• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2010

Metals and sulfate can be considerably dissolved at low pH condition in the acid mine drainage(AMD) and it would make an environmental problems. There are only few of acid mine drainage treatment systems in Korea which are operating, but these still have an effect on the surrounding stream. In this study, quantification of indicator microorganisms was conducted to judge the environmental impact of AMD on microflora by quantitative real-time PCR in the drainage samples of four mines and the water samples of each surrounding stream. Two species of iron reducing bacteria(Rhodoferax ferrireducens T118 and Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5) were selected for indicator bacteria based on 16S rRNA cloning analysis, and sulfate reducing bacteria(Desulfosporosinus orientus), iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria(Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans) and iron oxidizing bacteria(Leptosprillum ferrooxidans) were included into indicator since these were found in the previous studies on the mining area. Thereafter, the comparative analysis of four mines were established by the microbiological variation index and it was determined that the biological environment effect of AMD is highest in Samtan mine which doesn t contain treatment system by the value.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.65-71
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• 2015

Purpose - Domestic cooperatives tend to increase during the establishment of cooperatives and gradually through the basic law of social needs. However, only cooperatives' qualitative grow this secured without blessings, and their quantitative growth through government support is questionable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the agricultural cooperatives established through the Distribution System Cooperatives Basic Law, which was enacted in January 2012. Subsequently, establishing agricultural cooperatives was done briskly. However, cooperatives established rapidly after the founding of the Basic Law encountered problems. Research design, data, and methodology - To assess the performance of selected agricultural cooperatives, data were analyzed using the methodological Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The AHP is a set of systematic procedures to hierarchically analyze the elements of any problem. Using a survey on expertise, a series of comparative determinations of each pair is performed to evaluate the relative strengths and the strengths of the impact between elements within the hierarchy. A survey was conducted on 10 small agricultural cooperatives using AHP analysis for the examination. The purpose of such research and analysis is to recommend a direction for future policies aimed at small agricultural cooperatives. Result - This study applied three types of policy evaluation criterion, including market expansions, organizations, and cooperative projects, and 12 types of small agricultural cooperative policy measures. Market expansion policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four categories: school meals, direct transactions, shopping malls, and wholesale markets. Organizational policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four types: existing sales channel management, education, preventing free riding, and enlarging members. Cooperative project policies in agricultural cooperatives are classified into four policy areas: cooperation between cooperatives, community contribution, joint businesses, and government links. In this paper, the growth priority in agricultural cooperative policies is analyzed by applying policy evaluation criteria on the basis of a survey on expertise. The priorities of the policy program are also analyzed using a decision analytic hierarchy process. The results indicate that market expansion is the most important policy evaluation criterion therefore, improving direct transactions, school meals, management of existing sales channels, and shopping malls are crucial policy measures. In contrast, the cooperation of cooperatives, expansion of union members, and cooperation with the government were found to have low priority. Conclusions - Agricultural cooperatives should develop plans as follows. Small agricultural cooperatives need to secure school meals and direct transactions for market expansion, restructure marketing strategies to manage existing sales channels, and, finally, increase education and training for sustainable organizational development. This study has the following limitations. Because the subject of the investigation is a new cooperative, determining its sustainable growth is difficult. Therefore, through analysis and a continuous study of cooperatives, future research is expected to show that modifying the direction of agriculture cooperatives is necessary.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

Purpose - Entrepreneurship promotion is emerging as an important economic growth agenda. However, in Korea, entrepreneurship has weakened because of the collapse of the venture bubbles of the 2000s and the global economic recession in 2008, which have induced the business community to choose stability over risk. The Korean government has been implementing several support projects to inspire and promote youth entrepreneurship through various means including financial assistance; however, the perpetuation rate of young entrepreneurship is still low as compared to advanced economies such as the US and EU. This case study focuses on the Youth Start-Up Business Support Program of the Small & Medium Business Corporation, and explores practical alternatives. Further, it aims to suggest managerial factors and a conceptual model for change management factors affecting the business performance creation of a startup company, based on the Small and medium Business Corporation's young venture startup fund. Research design, data, and methodology - Many studies examine the current progress and issues of startup firms, for example, a lack of systematic cultivation of entrepreneurship and startup business training, lack of commercialization funding for youth startup businesses, lack of mentoring, and inadequate infrastructure. From prior research, we address four factors, namely, personal managerial capabilities, innovative business model, sufficient cash flow, and social network, affecting startup companies' business performance. This study involved a sample survey of 200 young entrepreneurs to investigate casual relations between the four factors and business performance. A regression analysis was used to verify the hypotheses. Results - First, in relation to differences in the founder's personal characteristics, age, sales amount, and number of employees significantly impact business performance. Second, regarding the causal relation between the four factors for creating business performance, an innovative business model and social networking have supported the hypotheses, revealing that the more that a start-up founder has an innovative business model and social networking, the more the start-up firms are likely to have better performance (e.g., sales volume, employment, ROE, ROI, etc.). Although the founder's competency and sufficient cash flow have no significant relationship with business performance, the mean value was higher performance for high founder's competency and sufficient cash flow. Conclusions - This study provides basic data on policy support strategies of the Small and Medium Business Corporation, to help young entrepreneurs achieve their start-up business goals. It shows that young entrepreneurship startup firms should strive to explore ideas to satisfy customers' needs, and that changes in customer value and the continuous innovation of business model differentiation are required to actively respond to change management. Moreover, at the infant startup stage, they should activate social network programs to share information, thereby offsetting resource scarcity and managing business risk. Further, the establishment of a long-term vision and the implementation of training programs in related specific fields should be supported to strengthen founders' personal capabilities.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.599-607
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• 1986

Acute toxicity of crude oil (WSF) on the mortality and respiration rates of Neomysis awatschensis was examined. This experiment was conducted by static and short-term bioassay procedure. In lethal test, the test animals were exposured to 8 different concentrations to determine $LC_{50}$ value (median lethal concentration). The concentrations of total hydrocarbon of 96-hr $LC_{50}$ value at $14^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ were 1.01 ppm and 0.78 ppm, respectively. $LT_{50}$ (the median lethal time) also was determined. The $LT_{50}$ of 0.56 ppm was found within 100 hours, while the $LT_{50}$ of 5.6 ppm was 21 hours at $14^{\circ}C$. At $20^{\circ}C$, the $LT_{50}$ values of 0.56 ppm and 5.60 ppm were 95 hours and 17 hours, respectively. There was little difference between two temperature experiments. The effect of WSF on respiration rate was more sensitive than that on mortality, but no considerable difference was shown between different concentrations in this experiment. The results of these experiments indicated that relatively low concentration of dissolved crude oil fraction can impact on small crustacean in the marine ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2015

We studied the genetic impact of natural regeneration practices, such as Single seed tree, Group seed tree, Patch clear cutting and Alternate strip clear cutting systems, by comparing the nuclear microsatellite(nSSR) variation of post-practice natural regeneration one-year old seedlings of Pinus densiflora to that of pre-practice mature trees. The levels of genetic diversity of seedlings (A=13.6, $A_e$=4.3, $H_o$=0.571, $H_e$=0.597) were similar to those of mature trees (A=13.4, $A_e$=4.3, $H_o$=0.596, $H_e$=0.598) and the differences in the level of genetic diversity between seedlings and mature trees for each of the practices were not statistically significant. The degree of genetic differentiation between seedlings and mature trees was very low ($F_{ST}$=0.002) and the pairwise $F_{ST}$ values between seedlings and mature trees for all practices were less than 0.01. Overall, the natural regeneration practices appeared to have only minor impacts on the genetic diversity and the genetic composition in the studied P. densiflora stands. For a better understanding of the genetic effects of natural regeneration practices, subsequent studies such as temporal genetic variation of seedlings formed by crossing among post-practice mature trees should be considered.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-101
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore and propose policy alternatives by examining students' educational experiences at Chungbuk National University (CBNU). Some of the outstanding research findings of the study as follows. Students at CBNU think that they are capable of team-working and utilizing internet while less so with foreign language skill. With regard to academic achievement, students responded that they have seen a relatively low outcome in foreign language competency. In terms of their job placement, CBNU students highly recognize their logical thinking skill, creativity, and activity, whereas lower satisfaction with social service, study abroad, and internship experience. For further development of the survey analysis, this study suggests additional items included to make a sophisticated analysis possible such as scholarship, part-time job, educational outcome. This is expected to allow researchers to tab into the effect of finance of CBNU students. More detailed information on students' characteristics also need to be added; collaborative learning, student faculty interaction, co-work with students from diverse background, etc., which would allow the analysis of the impact of extra-curricula activities.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 1993

A radiative transfer model with two-stream/delta-Eddington approximation has been developed to calculate the vertical distributions of atmospheric heating rates and radiative fluxes. The performance of the model has been evaluated by comparison with the results of ICRCCM (Intercomparison of radiative codes in climate models). It has been demonstrated that the presented model has a capability to calculate the solar radiation not only accurately but also economically. The characteristics of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-320nm) are examined by comparison of relation between the flux at the top of atmosphere and that at the surface. The relation of UV-B is quadratic due to the strong ozone absorption in this band. Also, the dependence of the UV-B radiation on the stratospheric ozone depletion and stratospheric aerosol haze due to volcanic eruption on the stratospheric ozone depletion and stratospheric aerosol haze due to volcanic eruption has been tested with various solar zenith angles. The surface UV-B increases as the solar zenith angle increases. The existence of stratospheric aerosols causes an increase in the planetary albedo due to the aerosols' backscattering. The planetary albedo with aerosol's effect has been increases as the solar zenith angle is not sensitive. It may be caused by the fact that the aerosols' scattering effect becomes saturated with the relatively long path length in a large solar zenith angle. Finally, the regional impact of stratospheric aerosols due to volcanic eruption on the intensity of UV-B radiation at the surface has been estimated. A direct effect is that the flux is diminished at the low latitudes, while it is enhanced in the high latitudes by the aerosols' photon trap or twilight effect. In the high latitudes, both aerosols' scattering and ozone absorption have strong and opposite impacts to the surface UV-B radiation is located at the mid-latitudes during spring season in both hemispheres.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.217-224
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to discuss implications for government policy aimed at increasing public's intention to accept AI. Knowledge regarding AI and feelings regarding AI were found to influence acceptance to intention towards AI. Hierarchical regression analysis was then conducted to explore the moderation effect of confidence in government on knowledge and feelings regarding AI. Results showed that as advanced knowledge regarding AI has a positive influence on acceptance intention towards AI and negative feelings regarding AI has a negative influence on acceptance intention towards AI. Feelings regarding AI had the highest impact on acceptance intention towards AI, followed by confidence in government and knowledge regarding AI. Results also revealed that a high level of confidence in government regulations was associated with greater acceptance intention towards AI and a low level of confidence in government regulations acceptance intention towards AI was more influenced by feelings regarding AI than by knowledge regarding AI. Furthermore, religion had a significant influence on acceptance intention towards AI, which provides one insightful direction for future research.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.261-274
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• 2006

Airline business operates in the 21st century within fast changing market environment and fierce competition. Management of airline companies has faced the need for vast adaptation to new trends in the growth of world economy that are cardinal changes in marketing environment due to quick development of Internet and IT, transport price competition and, as a consequence, low profit margin, diversified customer wants and needs, lack of investment needed for new aircraft equipped with the latest high tech innovations, unpredictable oil price changes, and exchange rate fluctuations. This study is aimed to evaluate the quality performance of cabin service, to analyse, further, the issues that appeared to be the most significant among customers' answers to questionnaire, to explore the relationships between these issues and customer satisfaction, to highlight the essential questions to address, and to provide some practical suggestions. The five dimensions (such as tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) were adopted to examine the relationship between the service quality and customer satisfaction of Mongolian and non-Mongolian passengers travelling by the MIAT. According to findings of analysis made with use of the SERVPERF model, it can be concluded that Mongolian travellers' satisfaction was effected by 'Tangible' and 'Responsiveness' dimensions of service quality, whereas the 'Empathy' dimension has more impact on the satisfaction of non-Mongolian.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.345-353
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• 2003

When designing network processors or implementing network equipments such as routers are implemented, IP lookup operations cause the major impact on their performance. As the organization of the IP address becomes simpler, the speed of the IP lookup operations can go faster. However, since the efficient management of IP address is inevitable due to the increasing number of network users, the address organization should become more complex. Therefore, for both IPv4(IP version 4) and IPv6(IP version 6), it is the essential fact that IP lookup operations are difficult and tedious. Lots of researcher for improving the performance of IP lookups have been presented, but the good solution has not been came out. Software approach alleviates the memory usage, but at the same time it si slow in terms of searching speed when performing an IP lookup. Hardware approach, on the other hand, is fast, however, it has disadvantages of producing hardware overheads and high memory usage. In this paper, conventional researches on IP lookups are shown and their advantages and disadvantages are explained. In addition, by mixing two representative structures, a new hybrid parallel architecture for fast IP lookups is proposed. The performance evaluation result shows that the proposed architecture provides better performance and lesser memory usage.