• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2008

적하목록취합시스템(MFCS)은 물류산업을 효율적으로 개선시키는데 많은 부문에 기여하고 있다. 물류비용과 신고서 작성시간을 줄이기 위해 화물처리 단계별로 중복되거나 불필요한 전송항목을 줄여 간소화한 시스템을 구축해 시행중이다. 아시아 물류정보 중심지로 성장하기 위해서는 적하목록취합시스템(MFCS)의 기반구축과 효율성을 충분히 활용하여야 할 때이다. 본 연구의 목적은 적하목록취합시스템(MFCS)의 효율적인 운영을 위하여 첫째, 적하목록취합시스템(MFCS)의 화물업무 처리 절차를 고찰하고 둘째, 적하목록취합시스템(MFCS)의 미래 모형을 제시하며, 셋째, 수출입 관련 업무내용 분류 및 전자문서명을 연구하고자 한다. 본 논문은 적하목록취합시스템(MFCS)의 기술적인 방향을 제시하기보다는 실무적 관점에서 해석적 기초를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.474-481
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to the wastewater treatment systems employed in the Living Building Challenge. Methods: I reviewed a range of information on decentralized wastewater treatment technologies such as composting toilets, constructed wetlands, recirculating biofilters, membrane bioreactors, and MFCs. Results: The Living Building Challenge is a set of standards to make buildings more eco-friendly using renewable resources and self-treating water systems. Although there are various decentralized wastewater treatment technologies available, MFCs have been considered an attractive future option for a decentralized system as used in the Living Building Challenge. MFCs can directly convert substrate energy to electricity with high conversion efficiency at ambient and even at low temperatures. MFCs do not require energy input for aeration if using open-air cathodes. Moreover, MFCs have the potential for widespread application in locations lacking water and electrical infrastructure Conclusions: This paper demonstrated the feasibility of MFCs as a novel decentralized wastewater treatment system employed in the Living Building Challenge.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1765-1773
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• 2013

The cathode reaction is one of the most seriously limiting factors in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The critical dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of a platinum-loaded graphite electrode was reported as 2.2 mg/l, about 10-fold higher than an aerobic bacterium. A series of MFCs were run with the cathode compartment inoculated with activated sludge (biotic) or not (abiotic) on platinum-loaded or bare graphite electrodes. At the beginning of the operation, the current values from MFCs with a biocathode and abiotic cathode were $2.3{\pm}0.1$ and $2.6{\pm}0.2mA$, respectively, at the air-saturated water supply in the cathode. The current from MFCs with an abiotic cathode did not change, but that of MFCs with a biotic cathode increased to 3.0 mA after 8 weeks. The coulomb efficiency was 59.6% in the MFCs with a biotic cathode, much higher than the value of 15.6% of the abiotic cathode. When the DO supply was reduced, the current from MFCs with an abiotic cathode decreased more sharply than in those with a biotic cathode. When the respiratory inhibitor azide was added to the catholyte, the current decreased in MFCs with a biotic cathode but did not change in MFCs with an abiotic cathode. The power density was higher in MFCs with a biotic cathode ($430W/m^3$ cathode compartment) than the abiotic cathode MFC ($257W/m^3$ cathode compartment). Electron microscopic observation revealed nanowire structures in biofilms that developed on both the anode and on the biocathode. These results show that an electron-consuming bacterial consortium can be used as a cathode catalyst to improve the cathode reaction.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2012

The research on microbial fuel cells (MFCs) needs various knowledge of different fields such as electrochemistry, microbiology, environmental engineering, and material engineering. Although electrochemically active bacteria are very diverse, the performance of MFCs is affected primarily by the structure of the reactor system. Thus, the development in the system architecture is critical to lower internal resistance and increase power generation for commercialization. This paper summarizes the principles of MFCs and demonstrates the infinite potential of MFCs in various applications including wastewater treatment, biosensors, biohydrogen production, remote power sources, implantable medical devices, etc.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.5728-5735
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• 2015

단일챔버 미생물연료전지에 분리막으로 세라믹막과 나피온막을 적용하여 전기발생특성을 분석함으로써 세라믹막의 적용가능성을 구명하고자 하였다. 또한 환원전극으로서 백금촉매가 도포된 탄소천과 일반 탄소천을 사용하여 백금촉매 효과 및 전기발생특성을 비교하였다. 회분식 실험에서 전기발생특성이 가장 안정적인 것은 acetate를 기질로 사용하였을 때였다. Formate는 전기발생특성이 acetate보다 다소 높았으나 불안정하였고 propionate와 butyrate는 acetate에 비하여 전기발생량이 상대적으로 낮았다. 환원전극으로서 백금촉매가 도포되어 있는 탄소천과 일반 탄소천을 비교한 결과 백금촉매가 도포된 탄소천의 전력발생량이 일반 탄소천에 비하여 1.2배 높게 나타났지만 약 5배 정도 비용 차이가 있음을 고려하면 미생물연료전지의 적용에 있어 효율성과 경제성은 함께 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 분리막으로서 세라믹막과 나피온막을 적용한 미생물 연료전지에서 발생한 평균 전압은 합성폐수를 이용한 실험에서 각각 $523.67mV{\pm}49.41mV$, $424.09mV{\pm}79.95mV$이었다. 미생물연료전지에 분리막으로 세라믹막과 나피온막을 적용하여 전력발생 및 유기물제거효율을 비교한 결과, 세라믹막이 나피온막의 대안이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2008

The increasing demand for energy in the near future has created strong motivation for environmentally clean alternative energy resources. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have opened up new ways of utilizing renewable energy sources. MFCs are devices that convert the chemical energy in the organic compounds to electrical energy through microbial catalysis at the anode under anaerobic conditions, and the reduction of a terminal electron acceptor, most preferentially oxygen, at the cathode. Due to the rapid advances in MFC-based technology over the last decade, the currently achievable MFC power production has increased by several orders of magnitude, and niche applications have been extended into a variety of areas. Newly emerging concepts with alternative materials for electrodes and catalysts as well as innovative designs have made MFCs promising technologies. Aerobic bacteria can also be used as cathode catalysts. This is an encouraging finding because not only biofouling on the cathode is unavoidable in the prolonged-run MFCs but also noble catalysts can be substituted with aerobic bacteria. This article discusses some of the recent advances in MFCs with an emphasis on the performance, materials, microbial community structures and applications beyond electricity generation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2011

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were successfully enriched using sludge contaminated with Cr(VI) and their characteristics were investigated. After enrichment, the charge of the final 10 peaks was 0.51 C ${\pm}$ 1.16%, and the anodic electrode was found to be covered with a biofilm. The enriched MFCs removed 93% of 5 mg/l Cr(VI) and 61% of 25 mg/l Cr(VI). 16S rDNA DGGE profiles from the anodic electrode indicated that ${\beta}$-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acinetobacter sp. dominated. This study is the first to report that electrochemically active and Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria could be enriched in the anode compartment of MFCs using Cr(VI)-containing sludge and demonstrates the Cr(VI) removal capability of such MFCs.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: In recent years, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a promising technology for recovering renewable energy from waste biomass, especially wastewater. In this study, the possibility of bioelectricity generation in two chambered mediator-less microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was successfully demonstrated using fermentable and non-fermentable substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two different electron acceptors have been tested in the cathode chamber for the effects of reducing agent on the power generation in MFCs. The average voltages of $0.26{\pm}0.014$ V and $0.36{\pm}0.02$ V were achieved with acetate using oxygen and potassium ferricyanide as reducing agent, respectively. Similarly, with glucose the average voltages of $0.256{\pm}0.05$ V and $0.340{\pm}0.04$ V were obtained using oxygen and ferricyanide, respectively. Using potassium ferricyanide as the reducing agent, the power output increases by 39 and 43% with acetate and glucose, respectively, as compared to the dissolved oxygen. Slightly higher coulombic efficiency (CE%) was obtained in acetate as compared to MFCs operated with glucose. The maximum power densities of 124 mW/$m^2$ and 204 mW/$m^2$ were obtained using dissolved oxygen and $K_3Fe(CN)_6$, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): This study demonstrates that power generation from the MFCs can be influenced significantly by the different types of catholyte. Relatively higher CE was obtained with $K_3Fe(CN)_6$. Thus, application of $K_3Fe(CN)_6$ as the catholyte can be vital for scaling uppower generation from the MFCs forreal time applications.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.410-420
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• 2012

The heavy reliance on fossil fuels, especially oil and gas has triggered the global energy crisis. Continued use of petroleum fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of their depleting supplies and degradation to the environment. To become less dependent on fossil fuels, current world is shifting paradigm in energy by developing alternative energy sources mainly through the utilization of renewable energy sources. In particular, bioenergy recovery from wastes with the help of microorganism is viewed as one of the promising ways to mitigate the current global warming crisis as well as to supply global energy. It has been proved that microorganism can generate power by converting organic matter into electricity using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFC is a bioelectrochemical device that employs microbes to generate electricity from bio-convertible substrate such as wastewaters including municipal solid waste, industrial, agriculture wastes, and sewage. Sustainability, carbon neutral and generation of renewable energy are some of the major features of MFCs. However, the MFC technology is confronted with a number of issues and challenges such as low power production, high electrode material cost and so on. This paper reviews the recent developments in MFC technology with due consideration of electrode materials used in MFCs. In addition, application of biocathodes in MFCs has been discussed.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.610-620
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• 2017

The Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Controller (FCS-MPC) for quasi Z-Source Inverters (qZSIs) is designed to reduce the number of sensors by proposing a current observer for the inductor current. Unlike the traditional FCS-MPC algorithm, the proposed model removes the inductor current sensor and observes the inductor current value based on the deposited prior optimized state as well as the capacitor voltage during this state. The proposed observer has been validated versus a typical MPC. Then, a comparative study between the proposed Modified Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Controller (MFCS-MPC) and a linear PID controller is provided under the same operating conditions. This study demonstrates that the dynamic response of the control objectives by MFCS-MPC is faster than that of the PID. On the other hand, the PID controller has a lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) when compared to the MFCS-MPC at the same average switching. Experimental results validate both methods using a DSP F28335.