• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.263-273
• /
• 2020

With the change of the agricultural environment (increased rice production, decreased rice consumption, and rice production policies), converting paddy fields into upland fields is an increasing trend. In terms of conversion into upland fields, subsurface drainage is one of the most important factors for good field crop growth. This study evaluates the performance of a subsurface drainage culvert system in paddy fields and reclaimed lands. The obtained results are briefly summarized as follows: 1) After a comparative evaluation of several subsurface drainage culvert systems, including excavated subsurface drainage and non-excavated subsurface drainage types, type 3 (non-excavated, perforated drain pipe 50 mm, filter mat B50 cm, subsoiling 70 cm and culvert spacing 5 m) shows relatively high values among four types in terms of effectiveness (subsurface discharge capability) and economic efficiency (construction cost). 2) Type 3 has proven that it is suitable for design standards of discharge capacity through field tests performed in paddy fields (three sites: Gong-geom, Gae-san, Juk-san) and reclaimed lands (two sites: Gum-ho, Mi-am). 3) In the experiment of Sesamum indicum growth according to the existence of a drainage system, Sesamum indicum growth with a subsurface drainage culvert system had good value in terms of plant shoot and root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2007

This study is to find out effective defensive type by analysis on differences among three different defence types of the body lock technique in the ground wrestling. The subjects are 5 athletes who are in 60kg weight class. To get the kinematic analysis seven ProReflex MCU-240(Motion Capture Unit), infrared rays cameras, which was produced by Qualisys, were used to get a two-dimensional coordinate. Following are the analysis result from kinematic factors such as time element, speed element and angular element. 1. During position of ground wrestling, the average necessary time until defender's hip joint touches the mat for Phase1 was $0.34{\pm}0.14sec$ at side position was the shortest space of time out of three types, and Phase2 was $0.21{\pm}0.02sec$ at front position was the shortest space of time out of three types. Moreover, side defence position was the shortest for total average necessary time with $0.78{\pm}0.05sec$. 2. The movement change for hip joint was $57.21{\pm}20.17cm$ for front, $43.35{\pm}7.13cm$ for rear, and $18.67{\pm}10.24cm$ for side at Phase1 and $42.08{\pm}17.56cm$ for side, $16.61{\pm}6.34cm$ for front, and $1.48{\pm}1.29cm$ for rear at Phase2. 3. Movement speed of hip joint at defensive type were most effective in success and fail rate at Phase 1 and its frontal average speed was fastest with $1.01{\pm}0.23m/s$ following by $0.52{\pm}0.15m/s$ for side, and $0.62{\pm}0.15m/s$ for rear. The average for total change of speed is $0.79{\pm}0.32m/s$ for front, $0.78{\pm}0.17m/s$ for side, and $0.49{\pm}0.08m/s$ for rear. 4. The joint angle gets smaller in a order by rear, front, and side for the size of hip joint angle and knee angle for different defensive type. 5. As a result of one-way ANOVA on linear velocity for hip joint in frontal defence(phase1) was significance ($\alpha$=.05), but phase 2 was not significance. Synthetically, analyzing on differences among three different defence types which were front, rear, and side of the body lock technique in the ground wrestling, front defensive type was the most effective. In future, there should be more studies regarding on defence at not a laboratory study but a field study to help out wrestler to pertinent techniques to improve the game of wrestling.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.79-98
• /
• 1999

In the present study, a simple finite element method of analysis to predict non-uniform settlements at the interface between the mat foundation and foundation soils is proposed. Based on the proposed finite element method of analysis, the method to evaluate load sharing ratios of the foundation soils adjacent to the granular group piles is also presented. Further proposed is a procedure to estimate ultimate bearing capacity of the skirted granular group piles in a square pattern. To verify validity of the proposed methods and the estimated ultimate bearing capacity of the skirted group piles, comparisons are made with the results analyzed by using the PENTAGON3D FEM program. Finally, behavior characteristics with different reinforcement patterns of the skirts and the effect of an increase of ultimate bearing capacity due to the skirts are analyzed in connection with the design parameters.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.215-227
• /
• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate Korea's Honam express train's first- and second-class seat discomfort by using pressure measurement, subjective discomfort rating, and physical compatibility. Background: Over the years, the demand for an express train service is continually increasing. A comfortable ride is important to achieving passenger satisfaction. A train seat plays a significant role in fulfilling passenger seating comfort. With this in view, a field survey and pressure measurements were performed on the selected train seat. Method: The pressure ratio at the body-seat interface (thigh and buttock regions) was measured by the pressure mat system. The interface pressure ratio was calculated and compared. The subjective discomfort rating scale was used to evaluate the subjects' overall feeling. The dimensions of train seats were analysed according to the anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the population data from Size Korea. Results: The results highlighted that the interface pressure ratio was greater while participants sat on the second-class seat than the first-class seat in the left- and right-side thigh regions. Also the pressure ratio was greater for the participants in the 1st~25th percentile height groups (149.8~160.8cm). The subjects rated higher discomfort for the second-class seat than the first-class seat. The physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat's breadth was inadequate for the 95th and 99th percentile male. Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, subjective discomfort score and physical compatibility results showed that the second-class seat was more uncomfortable for the passengers than the first-class seat. Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of the train seats.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to find out definition, specification and characteristics of water-proof method for pond at golf courses that located in the mountain in Korea. Water-proof method of pond was selected by location, kind of soil, area, depth, cost, construction period and so on. 1. Soil Bentonite Sealing Liner(SBL) is to mix soil with a good quality bentonite. Then the mixed material was dressed on the bottom of pond. $\\$Merit of SBL is to purify the water and planting is possible. It can also reduce construction period and is economical. It's easy to find out the leak points. Demerit of SBL is expensive, if good quality soil is not in constructing site. Shape of pond edge is simple. 2. Ethylen Propylene Diene Monomer Sheef(EPDM-Sheet) makes use of sheet that resists to acid and alkaline. EPDM-Sheet spreads out as a mat on the pond for water-proof. Merit of EPDM-Sheet is to perfectly prove water and make a diverse shape of pond edge. Demerit of EPDM-Sheet is not friendly to environment. It needs drain system, air ventilation and long period of construction. It is also difficult to find out leaking points in this method. 3. Water proof of ESS-13 uses ESS-13 that is resin of vegetable matter and friendly to environment. To prove water of pond, ESS-13 is delicate with water in the pond. After that, Ess-13 in the water is expanded at pore space in the soil and cover with soil. ESS-13 can be to prove a leaking pond in golf course under business. ESS-13 is cheap and it needs short construction period. It does not need to switch the old water-proof system, additionally. It needs to move fishes to other place before utilizing ESS-13.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2019

Artocarpus heterophyllus has been used as traditional medicine. This plant is one of the sources of flavonoid. Flavonoid compounds possessed a wide range of biological properties including anticancer. This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of flavonoids from A. heterophyllus on H460 and MCF-7 cell lines. The interaction of flavonoids and cisplatin against tested cancer cells was also evaluated. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of flavonoid. Isobologram analysis was selected to evaluate the synergistic effect between flavonoid and cisplatin, their interaction was then confirmed using AO/PI staining method. Amongst of flavonoid compounds, artocarpin exhibited strong cytotoxic effect on both MCF-7 and H460 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 12.53 ㎍/mL (28.73 μM) and 9.77 ㎍/mL (22.40 μM), respectively. This compound enhanced anticancer activity of cisplatin against H460 and MCF-7. The combination produced a synergistic effect on H460 and MCF-7 cell lines with a combination index (CI) values of 0.2 and 0.18, respectively. The AO/PI stained demonstrated that the combination of artocarpin and cisplatin caused morphological changes that indicated apoptosis. Moreover, artocarpanone also significantly increased cytotoxic effect of cisplatin compared to its single concentration with CI below than 1. This result suggested the potency of flavonoid named artocarpin to enhance the anticancer activity of cisplatin on H460 and MCF-7 cell lines.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether therapeutic exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults. Methods: 30 patients were participated in this study. To evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise, patients were evaluated by using One leg stand test which was static balance test, Berge balance test, Functional reach test and Get up and go test which was dynamic balance test. Finally Gait pattern were assessed by using 3-dimensional gait analysis system. The assessment parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. And we received a consent form from all patients. The data were analyzed by paired t-test for compare pre and after therapeutic exercise. Results: One leg stand test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Get Up and Go test was significantly decreased after than before therapeutic exercise. Functional Reach test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Burge Balance test was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Stride length was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Cadence was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Velocity was significantly increased after than before therapeutic exercise. Conclusion: We thought that therapeutic exercise that is mat exercise has effectiveness on the balance and gait in older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.46 no.8
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of Goryoin housing in Uzbekistan and Korea. Using ethnographic methodologies, it was examined that 20 Goryoin households in Korea in relation to their usage of housing space firstly and also tried 20 Goryoin households in Uzbekistan with the same method. The following conclusion were established; 1). The majority of households in both areas preferred separated kitchen and living room areas. 2). Most households in both areas had a washing machine in bathroom and they regarded bathtub and the drain hole of the bathroom as very necessary. They all preferred separate bathroom and toilet areas in order to allow simultaneous use. 3). Their preferred seating style was chairs on sleeping and eating especially but they treated large family and guest without chairs in both areas. 4). All of them were took their shoes off and wore slippers at home usually and also had a preference for designated shoes space at the entrance to the house. 5) All of households in Uzbekistan and half of them in Korea had a carpet or mat in the bedroom or living room, both for keeping warm and aesthetic reasons. 6). The heating system of apartment in Uzbekistan was radiator and most of private houses had a modified Ondol with radiator but their preferred heating system was modified Ondol in both areas. 7). They all considered the living room as the most important housing space for family and guest in both areas.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.583-593
• /
• 1998

The study was carried on the influence of {{{{ { {H }_{3 }BO }_{3 } }} for hydration of blended rapid hardening cement which was composed of {{{{ {{C }`_{4 } ^{ }A }_{3 } }} Adding {{{{ { {H }_{3 }BO }_{3 } }} to the mortar of blended rapid hardening cement delayed the setting time and increased the flow of the mortar. When {{{{ { {H }_{3 }BO }_{3 } }} added to the blended rapid hardening cement mono-sulfate was produced rather than ettringite and the existing time of monosulfate also prolonged. After hours monosulfate was converted to ettringite through being producted like gels. This monosulfate phase in-fluences on the setting time and flow of fresh mortar.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2003

IPv6 (IP version 6), which was standardized by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) to cope with existing IPv4 problems, needs several approaches for interoperation with IPv4. The internetworking of IPv6 with IPv4 is an important key to the deployment of the next generation Internet. As the solutions to the transition mechanism, both tunneling and translator methods have been proposed. In this paper, we analyze functional elements for implementation design of a transition mechanism based on the NAT-PT (NAT-Protocol Translation), and propose an extension algorithm that uses ports for effective use of global IPv4 addresses. The algorithm presented in this paper is a method of combining NAT-PT with Port Translation mechanism. The algorithm does not assign an IPv4 address to the host that needs IPv4 address, but allocates a single temporary IPv4 address and a port number in order to identify host.