library.nier.go.kr/search/DetailView.ax?sid=1&cid=5557320 [accessed 20 October 2014]
7 Park CH, Yu SD. Status and Perspects of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS). J Environ Health Sci. 2014; 40(1): 1-9.   DOI
8 Caraballo RS1, Giovino GA, Pechacek TF, Mowery PD. Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Epidemiol. 2001; 153(8): 807-14.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Wong SL1, Shields M, Leatherdale S, Malaison E, Hammond D. Assessment of validity of self-reported smoking status. Health Rep. 2012; 23(1): 47-53.
10 Stragierowicz J, Miko ajewska K, Zawadzka-Stolarz M, Pola?ska K, Ligocka D. Estimation of cutoff values of cotinine in urine and saliva for pregnant women in Poland. Biomed Res Int. 2013; 2013: 386784.
11 Statistics Korea. Standard Classification of Occupations (KSCO). Available: http://kssc.kostat.go.kr/ksscNew_web/index.jspKorean [accessed 15 September 2014]
12 Yu SD, Park KH, Kim HJ, Lee YM. Mannual for Laboratory Procedures on The First Stage Korean National Environmental Health Survey (Organic compounds). 2012. p.18-29.
13 SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification. Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002; 4(2): 149-159.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Agaku IT, King BA. Validation of self-reported smokeless tobacco use by measurement of serum cotinine concentration among US adults. Am J Epidemiol. 2014; 180(7): 749-54.   DOI
15 Heinrich-ramm R, Jakubowski M, Heinzow B, Molin Christensen J, Olsen E, Hertel O. Biological monitoring for exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (IUPAC Recommendations 2000). Pure Appl. Chem. 2000; 72(3): 385-436.
16 St.Helen G, Goniewicz ML, Dempsey D, Wilson M, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Exposure and Kinetics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Cigarette Smokers. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2012; 25(4): 952-964.   DOI
17 Kang YH, Lee YJ, Kim HK, Yun YH, Jeong SY, Lee JS, et al. Usefulness of urinary cotinine test to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers. Kor J Lab Med. 2003; 23: 92-97.   과학기술학회마을
18 Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 1994; 84(7): 1086-1093.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Lee SR, Lee CK, Im H, Yang W, Urm SH, Yu SD, et al. Secondhand smoke exposure and urine cotinine concentrations by occupation among Korean workers: results from the 2008 Korea National Survey for Environmental Pollutants in the Human Body. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2014; 11(5): 314-325.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Vartiainen E1, Seppala T, Lillsunde P, Puska P. Validation of self reported smoking by serum cotinine measurement in a community-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002; 56(3): 167-170.   DOI