• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2007

Fingerprints have been widely used in the biometric authentication because of its performance, uniqueness and universality. Lately, the speed of identification has become a very important aspect in the fingerprint-based security applications. Also, the reliability still remains the main issue in the fingerprint identification. A fast and reliable fingerprint matching algorithm based on the process of the 'self-nonself' discrimination in the biological immune system was proposed. The proposed algorithm is organized by two-matching stages. The 1st matching stage utilized the self-space and MHC detector string set that are generated from the information of the minutiae and the values of the directional field. The 2nd matching stage was made based on the local-structure of the minutiae. The proposed matching algorithm reduces matching time while maintaining the reliability of the matching algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2004

Fingerprints have been widely used in the biometric authentication because of its performance, uniqueness and universality. Recently, the speed of identification becomes a very important point in the fingerprint-based security applications. Also, the reliability still remains the main issue in the fingerprint identification. In this paper, we propose the fast and reliable fingerprint matching algorithm based on the process of the 'self-nonself' discrimination in the biological immune system. The proposed algorithm is organized by two-matching stage. The 1st matching stage does the matching process by the use of the 'self-space' and MHC detector string set that are generated from the minutiae and the values of the directional field. Then the 2nd matching stage is made based on the local-structure of the minutiae. The proposed two matching stage reduces matching time while the reliability of the matching algorithm is maintained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.206-209
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• 2004

사람의 지문은 그 인식성능과 종생불변성 및 만인부동성으로 인하여 신원인증을 위한 생채인식에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 지문인식의 신뢰성에 더하여, 그 인증속도가 지문인식을 각종 보안 어플리케이션에 응용하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 생체면역계에서의 '자기-비자기' 구별과정에 착안한 빠르고 신뢰성 있는 지문인식 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 매칭알고리즘은 지문영상으로부터 추출된 특징점과 방향성분에 기반하여 만들어지는 자기공간(self-space)에 기반하여 이루어지는 1차 매칭과, 특징점의 기하학적 구조에 의하여 구성되는 로컬구조(local structure)에 의하여 구성되는 로컬구조에 의해 수행되는 2차 매칭의 두 단계로 구성되어 인식의 신뢰성을 유지하면서 인증속도를 향상시켰다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2003

The anomaly-detection algorithm based on negative selection of T cells is representative model among self-recognition methods and it has been applied to computer immune systems in recent years. In immune systems, T cells are produced through both positive and negative selection. Positive selection is the process used to determine a MHC receptor that recognizes self-molecules. Negative selection is the process used to determine an antigen receptor that recognizes antigen, or the nonself cell. In this paper, we propose a novel self-recognition algorithm based on the positive selection of T cells. We indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by change-detection simulation of some infected data obtained from cell changes and string changes in the self-file. We also compare the self-recognition algorithm based on positive selection with the anomaly-detection algorithm.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.826-831
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• 2024

Objective: The major histocompatibility complex in chicken demonstrates a great range of variations within varities, breeds, populations and that can eventually influence their immuneresponses. The preset study was conducted to understand the major histocompatibility complex-B (MHC-B) variability in five major populations of Bangladesh native chicken: Aseel, Hilly, Junglefowl, Non-descript Deshi, and Naked Neck. Methods: These five major populations of Bangladesh native chicken were analyzed with a subset of 89 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the high-density MHC-B SNP panel and Kompetitive Allele-Specific polymerase chain reaction genotyping was applied. To explore haplotype diversity within these populations, the results were analyzed both manually and computationally using PHASE 2.1 program. The phylogenetic investigations were also performed using MrBayes program. Results: A total of 136 unique haplotypes were identified within these five Bangladesh chicken populations, and only one was shared (between Hilly and Naked Neck). Phylogenetic analysis showed no distinct haplotype clustering among the five populations, although they were shared in distinct clades; notably, the first clade lacked Naked Neck haplotypes. Conclusion: The present study discovered a set of unique MHC-B haplotypes in Bangladesh chickens that could possibly cause varied immune reponses. However, further investigations are required to evaluate their relationships with global chicken populations.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.942-952
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• 2022

To establish a pre-plating method of chicken satellite cells with high purity, pre-plating was performed under culture conditions of 37℃ and 41℃, and the pre-plating time was set from a total of 3 hours to 6 hours in consideration of the cell attachment time. The purity of the cells was confirmed by staining paired box protein 7 (Pax7) after proliferation, and Pax7 expression was the highest in culture flasks shaken for 2 hours after incubation at 41℃ for 2 hours to prevent the attachment of satellite cells (p<0.05). Also, when pre-plating and proliferation were performed at 37℃ and 41℃, the Pax7 expression rate was higher at 41℃. The differentiation capabilities of the three groups (T3, T6, and T7) with high Pax7 expression were compared and the fusion index (%) and myotube formation area (%) determined by myosin heavy chain (MHC) staining was calculated. The T6 and T7 groups, which were cultured at 41℃, showed significantly higher values than the T3 group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Pax7 and MHC between the T6 and T7 groups (p>0.05). These results suggest that pre-plating at 41℃ for a total of 4 hours was the most efficient in terms of cost and time for purifying chicken satellite cells for cultured meat.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.113-130
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• 2002

In this paper, we developed DNL(Dynamic Network Loading) model based on Moving cell theory to analyze the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow in congested network. In this paper vehicles entered into link at same interval would construct one cell, and the cells moved according to Cell following rule. In the past researches relating to DNL model a continuous single link is separated into two sections such as running section and queuing section to describe physical queue so that various dynamic states generated in real link are only simplified by running and queuing state. However, the approach has some difficulties in simulating various dynamic flow characteristics. To overcome these problems, we present Moving cell theory which is developed by combining Car following theory and Lagrangian method mainly using for the analysis of air pollutants dispersion. In Moving cell theory platoons are represented by cells and each cell is processed by Cell following theory. This type of simulation model is firstly presented by Cremer et al(1999). However they did not develop merging and diverging model because their model was applied to basic freeway section. Moreover they set the number of vehicles which can be included in one cell in one interval so this formulation cant apply to signalized intersection in urban network. To solve these difficulties we develop new approach using Moving cell theory and simulate traffic flow dynamics continuously by movement and state transition of the cells. The developed model are played on simple network including merging and diverging section and it shows improved abilities to describe flow dynamics comparing past DNL models.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.337-348
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• 1996

The proportion of leukocyte subpopulation in the host is of a great importance in understanding their functions and disease progress. Many methods have been developed to seperate leukocytes and to measure their activities. Characterization of immune cell subpopulations in Korean native cattle was performed using a set of monoclonal antibodies specific which are specific to bovine leukocyte differentiation antigen. Peripheral blood leukocytes from fifty Korean native and ten Holstein cattle were collected and analyzed for the investigation of leukocyte subpopulation by using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. The result indicated that Korean native cattle have significantly higher proportion of leukocyte subpopulations expressing MHC class II molecules and BoCD4 than Holstein cattle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.155-166
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• 2002

Since 1990s. there has been an increasing number of traffic accidents at intersection. which requires more urgent measures to insure safety on intersection. This study set out to analyze the road conditions, traffic conditions and traffic operation conditions on signalized intersection. to identify the elements that would impose obstructions in safety, and to develop a traffic accident prediction model to evaluate the safety of an intersection using the cop relation between the elements and an accident. In addition, the focus was made on suggesting appropriate traffic safety policies by dealing with the danger elements in advance and on enhancing the safety on the intersection in developing a traffic accident prediction model fir a signalized intersection. The data for the study was collected at an intersection located in Wonju city from January to December 2001. It consisted of the number of accidents, the road conditions, the traffic conditions, and the traffic operation conditions at the intersection. The collected data was first statistically analyzed and then the results identified the elements that had close correlations with accidents. They included the area pattern, the use of land, the bus stopping activities, the parking and stopping activities on the road, the total volume, the turning volume, the number of lanes, the width of the road, the intersection area, the cycle, the sight distance, and the turning radius. These elements were used in the second correlation analysis. The significant level was 95% or higher in all of them. There were few correlations between independent variables. The variables that affected the accident rate were the number of lanes, the turning radius, the sight distance and the cycle, which were used to develop a traffic accident prediction model formula considering their distribution. The model formula was compared with a general linear regression model in accuracy. In addition, the statistics of domestic accidents were investigated to analyze the distribution of the accidents and to classify intersections according to the risk level. Finally, the results were applied to the Spearman-rank correlation coefficient to see if the model was appropriate. As a result, the coefficient of determination was highly significant with the value of 0.985 and the ranks among the intersections according to the risk level were appropriate too. The actual number of accidents and the predicted ones were compared in terms of the risk level and they were about the same in the risk level for 80% of the intersections.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.11
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• 2023

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is an extremely contagious and high mortality rates in chickens resulting in substantial economic impact on the poultry sector. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of HPAIV for infection control. Objective: Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) can effectively avoid the limitations of subjective screening for differential gene expression. Therefore, we performed GSEA to compare HPAI-infected resistant and susceptible Ri chicken lines. Methods: The Ri chickens Mx(A)/BF2(B21) were chosen as resistant, and the chickens Mx(G)/BF2(B13) were selected as susceptible by genotyping the Mx and BF2 genes. The tracheal tissues of HPAIV H5N1 infected chickens were collected for RNA sequencing followed by GSEA analysis to define gene subsets to elucidate the sequencing results. Results: We identified four differentially expressed pathways, which were immune-related pathways with a total of 78 genes. The expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), chemokines (CCL4 and CCL5), type interferons and their receptors (IFN-β, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, and IFNGR1), Jak-STAT signaling pathway genes (STAT1, STAT2, and JAK1), MHC class I and II and their co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, CD40, DMB2, BLB2, and B2M), and interferon stimulated genes (EIF2AK2 and EIF2AK1) in resistant chickens were higher than those in susceptible chickens. Conclusions: Resistant Ri chickens exhibit a stronger antiviral response to HPAIV H5N1 compared with susceptible chickens. Our findings provide insights into the immune responses of genetically disparate chickens against HPAIV.