• Title/Summary/Keyword: Lu's method

Search Result 167, Processing Time 0.023 seconds

Iterative identification methods for ill-conditioned processes

  • Lee, Jietae;Cho, Wonhui;Edgar, Thomas F.
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 1997.10a
    • /
    • pp.1762-1765
    • /
    • 1997
  • Some ill-conditioned processes are very sensitive to small element-wise uncertainties arising in classical element-by-element model identifications. For such processes, accurate identification of simgular values and right singular vectors are more important than theose of the elements themselves. Singular values and right singular vectors can be found by iteraive identification methods which implement the input and output transformations iteratively. Methods based on SVD decomposition, QR decomposition and LU decomposition are proposed and compared with the Kuong and Mac Gregor's method. Convergence proofs are given. These SVD and QR mehtods use normal matrices for the transformations which cannot be calculated analytically in general and so they are hoard to apply to dynamic processes, whereas the LU method used simple analyitc transformations and can be directly applied to dynamic processes.

  • PDF

Synthesis, Radiolabeling and Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor Binding Affinity of a Novel Bombesin Antagonist-Based Peptide, DOTA-Ala(SO3H)-Aminooctanoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-N methyl Gly-His-Statine-Leu-NH2

  • Lim, Jae Cheong;Choi, Sang Mu;Cho, Eun Ha;Kim, Jin Joo
    • Journal of Radiation Industry
    • /
    • v.7 no.2_3
    • /
    • pp.127-134
    • /
    • 2013
  • Bombesin receptors are overexpressed in many kinds of human tumors. In particular, the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) which is also called bombesin receptor subtype 2, has been identified in prostate cancer. In the present study, we developed a bombesin antagonist-based $^{177}Lu$-labeled peptide, $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-$Ala(SO_3H)$-Aminooctanoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-N methyl Gly-His-Statine-Leu-$NH_2$ (DOTA-sBBNA). DOTA-sBBNA was prepared using a solid phase synthesis method. It was labeled with $^{177}Lu$ by a high radiolabeling yield (>98%), and its Log P value was -2.05. The radiolabeled peptide was highly stable in serum incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. A competitive displacement of $^{125}I-[Tyr^4]$-Bombesin on the PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells revealed that the $IC_{50}$ value of the peptide was 6.76 nM indicating a highly nanomolar binding affinity for GRPR. These results suggest that $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-sBBNA can be a potential candidate for targeting prostate cancer, and further studies to evaluate its biological characteristics are needed.

AN UNSTRUCTURED STEADY COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES SOLVER WITH IMPLICIT BOUNDARY CONDITION METHOD (내재적 경계조건 방법을 적용한 비정렬 격자 기반의 정상 압축성 Navier-Stokes 해석자)

  • Baek, C.;Kim, M.;Choi, S.;Lee, S.;Kim, C.W.
    • Journal of computational fluids engineering
    • /
    • v.21 no.1
    • /
    • pp.10-18
    • /
    • 2016
  • Numerical boundary conditions are as important as the governing equations when analyzing the fluid flows numerically. An explicit boundary condition method updates the solutions at the boundaries with extrapolation from the interior of the computational domain, while the implicit boundary condition method in conjunction with an implicit time integration method solves the solutions of the entire computational domain including the boundaries simultaneously. The implicit boundary condition method, therefore, is more robust than the explicit boundary condition method. In this paper, steady compressible 2-Dimensional Navier-Stokes solver is developed. We present the implicit boundary condition method coupled with LU-SGS(Lower Upper Symmetric Gauss Seidel) method. Also, the explicit boundary condition method is implemented for comparison. The preconditioning Navier-Stokes equations are solved on unstructured meshes. The numerical computations for a number of flows show that the implicit boundary condition method can give accurate solutions.

Crystal Structure Refinement and Persistent Luminescence Properties of Lu3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+,Cr3+ Phosphors (Lu3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+,Cr3+ 형광체의 결정구조 분석 및 잔광성 발광 특성)

  • Kim, Ji-Won;Kim, Yeong-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
    • /
    • v.30 no.8
    • /
    • pp.413-420
    • /
    • 2020
  • Lu3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+,Cr3+ powders are prepared using a solid-state reaction method. To determine the crystal structure, Rietveld refinement is performed. The results indicate that Ga3+ ions preferentially occupied tetrahedral rather than octahedral sites. The lattice constant linearly increases, obeying Vegard's law, despite the strong preference of Ga3+ for the tetrahedral sites. Increasing x led to a blue-shift of the Ce3+ emission band in the green region and a change in the emission intensity. Persistent luminescence is observed from the powders prepared with x = 2-3, occurring through a trapping and detrapping process between Ce3+ and Cr3+ ions. The longest persistent luminescence is achieved for x = 2; its lifetime is at least 30 min. The findings are explained using crystal structure refinement, crystal field splitting, optical band gap, and electron trapping mechanism.

The Research about the Correlation Between the Spontaneous Polarization of LuFe2O4 and Behavior of Iron by Mössbauer (뫼스바우어 분광법을 이용한 LuFe2O4의 자발분극과 철 이온의 거동과의 상관관계에 대한 연구)

  • Bang, Bong-Kyu;Kim, Chul-Sung;Kim, Sung-Baek;Cheong, S.W.
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.10-13
    • /
    • 2007
  • Single crystalline, $LuFe_2O_4$, was grown by the floating zone method. The crystal structure was a two-dimensional layered-type rhombohedral($R\={3}mh$) structure, with an $a_0=3.440(2)\;{\AA}\;and\;a\;c_0=25.263(2)\;{\AA}$. The magnetic $N\'{e}el$ temperature($T_N$) was determined to be 250 K. The $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectrum at 12 K was fitted with four sextet sets which was resulted from the crystal structure. The spectrm at room temperature consisted of three singlets and a doublet with the electric quadrupole splitting. The isomer shift($\delta$) value of the singlet was $0.20{\pm}0.01mm/s$ relative to the Fe metal indicating the $Fe^{3+}$ valence state, and the value of the doublet was $0.70{\pm}0.01mm/s$ indicating $Fe^{2+}$. The $M\"{o}ssbauer$ absorption area ratio between $Fe^{3+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ at room temperature was 1:1. The doublet phase of spectra gradually disappears by up to 360 K. At 360 K, the spectrum shows the singlet phase. We suggested that the spontaneous polarization effect of $LuFe_2O_4$ was caused by the change of iron behavior.

Geometrical Construction of the S Matrix and Multichannel Quantum Defect Theory for the two Open and One Closed Channel System

  • Lee, Chun-Woo
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.23 no.7
    • /
    • pp.971-984
    • /
    • 2002
  • The multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) is reformulated into the form of the configuration mixing (CM) method using the geometrical construction of the S matrix developed for the system involving two open and one closed channels. The reformulation is done by the phase renormalization method of Giusti-Suzor and Fano. The rather unconventional short-range reactance matrix K whose diagonal elements are not zero is obtained though the Lu-Fano plot becomes symmetrical. The reformulation of MQDT yields the partial cross section formulas analogous to Fano's resonance formula, which has not easily been available in other's work.

Study on the Relationship between the Cultural Position of the Subject of Creation and Filmic Narrative - Focusing on A Quiet Dream by Zhang Lu - (창작 주체의 문화적 위치와 영화 서사와의 관계에 대한 일고찰 - 장뤼(張律)의 <춘몽>을 중심으로 -)

  • Jin, Sung-Hee
    • Cross-Cultural Studies
    • /
    • v.50
    • /
    • pp.173-196
    • /
    • 2018
  • This study, which works to develop a method of focusing on A Quiet Dream by Zhang Lu, explored the structural differences of films and the changes in Zhang Lu's aim and perspective as noted in films, by a review to grasp his internal changes in texts and contextual factors. In A Quiet Dream, Zhang Lu made a filmic attempt that had never been made in the world of films prior to that date. He tried an aesthetic experiment on how films could reorganize the world, by using the effect of obscuring the boundary between reality and dream in films and generating a new narrative regarding filmic reality, actual reality, and the life and artistic truth of the Diaspora. Generally speaking, the changes in the narrative in A Quiet Dream seem to be his resistance against himself and the Diaspora. Thus, in the discussion about A Quiet Dream, relying on the external factors intervening in the relationship between the subject of creation and films is not a useful endeavor at this time. Consequently, it is noted that after settling down in Korea, Zhang Lu could directly approach the changes in the cultural position of films in multilayered ways, where films were the most dynamic part of his life. Due to the changes in the Diaspora, he could obscure the boundary for the first time in the world of films and experiment with how films could escape develop an interesting perspective that deviated from reality, and made a new goal to show new ideas regarding the individual's awareness of the world.

A Study on the categorization of acupuncture points of the Lung Meridian based on Huangdineijingmingtang ("황제내경명당(黃帝內經明堂)"을 중심으로 살펴본 폐경(肺經) 수혈(腧穴) 배열법에 관한 고찰)

  • Ahn, Jin-Hee;Baik, You-Sang;Jang, Woo-Chang;Jeong, Chang-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.141-168
    • /
    • 2012
  • Objective : The objective of this paper is to study the characteristics of the categorization of acupuncure points of the Lung Meridian(肺經) based on Hwangdineijingmingtang(黃帝內經明堂). Method : This paper examines several texts regarding the Lung Meridian. Result and Conclusion : Out of Yang Shangshan(楊上善)'s work, the theoretical aspects are presented in Hwangdineijingmingtang, whereas contents regarding acupuncture points are presented in Hwangdineijingmingtang. This is due to Yang's position as an imperial doctor(太醫侍御). In Hwangdineijingmingtang, Yang explains the characteristics of Metal(金) based on Hwangdineijingmingtang followed by an explanation of the acupuncture points of the Lung Meridian, which shows his emphasis on the relationship between the meridian as the main branch and the viscera. Along this medical logic, Yang must have included LU1(中府) into the Lung Meridian. This is Yang's unique point of view, distinguishing itself from other texts regarding the Lung Meridian. Apart from the means of explanation of the Lung Meridian by Yang, the verse 'made a volume for each 12 meridian' in the introduction of Hwangdineijingmingtang, discussion of the main treatable diseases of Hwangdineijingmingtang, contents on pathways of Lingshu Jingmai(靈樞 經脈), the start and end points of the meridians in Lingshu Maidu(靈樞 脈度) points to the assumption that each acupuncture point's belonging meridian known to us today was fixated by Yang.

A Study on Acupoint SP3 in Saam Acupuncture Method (사암도인침법에서 태백혈의 운용에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Song-Yi;Lee, Soon-Ho;Park, Ji-Yeun;Park, Hi-Joon
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
    • /
    • v.31 no.4
    • /
    • pp.179-187
    • /
    • 2014
  • Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin is traditional and originative method, which is characterized by applying the five phases theory and mother-child reinforcement-reduction principle to the selection of acupoints and needling manipulation. Our study was aimed to summarize and assess the use of acupoint SP3(Taebaek) in Saam acupuncture treatment and to further understand Saam acupuncture in an aspect of the combination of acupoints. Methods : We searched the data based on "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Sa-Ahm's acupuncture method" for SP3 used and acupoint combination including SP3. We performed frequency analysis, network analysis, and cluster analysis for quantitative aspect. To understand clinical implication of SP3 with another acupoint, qualitative and descriptive methods were also carried out. Results and Conclusions : In our study, SP3 was frequently used for tonification of lung, spleen, heart, and kidney meridian and sedation of kidney, heart, and lung meridian. For this, many acupoints such as LU8, LU9, KI3, HT8, KI7, LU10 and LR1 were used with SP3. The combination of SP3 and other acupoints were used to treat stroke, common cold, and pain conditions including headache, low back pain, respiratory disease as well as gastroenteric troubles including stomachache, indigestion, vomiting, and constipation. To further understand Saam acupuncture, an understanding of the five transport points based on five elements characters, pathological changes (deficiency and excess) of viscera and bowels, and concept of source point should be preceded.