• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2020

This paper presents two sets of full three-dimensional thermoelastic finite element analyses of superimposed thermo-mechanically loaded Spar Wingskin Joints made with laminated Graphite Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites. The study emphasizes the influence of residual thermal stresses and material anisotropy on the inter-laminar delamination behavior of the joint structure. The delamination has been pre-embedded at the most likely location, i.e., in resin layer between the top and next ply of the fiber reinforced plastic laminated wingskin and near the spar overlap end. Multi-Point Constraint finite elements have been made use of at the vicinity of the delamination fronts. This helps in simulating the growth of the embedded delamination at both ends. The inter-laminar thermoelastic peel and shear stresses responsible for causing delamination damage due to a combined thermal and a static loading have been evaluated. Strain energy release rate components corresponding to the Mode I (opening), Mode II (sliding) and Mode III (tearing) of delamination are determined using the principle of Virtual Crack Closure Technique. These are seen to be different and non-self-similar at the two fronts of the embedded delamination. Residual stresses developed due to the thermoelastic anisotropy of the laminae are found to strongly influence the delamination onset and propagation characteristics, which have been reflected by the asymmetries in the nature of energy release rate plots and their significant variation along the delamination front.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Maritime industry is recognized as a new value-adding and growth engine industry. It provides high value by creating clusters centering on ports. Advanced international ports are also clashing ahead to create clusters, boost profits, and strengthen competitiveness. The Korean government enacted policies for the establishment and upbringing of maritime industrial clusters in 2015. It is very important to understand which maritime industry has a comparative advantage in each region and to establish an integration strategy through maritime industrial clusters. This study analyzes the structure of the maritime industry in the Chungnam province, which is expected to deal with raw materials(mainly oil products), container throughput, and opening of ferry route with China's port. The study analyzed the existing literature on the maritime industry and classified the industry into 5 major categories, 21 sub-categories, and 84 sub-categories in shipping and logistics, shipbuilding, fishery, marine tourism industry, and other industries. Based on the reclassified maritime industry, the structure of the maritime industry in the Chungnam province was analyzed by using location quotient(LQ) and Shift-Share analysis. The study found that the fisheries industry showed the highest value(1.718) in the analysis of LQ, followed by the marine tourism industry(1.092), shipbuilding industry(0.823) and shipping and logistics industry(0.789). The total effect of the maritime industry in Chungnam province was 36,315 and the net growth effect, excluding the national growth effect, was estimated to be 21,321. Based on these results, we classify the maritime industry in the Chungnam province as comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage. The results of this study can be used as basic data for formulating strategies for the construction of the maritime industry cluster in the Chungnam province in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.235-250
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• 1990

Thirty-nine patients (forty-four joints) who had been diagnosed as having meniscus perforation of the temporomandibular joint by inferior joint space arthrography and had been treated by surgical procedures were evaluated retrospectively. Information of clinical findings, arthrotomographic findings and surgical findings was collected on a standardized form and evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. On the 34 patients of 38 joints which were surgically confirmed perforation of meniscus or its attachments of the temporomandibular joint, there were 29 females and 5 males (5.8:1). The average age was 36 years (range 17 to 70). 2. The common clinical findings of group that had meniscus displacement without reduction and with perforation were pain on the affected joint and limitation of mouth opening. In the group showing meniscus displacement with reduction and with perforation the common clinical findings were pain and clicking on the affected joint. 3. 32 joints (84.2%) were arthrotomographically anterior meniscus displacement without reduction and with perforation, 6 joints (15.8%) showed anterior meniscus displacement with reduction and with perforation. 4. Joints categorized arthrotomographically as having meniscus displacement without reduction and with perforation were less likely to have full translation of the condyle in comparison with the normal or meniscus displacement with reduction and with perforation groups. (p<0.05) 5.The arthrographic findings of 44 joints having meniscus perforation were compared with surgical findings, there were 6 false positive findings of meniscus perforation, the reliability of arthrographic findings of meniscus perforation was a 86.4% correlation with surgical findings. 6. On the site of perforations of 38 joints which were surgically confirmed perforation of meniscus or its attachments, twenty-three of perforations (60.5%) were in location at the junction of the meniscus and posterior attachment, forteen (36.9%) were located at the posterior attachment and one (2.6%) was at the meniscus itself.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2023

Any pre-existed delamination defect present during manufacturing or induce during service loading conditions in the wingskin adherend invariably shows a greater loss of structural integrity of the spar wingskin joint (SWJ). In the present study, inter-laminar delamination propagation at the critical location of the SWJ has been carried out using contact and multi-point constraint finite elements available with commercial FE software (ANSYS APDL). Strain energy release rates (SERR) based on virtual crack closure technique have been computed for evaluation of the opening (Mode-I), sliding (Mode-II) and cross sliding (Mode-III) modes of delamination by sequential release of multi point constraint elements. The variations of different modes of SERR are observed to be significant by considering varied delamination lengths, material properties of adherends and radius of curvature of the SWJ panel. The SERR rates are seen to be much different at the two pre-embedded delamination ends. This shows dissimilar delamination propagation rates. The maximum is seen to occur in the delamination front in the unstiffened region of the wingskin. The curvature geometry and material anisotropy of SWJ adherends significantly influences the SERR values. Increase in the SERR values are observed with decrease in the radius of curvature of wingskin panel, keeping its width unchanged. SWJs made with flat FRP composite adherends have superior resistance to delamination damage propagation than curved composite laminated SWJ panels. SWJ made with Boron/Epoxy (B/E) material shows greater resistance to the delamination propagation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.635-640
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• 2009

After 1960s, in accordance with getting bigger in changing range of annual rain precipitation, those dams were built in order to prevent any drought and flood through the regulation of flux. In case of such dam, when it reaches to some definite pondage, for its regulation of water volume, numerous volume of water in the reservoir should be discharged by opening the floodgate, at this time a severe damage can be occurred to those lives and properties of the residents and tourists at the river or riverside. Accordingly, despite the sounding alarm broadcasting for prevention and notice such damage could be clearly travelled to those people without influence by the discharging noise or other neighboring environmental factor, since it was only empirically installed without any peculiar research until now, the alarm broadcasting could not effectively travel, and the travelling distance also could not known correctly. On such point of view, this Study has ever grasped the characteristics by frequencies and its sound pressure level about the discharge noise and the alarm broadcasting of Daechung Dam, one of multipurpose dams through the measurement and analysis by distances, and based on this, also has ever presupposed the proper location of additional alarm broadcasting spot using a simulation program named Cadna-A.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.803-811
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• 2012

Oriental Medicine always attach great importance to the damp diseases. Dampness is related with many organs and many clinical diseases. The cause and the location of the damp disease, nature of the symptoms, combination with other pathogenic factors are very diverse. This article analyzed the concept, cause of disease, pathogenesis, characteristic of symptoms, treatment method and prescriptions of Epidemic Warm Diseases of dampness syndrome and cases of dampness-heat diseases based on the theories of Epidemic Warm Diseases and found that theories of Epidemic Warm Diseases have very wide area of application. Dampness is classified into cold-dampness and dampness-heat by combination of heat or cold. The dampness syndrome is related with organs such as lung, spleen, kidney, triple energizers and bladder, and affects liver and heart. The basic treatment methods are dispelling dampness turbidity and diffusing qi movement. The detail treatment methods are spreading lung qi with lightness and resolving dampness and excreting turbidity in upper energizer, opening and dipping down with pungent-bitter and diffusing qi movement and strengthening the spleen and stomach in the middle energizer, draining dampness with bland in the lower energizer. Warming Yang is the main method of treatment for cold-dampness and clearing heat is for dampness-heat with the assistant methods such as resolving dampness and promoting the flow of qi. 5. Acute fever, virus diseases, epidemic diseases among modern diseases are much related with the dampness-heat syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the effect of Jubak(Sulchigegie) on the physicochemical properties of pork. A pork was cooked in a pot opening the lid with the Jubak for 20 min and then covering the lid without Jubak for 20 min at $100^{\circ}C$. Effect of the added amounts of Jubak on the pork was examined by principal component analysis and electronic nose consisting of six metal oxide sensors. As a pork was cooked with 30g Jubak, ratio of resistance was increased. This condition removed unpleasant smell of pork. Effect of the pork with Jubak is better the end location than middle of pork. Also, first principal component score increased as the pork cooking time was increased. In the texture properties, hardness, chewiness, gumminess, and springness of the pork with 30g Jubak were significantly lower than others processed in this study. With sensory evaluation, the pork with 30g Jubak obtained the best score in taste, texture and overall acceptability. It could be concluded that the pork(400g) with 30g Jubak reduces the pork odor, increase the tenderness and improve the flavor and taste of pork.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

This study is aimed to clarify the transitional characteristics of old roads and alleys lasting more than 100 years(1915-2015) in traditional urban area(Seongan-dong) of cheongju, historic inland and castle city of Korea. Cheongju castle had been completely destroyed In 1915, and urban structures been also altered last 100 years from 2015 now. Periodically, after destruction of castle, existing roads were extended and transformed to straight line for connecting with around. Expanding urban area to all directions of castle boundary in 1930-40s, town planning were created. These projects were completed in 1960-70s, the street network was built as they are. Since the 1980s, changes had been occurred in the details such as an extension of the unexecuted roads, the opening of fire lane in a block, and etc. In change and construction of roads, urban district plan in 1939 and reorganization since 1967 were planned and established with the type, location, and width of the large, medium and small roads based on data before destruction of castle. Except the width of 25m Sajikro(large3-1) and Sangdangro(large3-8,9,10), the width of 15m Namsaro(medium2-1) and Namjuro (medium2-4) as an extension of the roads, the other roads were small roads equivalent to the existing roads, and so remain intact figure of streetscape. As such, roads of east-west and north-south cross type, roads showing the outline of Cheongju castle fortress, and alleys outside the south gate are sustained in Seongan-dong of cheongju as historic urban area, and also present roads are delicately executed to the existing urban fabric.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2014

Though the Platform Screen Door System (PSD) has received a positive evaluation and is installed in all the Urban Railroad platforms, PSD is not installed in the Intercity Railroad platforms. The limitation of PSD in the Intercity Railroad platforms is due to the fact that first, various types of trains such as KTX, Saemaeul, Mugunghwa, and Nuriro stop at the platforms and their locations of the doors are different and secondly, they are not operated under ATO (automatic train operation). RPSD system currently under research and development, on the other hand, is based on the improved door that slides up and down and can be installed in any Intercity Railroad platform regardless of the length of the train, the location of doors, and the number of doors. This study considers the mechanism of RPSD, develops a manual open/close algorithm, and evaluates the function of RPSD. The results show that the manual open/close algorithm achieves a significant improvement in efficiency when provided with power supply.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.561-578
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• 2012

This study was performed in order to compare a change in pharmaceutical expenditures per outpatient of clinic and to analyze factors relevant to a systems as part of evaluating policies for the incentive scheme to reduce total prescribed drug expenditure and for the drug utilization review system("DUR system" hereafter). For this, it had finally analytical subjects as 21,320 clinics nationwide without a change in location, clinics symbol and signed subject during both terms of the first half of 2010 and the first half of 2011. As a result, the odds ratio with reduction in pharmaceutical expenditures of clinic was statistically higher significantly in the shorter year number of opening clinic, in the larger number of doctors, when the classification of establishment is other, not individual, and when the signed subject is surgical division. Also, the odds ratio was significantly higher in the less patient number of clinic and in the lower ratio of patients aged over 65. Finally, the odds ratio was significantly high when a clinic had been located in DUR system demonstrative project area. Through this, a case of policy for improvement in doctor's autonomous prescription behavior like DUR system can be known to be effective for reduction in pharmaceutical expenditures. A future research on evaluation of policy for pharmaceutical expenditure management system will need to be performed in-depth analysis in consideration of diverse characteristics on the participatory entities.