• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2005

소나무잔나비버섯의 자실체 형성에 있어서 일광의 영향은 빛의 파장이 골고루 함유된 자연광이 가장 좋았다. $CO_2$ 농도는 0.2% 이상에서 자실체 형성에 영향을 미치기 시작하여 2% 이상에서는 자실체 형성이 되지 못한다. 온도의 영향은 $26^{\circ}C{\pm}2$에서 $15^{\circ}C$ 전후에서 자실체 형성을 촉진한다. 소나무잔나비버섯의 원목 길이가 120cm이고 직경이 6cm일 때 구멍수가 27개가 되며 10ccm일 때 45개, 20cm일 때 90개가 된다. 수확한 자실체를 72시간 동안 햇볕에 건조할 때 자실체 색깔이 생체와 비슷한 색택을 유지하여 가장 좋았다. 소나무잔나비버섯의 재배중 발생하는 병충해는 T. viridae외 6가지 곰팡이와 1종의 세균 Psedomonas sp., 원목 주위에 흰개미, 버섯파리, 딱정벌레류가 발견되었다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2003

This study is conducted to examine the woods that were excavated at Jangdo Island. The Jangdo site is located in a small island some 180 meters away from the main island of Wando, Jeollanam-do in southern Korea. This site is known as Cheong-Hea Jin fort for the marine King Jang Bogo during the early 9$^{th}$ century. Total of 101 specimens were collected in three groups； small-size piles, log fences (Mok-check) and logs from a well. The species of the group of piles consisted of Quercus spp. (43%), Pinus densiflora (29%), Pinus koraiensis (5%), Alnus japonica (3%), Fraxinus spp. (3%), Styrax obassia (3%), Juglans spp. (2%), Zelkova serrata (2%), Platycarya strobilacea (2%), Celtis spp. (2%), Torreya nucifera (2%), Quercus myrsinaefolia (2%), and Cinnamomum spp. (2%). The species of Mok-check and logs from the well were identified as all Pinus densiflora. The species composition indicated that the climate around A. D. 9th-10th century in southern Korea was similar to the present.. The wooden fences were also examined for tree-ring analysis. The ages of woods were 50∼60 years. We made two site chronologies. The chronologies indicated that southeastern and southwestern fences were repaired frequently. The results could not give the absolute dates due to lack of reference chronologies in this period.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1996

This paper deals with the restoration of ancient wooden bridge foundation which excavated in Seta river Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Shiga Archeological Research started a marine archeological investigation of the bridge foundation in 1987. The bridge foundation stricture excavated and have since then recovered about a lots of woods and another materials. The bridge foundation structure constructed log, timbers and stones. The species of those waterlogged wood were identified as two types, hardwood and softwood. Hardwood(log : Cyclobalanopsis) was used for below foundation and softwood (timber' Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl. Cupreessaceae) was used for base structure. One of those timber sample dated by dendrochronology, we asked Dr. Misutani*. The softwood gave a felling date of 567 A.D. In result, the ancient Seta bridge foundation structure had constructed between Asuka and Nara period. We healed the news that ancient bridge foundation excavated at Woljyongyo site in Kyongju, Korea 1987. The bridge foundation Setakarahashi is similar in plane and structure to Woljyongyo structures. The Woljyongyo site report had be of value for reference. We had planning to restore those woods. Hardwood log was got serious damage. The water content varies from 400 to $600\%$. The other timbers water content varies about $200\%$. In the Shiga Center for Archaeological Operations and the Azuchi Castle Archaeological Museum, we set up the PEG impregnation tank. Those wooden objects treated by PEG method. PEG with a molecular weight of 4000. The treatment results may be considered satisfactory. The ancient wooden Seta bridge was reconstructed in Biwako Museum which established in Oct. 1996. We must take care of indoor exhibition environments. (*Nara National Cultual Properties Research Institute).

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2002

This study was carried out to develop colored-wood furniture using veneer, small-round log and fiberboard to protect forest resources through the study of minimalism. which advocates the environmental issue inherent to contemporary furniture in the postmodern era. Based on the historical and theoretical context of minimalism closely related to the environmental protection, this study suggested the technical way how to produce the environment-friendly furniture with the least use of valuable and natural log. Finally, the color-wooden furniture was developed based on the asceticism, simplification, and repetition of the minimalism in a trend of contemporary furniture design. By soaking a veneer, Psuedotsuga menziesii and small-round log, Pinus densiflora into a very-diluted organic dye, the environment-friendly and colored-wood furniture could be created in harmony with contemporary interior space, which has showed various colors such as yellow, blue, red, and green with a pastel tone. The spring wood of the colored softwood was deeply stained, while the summer wood was lightly done. By utilizing such valueless used woods which have been little in furniture production, it was possible to decrease the consumption of precious raw log such as zelkova, ebony, rose, maple, cherry, mahogany and so on. Thus, it became obvious to be able for contemporary furniture designers to produce beautiful furniture with dyed fiberboard and small-round logs pregnant with minimalism.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권1호통권129호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2005

표고버섯 폐골목의 대체에너지 자원으로서의 가능성을 살펴보기 위하여 폐골목을 사용연수별로 구분하고 동일 수종의 정상재와 함께 화학적, 물리적 성상을 비교, 조사하였다. 또한 폐골목에 잔존하는 효소에 의한 전처리 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 기존의 전처리 방법인 폭쇄처리법과 비교하였다. 사용연수에 따른 화학적 성상의 변화는 회분, 수용성 추출물, alkali 추출물, 유기용매 추출물 함량 모두 뚜렷한 경향을 나타내진 않았지만 균주를 접종한 직후 폐골목에서 정상재보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. Holocellulose 함량은 큰 폭으로 감소하였고 다른 주성분인 lignin 함량은 균주 접종 전후에 큰 변화를 보여주지 않았지만 cellulose 함량이 큰 폭으로 감소한 것을 고려하면 균주에 의해 상당량의 lignin 분해가 진행되었다. 부후정도는 균주 접종 후 점차 증가하는 모습을 보였지만, 결정화도는 급격히 감소하였다. 폭쇄처리에 의한 화학적, 물리적 성상의 변화로서 수용성 추출물, alkali 추출물, 유기용매 추출물 함량은 큰 폭으로 증가하였고, holocellulose 함량도 소폭 상승하였지만 lignin 함량은 특별한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 그러나 다른 추출물의 함량이 급격히 증가한 것을 고려하면 holocellulose와 lignin 모두 감소하였다고 생각된다. 폭쇄처리에 의한 결정화도의 감소는 균주 접종 후의 감소폭과 비슷한 결과를 나타내었고, 인위적으로 부후시킨 재료에 대한 lignin 함량은 폐골목의 함량보다 감소하여 잔존 효소에 의한 전처리 가능성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 폐골목은 대체에너지 자원으로서 충분한 가능성을 갖고 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1962

Hysteresis Loops explaining relationship between E.M.C. and relative humidities of some commercial woods grown in Korea which have not been inspected were studied. Because of Hysteresis Loops are differently constructed among species, the loop of each species is necessary to plot in order to apply for seasoning of wood directly. Therefore relationship between E.M.C. and relative humidities, and Hysteresis Loops were inspected and compaired between species. Small sized ($3{\times}3{\times}1.3cm$) twenty pieces of wood blocks for each species were taken from log which cut few years ago and already attained air dry condition. Five relative humidity conditions (9, 32, 58, 82 and 91%) were controlled to keep constant in the cabinet under temperature $25^{\circ}C$. According to the results, it is concluded that there are considerable differences on the E.M.C. among two types of sorption, eight species and five different relative humidity conditions. Adsorption and desorption curves are showing characteristic Sigmeid Curves and desorption curves always are on the adsorption curves at all compaired species. Average hysteresis ratio is 0.75, the constructed loops of tested species are showing open hysteresis generally and flatten loop constructions of Qnerets aemitissima and Robinia pseudoaeaeia of hard wood species than other soft wood are considered to be established by differences of stability between hard and soft wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.416-429
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• 2021

Raru is a lesser-known plant species originating from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Information on the characteristics is still limited, especially its chemical component. Therefore, this study aims to examine the chemical composition information of Cotylelobium lanceolatum, Cotylelobium melanoxylon, and Vatica pauciflora woods based on their axial log positions (bottom, middle, and top). The wood chemical analysis was performed in terms of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) method. Furthermore, the analysis measured holocellulose, 𝛼-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content, alcohol benzene extractive content, the extractive substance in hot and water, and solubility in NaOH 1%. The results indicated that the species and their log axial positions affected different chemical components, which included 𝛼-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of C. lanceolatum amounting to 41.88%, 19.39%, and 28.68% respectively. Meanwhile, for C. Melanoxylon, they were 42.01%, 21.11%, and 24.76% respectively; and for V. pauciflora wood, they were 42.95%, 23.24%, and 30.11% respectively. The average values of the extractive contents including the solubility in 1: 2 ethanol benzene, NaOH, and hot water for C. lanceolatum, C. melanoxylon, and V. pauciflora wood were (10.58%, 27.62%, 8.13%), (14.54%, 28.22%, 7.82%), and (10.95%, 28.60%, 7.57%) respectively. The wood species had a significant effect on chemical components including lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, and extractive solubility in cold water. Furthermore, the axial log position had a significant effect on all the parameters of the chemical composition of the wood being tested.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2003

간벌이 국산 잣나무 조림목의 용재품질에 미치는 영향을 구명함으로써 잣나무 인공조림목의 양질재 생산과 효율적 이용을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행된 본 연구에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 강도의 간벌을 실시한 곳에서는 원목의 단위 m당 표면옹이 출현수가 감소하였고, 죽은 옹이의 비율도 감소하였으나 옹이의 크기는 커졌으며, 옹이의 상향각은 죽은옹이가 산옹이보다 컸다. 굽은 원목은 간벌을 하지 않은 곳보다 강도간벌을 실시한 곳에서 적게 출현하였고, 원주형질률은 강도간벌을 실시한 곳에서 높게 나타났으며 지상고 3.2 m 이하 부위의 원목에서 더욱 향상되었다. 무결점재면률은 무간벌구에 비해 강도간벌구에서 향상되었으며, 원목품등은 간벌을 강하게 실시한 경우일수록 높게 나타났다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2010

꽃송이버섯은 다른 버섯에 비해 1.3-${\beta}$-Dglucan 함량이 높은 식용버섯이다. 이 버섯은 면역, 항암효과가 높은 버섯이며, 일본과 한국에서 최근 재배방법이 개발되었다. 하지만 재배방법이 대부분 특허 출원되어있는 실정이다. 그리고 꽃송이버섯의 재배방법이 확립되어있지 않다. 본 연구는 꽃송이버섯의 봉지 단목 재배방법개발하기위해 균사배양 및 원기형성 조건을 조사하였다. 단목 재배에 사용한 수종으로는 낙엽송, 해송, 리기다소나무, 상수리나무 단목을 사용하였고, 리기다소나무 단목에서 자실체 수량이 가장 양호하였다. 그리고 리기다소나무 단목을 생이스트 5%에 8시간 동안 침지하고 생육조건은 온도 및 습도를 각각 90~95%, $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$처리에서 자실체발생이 가장 양호하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2000

Biological control of blue stain fungi, such as Ophiostoma and Leptographium spp., that reduce the quality of logs and cause economic losses in wood product industry, was carried out in laboratory and field trials by a colorless strain of Ophiostoma quercus, BSFcs-1. Inoculation of pine wood chips with the colorless strain 1 wk before inoculating wild-type strain demonstrated that BSFcs-1 colonized wood chips and excluded blue stain fungi from being established. Efficacy of BSFcs-1 was compared with colorless strain of O. piliferum, which is commercially available under the trade name of Cartapip. Inoculation of pine wood logs with the colorless strain 1 wk before inoculating wild-type strain of blue stain in isolated wood chips, while O. quercus and O. floccosum colonized 0% and 17%, respectively. Simultaneous inoculation of logs with the colorless and wild-type strains resulted in decreased colonization (28%) by BSFcs-1, but increased colonization by O. quercus (185) and O. floccosum (29%). On the other hand, BSFcs-1 and wild-type strain alone colonized 75% and 71%, respectively. Treatment of the surface of log ends with mycelial suspension of BSFcs-1 after cutting also showed good control of blue stain fungi in a pine forest stands.