• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2011

In order to enhance the clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT), liposomal formulations using bulk hydrogenated phospholipids from soybean were introduced. Three types of lipids, S75-3, S100-3, and SL80-3 were used for formulating ALA. The pH of all the liposomal ALA is 4.5~5.5 and the size is 50~200 nm. All the liposomal formulations gave better ex vivo ALA skin penetration using nude mice skin in Franz cell than free ALA did. Among them, SL80-3 including 22% of lyso-phosphocholine achieved excellent ALA penetration when compared with those of S75-3 and S100-3 which have only 1~2% of lyso-phospholipids. S100-3 showed a little better results than S75-3 did. Addition of humectants (glycerine, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, betaine) in liposomal ALA formulated with SL80-3 produced little enhancing effect in ALA penetration. On the other hand, addition of surfactants (Tween 20, 60, Brij 72, 76, 78) in same liposomal system produced significant increase in ALA penetration. Among them, transferosomal system of lyso-phospholipid, SL80-3 and the surfactant, Brij76 showed the highest ALA penetration. Furthermore, this system also established the highest in vivo PpIX biosynthesis in hairy mice skin of C57BL/6. These results concluded that the transferosome of SL80-3 and Brij76 produced the best results in both ALA penetration and PpIX biosynthesis, and proved good correlation between them.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

Arachidonic acid (AA), which is stored in membrane glycerophospholipids, is liberated by phospholipase $A_2$ (PLA$_2$) enzymes and is sequentially converted to cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) then to various bioactive PGs, and LTs. In order to find the specific inhibitors of AA metabolism especially PLA$_2$, COX-2, 5-LO and lyso PAF acetyltransferase, 120 Korean residential plants extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on PGD$_2$, LTC$_4$ production from cytokine-induced mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) and arachidonic acid released from phospholipid and PAF production from lyso PAF. From this screening procedure, methanol extract of ten indigenous plant such as Salix gracilistyla, Sedum kamtschaticum, Cirsium chanroenicum, Hypericum ascyron, Astilbe chinensis, Agrimonia pilosa, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Vodia daniellii, Pyrola japonica, Styrax obassia were found to inhibit production of inflammatory mediators in vitro assay system.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권1호통권132호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2003

Arachidonic acid(AA), which is stored in membrane glycerophospholipids, is liberated by phospholipase $A_2(PLA_2)$ enzymes and is sequentially converted to cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) then to various bioactive prostaglandins (PGs,) and leukotrienes (LTs). In order to find the specific inhibitors of AA metabolism enzymes such as $PLA_2$, COX-2, 5-LO and lyso PAF acetyltransferase. 195 Korean indigenous plant extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on $PGD_2,\;LTC_4$ production from cytokine-induced mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) and arachidonic acid released from phospholipid and PAF production from lyso PAF. From this screening procedure, methanol extract of eight plants such as Saururus chinensis, Aster tataricus, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Reynoutria japonica, Disocorea nipponica, Epimedium koreanum, impatiens textori, Veronica rotunda var. subintegra were found to inhibit production of inflammatory mediators in vitro assay system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.407-413
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• 1996

A novel type of extracellular phospholipase $A_1$ was isolated from Serratia sp. MK1 and purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of about 43, 000 Da. This enzyme showed the highest lipolytic activity toward phosphatidylserine among the phosphoglycerides tested, and preferentially catalyzed the hydrolysis of the ester bond in phosphatidic acid to lyso-phosphatidic acid. Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by the addition of a chelating agent such as EDTA, and inhibited enzyme activity was fully recovered by the presence of $Ca^{2+}$. This implies that the enzyme requires $Ca^{2+}$ for activity. The enzyme was stable up to $70^{\circ}C$ when incubated for 1 h at pH 8.5, and the optimal pH and temperature were 8.5 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.220-224
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• 1991

물 및 다섯가지 탈검제(citric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic anhydride 및 maleic anhydride)를 사용하여 미강유를 탈검하고 그 탈검효율을 비교하였다. 미강유 원유로부터 인 함유 물질을 제거하는데 있어서 모든 탈검제가 보다 효과적이었으며, 특히 acetic anhydride와 phosphoric acid는 각각 92.5% 및 93.3%까지 인 함유율을 저하시켰다. 또한 비수화성 인지질 특히 Lyso PC를 제거하는데 있어서 모든 탈검제가 효과적이었다. 미강유로부터 추출한 AI의 인지질은 주로 PC, PI, PE 및 Lyso PC로 구성되어 있었으며, 주요 지방산은 oleic acid, linoleic acid 및 palmitic acid의 순이었다. Acetic anhydride를 사용하여 얻은 AI가 가장 안정된 유화를 형성하였으며, 반면에 phosphoric acid 및 oxalic acid를 처리하여 얻은 AI는 매우 빈약한 유화성을 나타냈다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.476-481
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• 1994

액젓 제조시 발효를 촉진하기 위하여 정어리를 기질로한 코오지를 제조하고 이것으로 부터 추출한 조효소액인 lipase의 pH 및 온도의존성과 코오지의 구성지질 및 지방산 조성을 조사하였다. Lipase의 최적 활성을 나타내는 pH는 $7{\sim}8$이었으며 pH 5.0 이하와 9.0 이상이 되면 활성은 급격히 감소하였고, 최적온도는 $40^{\circ}C$ 부근이였다. pH 및 온도에 변화에 따른 활성잔존율을 조사한 바 pH $6{\sim}9$ 범위에서 $90{\sim}100\%$, $40^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 가열처리했을때 약 $80\%$의 잔존율을 보였고 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상이 되면 잔존율은 크게 감소하여 $50^{\circ}C$는 $10\%$, $60^{\circ}C$는 $3\%$의 잔존율을 보였다. 코오지 지질 조성은 중성지질은 triglyceride가 $53.4\%$ 유리지방산은 $28.1\%$로 전체 중성 지질의 $81.5\%$를 차지하였고 인지질은 phosphatidylethanol이 $32.7\%$로 가장 높았고 그 다음이 phosphatidylinositol이 $25.5\%$, phosphatidylcholine이 $25.1\%$였고 그 외 lyso-phosphatidyl-choline, sphingomyeline 등도 $7.3\%$와 $3.5\%$정도 함유되어 있었다. 한편 총지질과 중성지질의 주요 지방산은 16:0, 22:6, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 및 20:5이였고 인지질의 경우는 22:6이 중성지질에 비해 월등히 높게 나타났고 그 다음이 16:0, 18:2n-6 및 20:5로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.770-778
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• 1995

Anchovy Engraulis japonica boiled and dried was stored at $20^{\circ}C$ for 5 months after that treatment of sodium-erythorbate (Na-ery) or deoxygenizer (Deoxy). During storage, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, lipid content, and lipid class compositions were determined to evaluate the quality of the samples. pay was decreased rapidly for the first 3 months storage and its decrease was Deoxy group>Control group>Na-ery group in that order. TBA values increased for the first 4 months and then decreased rapidly, and it's increase was the highest in Control group, followed by Na-ery and Deoxy group. Total lipid contents in all samples declined during storage. Especially, phospholipid decreased mainly in Na- ery and Deoxy group, while neutral lipid mainly in Control group. Triglyceride (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine(PE), and phosphatidylcholine(PC) decreased, while free fatty acid (FFA) and lyso-PC (LPC) increased during storage. The decrease of TG was the highest in Control group and that of PE and PC was higher in Na-ery group than in other sample. The decrease of PE in all samples (except Deoxy group) was higher than that of pc. The increase of FFA and LPC were higher in Control and Na-ery group than in Deoxy group. These results indicated that the lipid deterioration of the boiled and dried-anchovy was effectively suppressed by the enclosed deoxygenizer during storage at $20^{\circ}C$.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 1993

전보(문, 1993)에 이어 은어의 중성 및 인지질의 class별 조성과 각각의 구성 지방산을 분석${\cdot}$비교 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 은어의 전 부위의 중성지질은 triglyceride가 주성분으로서 $94.8{\sim}99.5\%$를 차지하였으며, 다른 부위에 비하여 내장부위의 조성비가 가장 높았고, 머리부위가 가장 낮았다. 2. 은어의 인지질은 전 부위에서 phosphatidylcholine 및 phosphatidylethanolamine이 주성분이었으며, 이들 성분은 머리와 근육부위에 많은 양이 함유되어 있었다 내장에 cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylcholine이 주성분이었다. 3. 중성지질의 주요 지방산은 16:0, 88:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 18:0 및 14:0이었고, 크기와 부위에 따른 차이는 미미했다. 이들 중 16:1n-7 및 14:0의 조성비는 인지질에 비해 특히 높은 반면, polyene산의 조성비는 낮았다. 4. 인지질의 주요 지방산은 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3, 18:0 및 18:2n-6 등이었다. 이들 중 22:6n-3 조성비는 머리 및 근육에서 특히 높아, 중성지질의 경우에 비해 6배 정도 높은 함량이었다. 은어의 크기에 따른 중성 및 인지질의 구성지방산 조성의 차이는 거의 없었다.