• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.723-732
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• 1997

본 연구의 목적은 악안면유형에 따라 측모 연조직 양상에 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 17세 이상의 연령을 가진 다양한 수직적 양상을 보이는 II급 및 III급 남,녀 79명을 선택하여 각 계측치를 계측하고 통계 처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Nasolabial angle, interlabial angle, lower lip angle, mentolabial angle, symphyseal angle이 골격성 II급군과 III급군간에 유의한 차이를 보였고, nasofrontal angle, upper lip angle, mentolabial angle, symphyseal angle이 high angle군과 low angle군간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 2. 악골의 시상적관계를 나타내는 ANB값이 연조직의 nasolabial angle, symphyseal angle, interlabial angle과 정상관 관계를 보였고, lower lip angle과는 역상관 관계를 보였다. 3. 악골의 수직적관계를 나타내는 SN-GoMe값은 연조직의 mentolabial angle, symphyseal angle, nasofrontal angle, upper lip angle과 정상관 관계를 보였다. 4. 골격성 III급군에 비해 II급군에서 SN-GoMe값에 따른 측모연조직 양상의 차이가 현저하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.627-634
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 단정한 측모를 지니고 교합이 양호한 성인을 대상으로 몇 가지 연조직 분석을 시행하고, 이를 여러 다른 연구에서의 기준치와 비교하여, 향후 교정치료 계획시에 도움이 되고자 하여 시행하였다. 측모가 단정하고 교합이 양호한 성인 남, 녀 각 25명 (총 50명)을 대상으로 촬영한 측모 두부X선계측사진에서 연조직 측모의 각도, 거리 계측을 시행하여 facial convexity angle, nasolabial angle, H-angle, Z-angle, E-line to upper lip, lower lip과 Sn-Pog' to upper lip, lower lip에 대한 남녀의 평균과 표준편차를 구하였고, 국내의 다른 연구와 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 모든 항목에 대해 백인에 비해 전방 돌출된 안모의 특징을 보였으며, 국내의 다른 연구의 수치에 비해서도 본 연구의 표본의 안모는 전방 돌출되어 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

본 연구는 7세에서 11세 사이의 혼합치열기 아동의 전치 경사도와 입술 경사도 사이의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 353명의 측모두부방사선 사진을 분석하여, 골격성 부정교합의 분류에 따른 상악 전치 경사도, 하악 전치 경사도, 하-비순각, 이순각을 평가하였다. 측정된 수치는 Kruskal-Wallis test와 피어슨 상관분석 및 다중회귀분석을 통해 평가하였다. 모든 골격성 부정교합에서 상악 전치 경사도와 상순 경사도 사이에는 유의한 음의 상관관계가 확인되었고, 하악 전치 경사도와 하순 경사도 사이에는 음의 상관관계가 확인되었으나 2급 부정교합에서는 유의할만한 양의 상관관계가 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 입술 경사도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 확인하고 그 연관성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제24권2호통권201호
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• pp.143-152
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• 1986

The soft tissue profiles of 56 normal children were studied on their cephalograms and follow ing conclusions were made. 1. Upper facial height, Lower facial height, lower lip length were longer in female. 2. Facial convexity including the nose was convex in female. 3. Nasolabial angle, columella facial angle were larger in female. 4. Standard deviation wiggle grams were made.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate the relative importance of bilabial prominence in relation to other facial profile parameters in a normal population. Methods: Profile stimulus images of 38 individuals (28 female and 10 male; ages 19-25 years) were shown to an unrelated group of first-year students (n = 42; ages 18-24 years). The images were individually viewed on a 17-inch monitor. The observers received standardized instructions before viewing. A six-question questionnaire was completed using a Likert-type scale. The responses were analyzed by ordered logistic regression to identify associations between profile characteristics and observer preferences. The Bayesian Information Criterion was used to select variables that explained observer preferences most accurately. Results: Nasal, bilabial, and chin prominences; the nasofrontal angle; and lip curls had the greatest effect on overall profile attractiveness perceptions. The lip-chin-throat angle and upper lip curl had the greatest effect on forehead prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle (particularly the lower component), and mentolabial angle had the greatest effect on nasal prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, chin prominence, and submental length had the greatest effect on lip prominence perceptions. The bilabial prominence, nasolabial angle, mentolabial angle, and submental length had the greatest effect on chin prominence perceptions. Conclusions: More prominent lips, within normal limits, may be considered more attractive in the profile view. Profile parameters have a greater influence on their neighboring aesthetic units but indirectly influence related profile parameters, endorsing the importance of achieving an aesthetic balance between relative prominences of all aesthetic units of the facial profile.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2002

교정치료 후 연조직의 변화가 나타난다. 특히, 하안면부위에 많은 변화를 일으키게 되며, 대표적으로 입술은 치아 이동량의 $60\~70\%$정도 이동한다고 알려져 있다. 하지만, 이동량은 개인마다 그 양상이 다양하다. 본 연구는 환자의 입술두께에 따라 연조직 이동 양상에 차이가 있는지 여부를 조사하는데 그 목적이 있다. 발치를 동반한 교정치료를 받은 성인환자를 대상으로 basic upper lip thickness에 따라 환자를 분류한 결과, 두께가 얇은 군(group 1)에서 치료 후 연조직 변화에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 mentolabial angle와 하순의 변화간에 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 두께가 평균인 군(group 2)에서 상순의 변화에 영향을 미치는 요소로는 상악전치의 변화, 하악전치의 변화, 하순의 변화, nasolabial angle의 변화로 나타났으며, 하순의 변화에 영향을 미치는 요소로는 상순의 변화, 상악전치의 변화, 하악전치의 변화로 나타났다. 두께가 두꺼운 군(group 3)에서 는 상순, 하순의 변화는 전치위치의 변화나 연조직 변화와는 관련 없음으로 관찰되었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the vertical changes of the lip and perioral soft tissue, following orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients by a cephalometric analysis of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 20 skeletal class III patients, who had bimaxillary surgery with Le Fort 1 osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, were included in this study. The surgical plan for maxilla was posterosuperior impaction with the anterior nasal spine, as the rotation center. Further, the surgical plan for mandible was also posterosuperior movement. The soft tissue changes between lateral cephalogram and CBCT were compared. And the correlations between independent variables and dependent variables were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences of the soft tissues changes between lateral cephalogram and CBCT. Upper lip philtrum length (SnLs), nasolabial angle increased and upper lip vermilion length (LsStms), lower lip length (StmiB'), lower lip vermilion length (StmiLi), lower lip philtrum length (LiB') and soft tissue lower facial height (SnMe') decreased after surgery. Change of SnLs (${\Delta}$SnLs) was influenced by vertical change of menton (${\Delta}$MeV), and change of LsStms (${\Delta}$LsStms) was influenced by upper lip thickness (ULT). Change of StmiLi' (${\Delta}$StmiLi') were influenced by preoperative overjet. Change of StmiB' (${\Delta}$StmiB') were influenced by preoperative overjet, vertical change of lower incisor (${\Delta}$L1V) and horizontal change of posterior nasal spine (${\Delta}$PNSH). Change of LiB' (${\Delta}$LiB') was influenced by ${\Delta}$L1V and ${\Delta}$PNSH. Change of SnMe' (${\Delta}$SnMe') was influenced by ${\Delta}$MeV, horizontal change of upper incisor (${\Delta}$U1H) and horizontal change of lower incisor (${\Delta}$L1H). ${\Delta}$Nasolabial angle was influenced by change of ULT (${\Delta}$ULT). Conclusion: Both soft tissues and hard tissues can be evaluated by CBCT. Posterosuperior rotation of maxillomandibular complex resulted in increase of upper lip philtrum length and nasolabial angle, while the upper lip vermilion length, lower lip philtrum length, lower lip vermilion length, and soft tissue lower facial height showed a decrease.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of soft tissue profile of the class III malocclusion and to test the yardstick far differential diagnosis between surgical and orthodontic patients. Initial lateral cephalograms of orthodontic group(30 patients) that have acceptable occlusion and profile by orthodontic treatment alone and surgical group(30 patients) that have favorable occlusion and profile by combined surgical-orthodontic treatment were selected in Ajou university hospital. Powell and Burstone II analysis were made on the tracing. Descriptive, comparative, factor, cluster, and discriminant analysis were carried out with computer program. The results were as followings : 1. Patients who received surgery had a more concave profile and a longer lower facial height than patients who received orthodontic treatment alone. 2. Nasolabial angle, ratio of vertical height, and mentolabial sulcus were significantly different at the 5% level. And facial protuberance, upper lip protuberance, mentocervical angle, nasofrontal angle, nasomental angle, mandibular vertical height, angle between cervix and lower face, ratio of mandibular vertical height divided by cervical depth, ratio of vertical height between upper and lower lip, and maxillary protuberance were significantly different at the 1% level. 3. 8 factors were extracted and factor 2, 3, and 8 showed significant differences by factor analysis. 4. Orthodontic group (25) and surgical group (35) were classified by cluster analysis. 5. Discriminant function was D = 0.079Nasomental angle + 0.081Sn-Gn + 3.343Sn-Gn/C-Gn + 1.734Sn-St/St-Me' -26.460, and cutting score was 0, so we can discriminate that orthodontic group has the score above 0, and surgery group below 0. And 91.7% of original grouped cases were correctly classified.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.277-294
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 II급 청소년, 성인 환자에서 발치와 비발치 후 연조직 변화를 비교하기 위한 것이었다. 원광대학교 치과병원 교정과에 내원한 환자 68명을 각각 청소년발치군, 청소년비발치군, 성인발치군, 성인비발치군으로 분류하여 치료 전후의 측모 두부방사선사진을 계측하였다. 각 군의 치료 전후를 비교하고 각 군 간의 변화량을 비교하였으며, 그 중 통계적으로 유의한 변수들의 상관성과 회귀분석을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 청소년과 성인의 발치군에서 비순각은 유의하게 증가하였고 비발치군에서는 유의하게 감소하였다. 발치군에서는 vertical-U1과 E line-upper lip의 변화량 간에, vertical-U1과 E line-lower lip의 변화량 간에, vertical-L1과 vertical-Li의 변화량 간에 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 발치군에서 회귀분석을 통해 E line-upper lip, E line-lower lip, Li에 대한 단순회귀방정식이 도출되었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.54-64
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• 1992

The balance of facial sop tissue is important factor for the treatment of maxillofacial deformity patients. There are many cephalometric analysis of facial bone but a few soft tissue analysis of face for the orthognathic surgery, especially in the oriental people. This study aimed at examining the mean value of the soft tissue measurement of 120 Korean adult women with the linear and angular measurement and comparing with Caucasian. The results ere as follows. 1. In the frontal linear measurement, Korean women have larger interocular distant and width of nose, but the width of mouth appeared less than Caucasian. 2. In the frontal angular measurement, Korean women have larger inclination of the eye than Caucasian. 3. In the lateral linear measurement, Korean women have more prominent upper and lower lip position than Caucasian and have longer upper facial height comparing with lower facial height than Caucasian. 4. In the lateral angular measurement, Korean women have more convex facial profile and less nasolabial and geniolabial angle. 5. In the lateral facial ratio, Korean women have larger proportion in the lower department below the stomion.