• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.153-162
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• 2011

The minimum cut problem is to minimize c(S,T), that is, to determine source S and sink T such that the capacity of the S-T cut is minimal. The flow-based algorithm is mostly used to find the bottleneck arcs by calculating flow network, and does not presents the minimum cut. This paper suggests an algorithm that simply includes the maximum capacity vertex to adjacent set S or T and finds the minimum cut without obtaining flow network in advance. On applying the suggested algorithm to 13 limited graphs, it can be finds the minimum cut value $_{\min}c$(S, T) with simply and correctly.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.87-95
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• 2008

In this paper, we developed a selectable observation Point test architecture and test procedure for clocked 4-bit synchronous counter circuit based on boundary scan architecture. To develope, we analyze the operation of Sample/Preload instruction on boundary scan architecture. The Sample/Preload instruction make Possible to snapshot of outputs of CUT(circuit under test) at the specific time. But the changes of output of CUT during normal operation are not possible to observe using Sample/Preload in typical scan architecture. We suggested a selectable observation point test architecture that allows to select output of CUT and to observe of the changes of selected output of CUT during normal operation. The suggested a selectable observation point test architecture and test procedure is simulated by Altera Max 10.0. The simulation results of 4-bit counter shows the accurate operation and effectiveness of the proposed test architecture and procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

Generally, real system that is the object of decision-making is very variable and sometimes it lies situations with uncertainty. To solve these problem, it has used statistical methods as significance level, certainty factor, sensitivity analysis and so on. In this paper, we propose a method for fuzzy decision-making based on MFAC(Multiple Fuzzy Alpha Cut) to improve the definiteness of classification results with similarity evaluation. In the proposed method, MFAC is used for extracting multiple a ${\alpha}$-level with proximity degree at proximity relation between relative Hamming distance and max-min method and for minimizing the number of data which are associated with the partition intervals extracted by MFAC. To determine final alternative of decision-making, we compute the weighted value between extracted data by MFAC From the experimental results, we can see the fact that the proposed method is simpler and more definite than classification performance of the conventional methods and determines an alternative efficiently for decision-maker by testing significance of sample data through statistical method.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2013

We examined the scaling effects of a number of gate_fingers (N) and gate_widths (w) on the high-frequency characteristics of $0.1-{\mu}m$ metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistors. Functional relationships of the extracted small-signal parameters with total gate widths ($w_t$) of different N were proposed. The cut-off frequency ($f_T$) showed an almost independent relationship with $w_t$; however, the maximum frequency of oscillation ($f_{max}$) exhibited a strong functional relationship of gate-resistance ($R_g$) influenced by both N and $w_t$. A greater $w_t$ produced a higher $f_{max}$; but, to maximize $f_{max}$ at a given $w_t$, to increase N was more efficient than to increase the single gate_width.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed at assessing the value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ($^{18}F$-FDG PET) for predicting the response of locally advanced rectal cancer to neoadjuvant CRT. Materials and Methods: Between August 2006 and January 2008, we prospectively enrolled 20 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and who were treated with neoadjuvant CRT at the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. The treatment consisted of radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and this was followed by curative resection 6 weeks later. All the patients underwent $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT both before CRT and 6 weeks after completing CRT. The measurements of the FDG uptake ($SUV_{max}$), the absolute difference (${\Delta}SUV_{max}$) and the percent $SUV_{max}$ difference (response index, $RI_{SUV}$) between the pre- and post-CRT $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans were assessed. The measurements of the metabolic volume, the absolute difference (${\Delta}$metabolic volume) and the percent metabolic volume difference (response index, $RI_{metabolic\;volume}$) were also assessed. Results: Of the 20 patients who underwent surgery, 11 patients (55%) were classified as responders according to Dworak's classification. The post-CRT $SUV_{max}$ was significantly lower than the pre-CRT $SUV_{max}$. However, there were no significant differences in the $SUV_{max}$ and the metabolic volume reduction between the responders and non-responders. We used a minimum $SUV_{max}$ reduction of 67% as the cut-off value for defining a response, with a sensitivity of 45.5%, a specificity of 88.9%, a positive predictive value of 77% and a negative predictive value of 53.8%. Conclusion: Although there were no statistically significant results in this study, other studies have revealed that $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT has the potential to assess the tumor response to neoadjuvant CRT in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.61-70
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• 2023

Image segmentation is a very crucial step in effective digital image processing. In the past decade, several research contributions were given related to this field. However, a general segmentation algorithm suitable for various applications is still challenging. Among several image segmentation approaches, graph-based approach has gained popularity due to its basic ability which reflects global image properties. This paper proposes a methodology to partition the image with its pixel, region and texture along with its intensity. To make segmentation faster in large images, it is processed in parallel among several CPUs. A way to achieve this is to split images into tiles that are independently processed. However, regions overlapping the tile border are split or lost when the minimum size requirements of the segmentation algorithm are not met. Here the contributions are made to segment the image on the basis of its pixel using min-cut/max-flow algorithm along with edge-based segmentation of the image. To segment on the basis of the region using a homogenous optimum cut algorithm with boundary segmentation. On the basis of texture, the object type using spectral partitioning technique is identified which also minimizes the graph cut value.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.32
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• pp.7-16
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• 1994

In the existing deterministic network, the capacity of each arc has determined property. But actually, it may be a property which cannot be determined. Even though it should be determining, it contains many errors. In treating these kinds of problems, fuzzy theory is suitable. Recently, due to development the study on complicated and indefinited systems which contain fuzziness could be possible. This paper includes that the capacity of each arc and the goal quantity with nonnegative integer have the fuzziness. The object is to search the new mathod of fuzzy maximal flow quantity. If the degree of arc membership function of the minimal cut part is not larger than that of arc membership function of the part except the minimal cut, first calcurate nonfuzzy maximal flow quantity, and then can compute the optimal quantity the 3rd step at one time with Max-Min fuzzy operating in the arc capacity of minimal cut and the goal quantity without a great number of recalculation.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2014

PURPOSE. To investigate the microtensile bond strength between two all-ceramic systems; lithium disilicate glass ceramic and zirconia core ceramics bonded with their corresponding glass veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Blocks of core ceramics (IPS e.max$^{(R)}$ Press and Lava$^{TM}$ Frame) were fabricated and veneered with their corresponding glass veneers. The bilayered blocks were cut into microbars; 8 mm in length and $1mm^2$ in cross-sectional area (n = 30/group). Additionally, monolithic microbars of these two veneers (IPS e.max$^{(R)}$ Ceram and LavaTM Ceram; n = 30/group) were also prepared. The obtained microbars were tested in tension until fracture, and the fracture surfaces of the microbars were examined with fluorescent black light and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify the mode of failure. One-way ANOVA and the Dunnett's T3 test were performed to determine significant differences of the mean microtensile bond strength at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS. The mean microtensile bond strength of IPS e.max$^{(R)}$ Press/IPS e.max$^{(R)}$ Ceram ($43.40{\pm}5.51$ MPa) was significantly greater than that of Lava$^{TM}$ Frame/Lava$^{TM}$ Ceram ($31.71{\pm}7.03$ MPa)(P<.001). Fluorescent black light and SEM analysis showed that most of the tested microbars failed cohesively in the veneer layer. Furthermore, the bond strength of Lava$^{TM}$ Frame/Lava$^{TM}$ Ceram was comparable to the tensile strength of monolithic glass veneer of Lava$^{TM}$ Ceram, while the bond strength of bilayered IPS e.max$^{(R)}$ Press/IPS e.max$^{(R)}$ Ceram was significantly greater than tensile strength of monolithic IPS e.max$^{(R)}$ Ceram. CONCLUSION. Because fracture site occurred mostly in the glass veneer and most failures were away from the interfacial zone, microtensile bond test may not be a suitable test for bonding integrity. Fracture mechanics approach such as fracture toughness of the interface may be more appropriate to represent the bonding quality between two materials.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2020

The baseball elimination problem(BEP) is eliminates teams that finishes the season in the early stage without play the remaining games because of the team never most wins even though all wins of remaining games. This problem solved by max-flow/min-cut theorem. But the max-flow/min-cut method has a shortcoming of iterative constructs the network for all of team and decides the min-cut for each network. This paper suggests ascending sort in wins game plus remaining games for each team, then the candidate eliminating team set K with lower 1/2 rank and most easy, simple, and fast computes the existence or not of subset R that a team elimination decision. As a result of various experimental data, this algorithm can be find all of elimination teams for whole data with fast and correct.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.219-232
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• 2020

The slip-weakening model developed by Ohnaka and Yamashita is extended over the breakdown zone by equating the scaling relationships for the breakdown zone and the whole rupture area. For the extension, the study uses the relationship between rupture velocity and radiation efficiency, which was derived in the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, and the definition of f_max given in the specific barrier model proposed by Papageorgiou and Aki. The results clearly show that the extended scaling relationship is governed by the ratio of rupture velocity to S wave velocity, and the velocity ratio can be determined by the ratio of characteristic frequencies of a Fourier amplitude spectrum, which are corner frequency, f_c, and source-controlled cut-off frequency, f_max, or vice versa. The derived relationship is tested by using the characteristic frequencies extracted from previous studies of more than 130 shallow crustal events (focal depth less than 25 km, M_W 3.0~7.5) that occurred in Japan. Under the assumption of a dynamic similarity, the rupture velocity estimated from f_max/f_c and the modified integral timescale give quite similar scale-dependence of the rupture area to that given by Kanamori and Anderson. Also, the results for large earthquakes show good agreement to the values from a kinematic inversion in previous studies. The test results also indicate the unavailability of the spectral self-similarity proposed by Aki because of the scale-dependent rupture velocity and the rupture velocity-dependent f_max/f_c; however, the results do support the local similarity asserted by Ohnaka. It is also remarkable that the relationship between the rupture velocity and f_max/f_c is quite similar to Kolmogorov's hypothesis on a similarity in the theory of isotropic turbulence.