• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.586-593
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• 2004

아가리쿠스버섯에 함유된 생리활성 물질인 조단백다당류의 효율적인 추출공정을 확립하기 위하여 다양한 추출조건에서의 화학적 특성을 조사하였으며, 추출 분리된 조단백다당류의 열분해 특성 및 SRB assay에 의한 인체 암세포 증식억제 효과를 조사하였다. 조단백다당류의 추출수율은 초음파추출이 13.0%로 가장 높았으며, 열수추출이 7.8%로 가장 낮았다. 추출된 조단백다당류의 당 조성은 약 80%의 glucose와 fucose, galactose 및 mannose로 구성되어 있었으며 가압조건에서 2시간과 3시간의 추출은 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량이 각각 32.28%와 32.34%로 뚜렷한 차이가 발견되지 않아 가압추출 2시간이 생리활성물질의 추출조건으로 효과적이었다. 또한 침전조건에 따른 조단백다당류의 침전수율 및 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량은 4배 첨가 시 각각 10.89%와 35.97%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. 열분해 특성은 네 단계로 이루어져 있었으며, $240-365^{\circ}C$에서 67.8%의 무게 감소를 보여주어 높은 온도에서도 열적 안정성이 있었다. SRB assay에 의한 인체 암세포 증식억제 효과를 검토한 결과, A549의 경우 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 72시간 처리 시에는 43.9%의 암세포 손상을 보여주어 MCF-7과 AGS에 비해 암세포 증식억제 효과가 높음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2016

본 연구는 산딸기 열매의 지역별(장성, 화성, 울산, 순창, 포항) 영양성분, 항산화 활성 및 암세포 성장억제 효능 분석을 통하여 기능성을 갖는 산딸기 품종을 육성하고자 수행하였다. 모든 지역의 산딸기 열매에서 일반성분은 탄수화물 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 무기성분은 칼슘($996.6{\mu}g/g{\pm}0.8%$)이 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 나트륨($6.2{\mu}g/g{\pm}1.0%$)은 가장 낮았다. 유리아미노산은 총 26종, 구성아미노산은 총 18종을 분석하였다. 전자공여능 실험 결과 울산 산딸기가 $500{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 열수추출물은 80%, 에탄올추출물은 82.6%의 높은 소거능을 보였다. 또한 암세포 성장억제 효과를 확인하기 위한 세포독성 실험 결과, B16F10 cell은 울산 산딸기 열수추출물과 포항 산딸기 에탄올추출물, H1299 cell은 순창 산딸기 열수추출물과 포항 산딸기 에탄올추출물 그리고 MCF-7 cell은 장성 산딸기 열수추출물과 순창 산딸기 에탄올추출물에서 각각 세포독성이 나타났다. 따라서 이와 같은 기초자료를 바탕으로 기능성 특성을 지닌 산딸기를 선발하여 기능성 품종으로의 개발 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2007

B cell과 T cell을 이용한 면역세포의 생육 촉진 실험에서, B${\cdot}$T cell은 배양 6일째 수피 추출물이 각각 $4.2{\times}10^4$cells/ml, $5.0{\times}10^4$cells/ml로 가장 높은 세포농도를 나타냈다. 면역세포를 이용한 cytokine의 분비량 측정실험에서는 수피추출물이 배양 시간에 따른 cytokine의 분비가 가장 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 각 세포의 TNF-${\alpha}$의 분비량은 6일째 최고의 분비량을 나타내었고, 수피 추출물의 경우 대조군에 비해 7-8배 가량 더 높은 분비량을 나타낸 것을 확인하였다. IL-6의 경우 6일째 최고의 분비량을 나타내었고, 수피 추출물에서 가장 높은 분비량을 나타내었다. 또한 때죽나무 추출물을 첨가한 배지에 의한 NK cell의 면역활성을 측정하였으며, 모든 추출물에서 배양시간에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 그 중 때죽나무 수피 추출물에서 B cell의 경우 $14.1{\times}10^4$cells/ml, T cell의 경우 $15.3{\times}10^4$cells/ml 으로 가장 높은 생육 활성을 나타내었다. 인간 정상 신장세포인 HEK293을 이용한 세포 독성을 살펴본 결과, 각 추출물은 1.0mg/ml의 농도에서 최고 27.4%의 세포독성을 나타내었다. 또한 항암활성 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 2가지의 암세포를 이용하였는데, AGS와 MCF-7에서 뿌리추출물의 경우 1.0mg/ml의 농도에서 65정도의 높은 억제활성을 나타내었고, 또한 암세포의 생육활성에 대한 정상 세포의 세포독성의 비로 나타낸 선택적 사멸도는 고농도에서는 모두 1.5이상으로 나타나 모두 암세포에 대한 선택성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. Bcl-2 단백질 정량을 통한 항암활성 실험에서는, IOD 값이 수피, 목부, 잎 순으로 각각 72, 186, 200의 결과를 나타내었다. 본 실험 결과를 통하여 때죽나무의 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 엿볼 수 있었고, 유용성분 분리와 생리활성에 대한 연구가 보다 다각적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.802-807
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• 2011

Cationic liposomes have been actively used as gene delivery vehicle because of their minimal toxicity, but their relatively low efficiency of gene delivery is the major disadvantage of these vectors. Recently, cysteine residue incorporation to HIV-1 Tat peptide increased liposomemediated transfection compared with unmodified Tat peptide. Therefore, we designed a novel modified Tat peptide having a homodimeric (Tat-CTHD, Tat-NTHD) and closed structure (cyclic Tat) simply by using the disulfide bond between cysteines to develop a more efficient and safe nonviral gene delivery system. The mixing of Tat-CTHD and Tat-NTHD with DNA before mixing with lipofectamine increased the transfection efficiency compared with unmodified Tat peptide and lipofectamine only in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and rat vascular smooth muscle cells. However, cyclic Tat did not show any improvement in the transfection efficiency. In the gel retardation assay, Tat-CTHD and Tat-NTHD showed more strong binding with DNA than unmodified Tat and cyclic Tat peptide. This enhancement was only shown when Tat-CTHD and Tat-NTHD were mixed with DNA before mixing with lipofectamine. The effects of Tat- CTHD and Tat-NTHD were also valid in the experiment using DOTAP and DMRIE instead of lipofectamine. We could not find any significant cytotoxicity in the working concentration and more usage of these peptides. In conclusion, we have designed a novel transfection-enhancing peptide by easy homodimerization of Tat peptide, and the simple mix of these novel peptides with DNA increased the gene transfer of cationic lipids more efficiently with no additional cytotoxicity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effect of extract from Monascus pillosus, on the human wild-type p53 and p21 expressing A549 lung epithelial cell line and MCF-7 mammary adenocarcinoma cell line stimulated by NO. $P21^{waf/cip1}$ was identified as a gene induced in senescent cells. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. While p53-regulated stimulation of p21 appears to be central for the permanent growth-arrest, the role of p21 in p53-triggered cell death is unclear. Low dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the development of senescence associated with increased expression of p53 and p21 in A549 cells. Inhibition of p21 transactivating activity requires high level correlates with the amount of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Association of p21 and p53 results in inhibition of p21-stimulated transcription. This requires a higher p53 level than is necessary for transcriptional activation of endogenous p53-responsive gene but correlates well with the level of p53 necessary to cause cell death. Exposure to W-1 inhibited oxidative stresses-induced senescence-like arrest, resulting in a significant reduction in p53 and p21 steady state levels. These results suggest that p53 and p21 play a central role in the onset of senescence. Thus, it is important to emphasize control of oxidative balance in tumor prevention and aging.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2012

Ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of many diseases and for general health maintenance in people of all ages. Ginseng is also used to ameliorate menopausal systems. We investigated the estrogenic activity of Korean red ginseng (KRG) in a transient transfection system, using estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen-responsive luciferase plasmids in MCF-7 cells. The extract activated both ER${\alpha}$ and ER${\beta}$. KRG modulated the mRNA levels of estrogen-responsive genes such as pS2 and ESR1 and decreased the protein level of ER${\alpha}$. In order to examine in vivo estrogenic activity of KRG, sixteen female Sprague-Dawley rats separated into four groups were studied for nine weeks: non-ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with olive oil, OVX rats treated with olive oil, OVX rats treated with 17-${\beta}$-estradiol (E2) in olive oil, and OVX rats treated with KRG extract in olive oil. The experiments were repeated for three times and the data of twelve rats were combined. Body weight of OVX rats was greater than that of sham-operated control rats and was decreased by E2 treatment. Uterine weight increased after E2 treatment compared to OVX rats. However, no difference in body or uterine weight was observed with KRG intake. KRG induced reductions in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not to the same degree as did E2 intake. These results show that KRG does contain estrogenic activity as manifested by in vitro study but the activity is not strong enough to elicit physiological responses.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Objectives : The Glycyrrhiza new varieties, WONGAM and SINWONGAM, were developed through interspecific cross between Glycyrrhiza glabra and Glycyrrhiza uralensis by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in Korea. This in vitro study was undertaken to compare the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects between Glycyrrhiza new varieties (WONGAM and SINWONGAM) and official compendia (Glycyrrhiza glabra and Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Methods : Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhy drazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-rthylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) diammonium salt, Nitrite radical scavenging assay, and Reducing Power assay. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay and cell morphology was observed by an inverted microscope. Results : The DPPH, ABTS, Nitrite radical scavenging activities and reducing power of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, WONGAM, and SINWONGAM were evaluated at different concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 ㎍/㎖). Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, WONGAM, and SINWONGAM showed similar dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activities. The cytotoxic effects with increasing doses of Glycyrrhiza new varieties and official compendia did not differ in HCT116, HT29, A549, MDA-MB231, PC3, ACHN, and HeLa cells. However, significant difference in cytotoxicity were observed in AGS, MCF7 and Hep3B cells by Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, WONGAM, and SINWONGAM. Conclusions : These results showed that Glycyrrhiza new varieties and official compendia acts as a potent antioxidant. Also, the finding that equivalent cytotoxic potency was observed in a cell dependent manner. Our study suggests that Glycyrrhiza new varieties may offer a wide-variety of health benefits.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.964-969
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• 2000

랩 등 PVC 제품의 가소제인 DEHA의 에스트로겐 활성을 검색하기 위하여 내분비계 장애작용 중 에스트로겐성 작용을 검색하는 대표적인 방법인 in vitro E-screen assay와 OECD 및 미국 EPA EDSTAC에서 권고하고 있는 in vivo 난소절제 랫드를 이용한 자궁 비대반응시험(uterotrophic assay)을 실시하였다. 시험결과 $DEHA(5{\times}10^{-9}{\sim}5{\times}10^{-4}\;M)$는 MCF-7세포의 증식을 유발하지 않았고 난소절제 랫드에 200 mg/kg/day 용량까지 투여하여도 자궁 및 질 무게에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험결과 DEHA는 E-screen assay 및 자궁비대반응시험에서 에스트로겐성 작용이 없는 것으로 확인되었으나, 이들 물질의 에스트로겐성에 대한 결론을 내리기 위해서는 여러 종류의 in vitro 시험 data 및 in vivo 시험 data가 더 보충되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2012

와송의 생리활성을 증대시킬 수 있는 복합물을 제조하기 위하여 와송 추출물, 한약재(백복령, 창출 및 사인)의 혼합물 및 한약재와 와송의 복합물(1:1, PMO-1; 1:3, PMO-3)의 항산화 및 암세포 생육 저해능을 비교하였다. 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 한약재 혼합물이 와송 추출물보다 많았으며, 와송 복합물에서는 PMO-1이 PMO-3보다 더 높았다. 라디칼 소거능, 환원력 및 아질산염 소거능은 PMO-1이 PMO-3보다 활성이 높았으며, tyrosinase 활성 저해능 및 MCF-7 및 HT-29 세포의 생육 저해능은 와송의 함유량이 많은 PMO-3의 활성이 더 높았다. 따라서 모든 생리활성시험에서 와송 복합물이 와송 추출물이나 한약재 혼합물에 비해 유의적으로 활성이 높았으며, 와송 복합물은 와송 추출물의 생리활성의 상승에 효과적일 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 춘계총회 및 제22차 학술발표회
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• pp.22-39
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• 2003

Biological activity of phenolic compounds in seeds and leaves of safflower (Carthamu tinctorius L.) were evaluated using several in vitro and in vivo assays. Six phenolic constituents were isolated from the seeds and identified as N-feruloylserotonia, N- (p-coumaroyl)serotonin, matairesinol, 8′-hydroxyarctigenin, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside (tilianine) and acacetin. Six phenolic compounds exhibited considerable antioxidative activity, and especially two serotonins showed potent DPPH radical scavenging activity and antiperoxidative activity against rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by the hydroxyl radical generated via a Fenton-type reaction. Additionally, six phenolic compounds possessed comparable cytotoxicity against three cancer cells, Hela cell, MCF-7 and HepG2 cell, and particularly acacetin and its glycosides had the most potent cytotoxicity. Moreover, we found that feeding safflower seeds attenuated bone loss, and lowered levels of plasma and liver lipids in ovariectomized rats. Serotonins, lignans and flavones stimulated proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells in a dose-dependent manner (10$^{-15}$ ~10$^{-6}$ M), as potently as E$_2$ (17$\beta$-estradiol). Particularly, serotonins were mainly responsible for bone-protecting and lipid lowering effects in ovariectomized rats. Meanwhile, eight flavonoids, including a novel quercetin-7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside and seven kown flavonoids, luteolin quercetin, luteolin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-(6"-O-acetyl)-$\beta$-D-gluco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O- -glucopyranoside, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide and apigenin-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside were first isolated and identified from safflower leaf. Among these flavonoids, luteolin-acetyl-glucoside and $\beta$quercetin- acetyl-glucoside showed potent antioxidative activities against 2-deoxyribose degradation and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Luteolin, quercetin and their corresponding glycosides also exhibited strong antioxidative activity, while acacetin glucuronide and apigenin-6, 8-di-C-glucoside were relatively less active. Finally, changes in phenolic compositions were also determined by HPLC in the safflower seed and leaf during growth stages and roasting process to produce standardized supplement powerds. These results suggest that phenolic compounds in the roasted safflower seed and leaf may be useful as potential sources of therapeutic agents against several pathological disorders such as carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.