• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2016

Two unrecorded naturalized species, Stachys agraria Schltdl. & Cham. and Dracocephalum moldavica L (Lamiaceae), are newly reported in Korea. Stachys agraria and D. moldavica were found at Seogwipo-si on Jeju-do and at ChunChen-si in Gangwondo in Korea, respectively. Stachys agraria is distinguished from other related Korean taxa by corolla of 2.4-5.2 mm long with six to twelve flowers in the node. Its local name is "Ae-gi-seok-jam-pul" based on shorter than longer corollar. Dracocephalum moldavica was distinguishable from other Dracocephalum in Korea by the following combination of characters, oblong to ovate-triangular ($1.7-2.4cm{\times}0.8-1.2cm$) leaves and rough crenate at the margin. This taxon is referred to as 'Hyang-yong-meo-ri' in Korean based on its fragrance. We provide a description, illustrations, photographs, and a key of related taxa in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.204-227
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• 2021

This paper proposed the validity and necessity of establishing the Jungwon Historical and Cultural Area by reviewing the historical characteristics of the name Jungwon and its temporal and spatial range. We also explored ways to utilize the Jungwon historical and cultural Area under the Special Act on the Maintenance of Historical and Cultural Areas. Jungwon, which means the center of the country, has strategic value as a key area connecting the Korean Peninsula to the north and south through the Geripryeong and Jukryeong. It also includes Chungju, which connects the Namhan and Bukhan Rivers . From the Mahan period, the areas of Cheongju and Jincheon, the Miho Stream basin to the west, and Chungju to the east were closely connected to each other. Afterwards, Baekje, Koguryo, and Silla engaged in a fierce battle to occupy the Jungwon area. Jungwon culture was born through the negotiation and fusion of the cultures of the three kingdoms. In particular, Silla continued to value the Jungwon area, demonstrated by the installation of Seowongyeong in Cheongju and Bukwongyeong in Wonju, centering on the Jungwongyeong. Since we have a historical view with a focus on ancient kingdoms, we have overlooked the full value of the history and culture of Jungwon. We need to recognize the importance of Jungwon area and think about how to utilize it. Therefore, we suggested in this paper that there be more public information services on the cultural heritage of Jungwon, the historical heritage experience, and the education programs for local residents. The development and operation of Jungwon's history, culture, and tourism contents, as well as the various academic research papers should be used to reveal the identity of the Jungwon historical and cultural area.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.421-440
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• 2010

This paper examines middle powers' ODA policy in the post cold war era and discusses its implication for Korean aid strategy. Middle powers' ODA has been more successful than that of super powers in promoting donors' positive images and in stimulating recipient countries' development. Middle powers tend to pursue multilateral solutions to international problems often by taking a mediator role, and their ODA policies set them apart from the great players in international politics. Middle powers' ODA is primarily aimed at reducing poverty and protecting human rights in least developed countries where humanitarian aid needs the most rather than promoting donors' interests. Also, middle powers have provided bilateral untied aid in the sectors of food aid and emergency relief and steadily devoted about 0.7% of their gross national income to ODA. Meanwhile, Korea as an emerging middle power and a new donor has been implementing its own aid strategy under the name of the Korean development model since the post cold war period. The Korean ODA was not successful in building donors' positive images by simply following the short term strategies of US and Japan. Yet, its ODA policy has been quite effective in sustaining local development by creating specific niches in which the country can specialize in. In specific, Korea has focused on developing the sectors of information and communication technology and industry energy in recipients' countries by maximizing its comparative advantage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.141-143
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• 2022

This paper presented a new technology to identify traffic violations of motorbike riders by detecting the traffic signal using You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection. The hardware module that is mounted on the front of the motorbike consists of Raspberry Pi with a camera to run the YOLO object detection, a GPS module to acquire the motorcycle's coordinate, and a LoRa communication module to send the data to a cloud DB. The main goal of the software is to determine whether a motorbike has violated a traffic signal. This paper proposes a function to recognize the red traffic signal colour with its movement inside the camera angle and determine that the traffic signal violation happens if the traffic signal is moving to the right direction (the rider turns left) or moving to the top direction (the riders goes straight). Furthermore, if a motorbike rider is violated the signal, the rider's personal information (name, mobile phone number, etc), the snapshot of the violation situation, rider's location, and date/time will be sent to a cloud DB. The violation information will be delivered to the driver's smartphone as a push notification and the local police station to be used for issuing violation tickets, which is expected to prevent motorbike riders from violating traffic signals.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.26
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• pp.215-253
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• 2016

In 2007, according to the records, I made an on-the-spot survey of the place where Doju Cho Jeongsan and his family might have lived in exile in Manchuria and released a paper in which I decided that the site could be the Shuidongchun (village) of Luotongshanzhen in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. Thereafter, sponsored by the Doju Cho Jeongsan's Memorial Project from 2008 to 2013, many times, I carried out the field investigations and researches on Liuhexian, including the visits of the institutions which have the historical documents, in order to find the data related to the participation of him and his family in the anti-Japanese movement. I was, hence, able to reconfirm that the village had been the place of their exile, based on my collected data and the oral reports which the local historians and ethnic Korean elders had provided. In this study, using the historical documents and maps and the oral materials, I made an attempt to prove the historical truth thoroughly once again. First, the existing sources of Doju Cho and his family's settling in Manchuria from March 1909 to 1917, were carefully analyzed which were described in The Jin-gyeong. In doing so, the misspelling of the names and the spatio-temporal errors of the people's activities were corrected. Next, I researched on another town, Shuitungou of Liuhexian in Fengtian Province (in West Gando of Manchuria), which it is known that Doju and his family stayed in, and the Laogushan (mountain), which it is believed that Doju cultivated himself in. Finally, through the attempt, I reached the conclusion that Doju and his family had settled at Shuidongchun (once called Shuidonggou or Shuitongchun) of Luotongshanzhen (once called Datonggou) in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. In the Liuhexian-related documents and maps published in the eras of Republican China and Manchuria, the place name called Shuitungou was not found. However, I discovered a map in the era of Republican China on which Shuitongchun was recorded as Shuidonggou. In addition, considering the administration system of Republic China, tun(屯) and gou(溝) could not be used together in the place names. Accordingly, Shuitungou was more likely misspelled as Korean people in those days mispronounced Shuidonggou. Furthermore, people in China has habitually called the Dagushan(大孤山), located in the north of Gushanzizhen of Liuhexian, as the Laogushan(老孤山). This means that the Korean people who lived in the area then perhaps recorded the mountain as the Nogosan(老姑山), the mountain of the old goddess, according to Korean enunciation, because they had the custom of worshipping the mountain goddess. I tried my best to find the historical documents regarding Doju and his family's anti-Japanese activities to prove the location of exile in which they settled in northeastern China (Manchuria). However, I was not able to reach the initial goal completely due to the shortage of objective evidences, only to leave tasks to be solved. I hope that this study can give a little help to researchers who are interested in this matter.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.40
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• pp.307-341
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• 2020

In the past, each villages of ULSAN had their own SUNGHWANGDANGs. Village folks held an annual ritual for a ghost called GOLMAEGI. That ritual, which was a form of festival supervised by the village community, was the opening of seasonal customs. People called the ritual JISINBOPKI. It was a type of NONGAK in which musicals and dramatic factors made a harmony. Usually its lyrics were called 'SUNGJUPURI'or 'JISINBOPKI' song. At that moment, villagers, thumping on the ground with their feet, danced 'DUTBEKI' to awake the sleeping ghost SUNGJUJISIN. After this ritual, the music band started to visit people's house after house around the town playing PUNGMUL NOLI which consisted of SOGO NORUM, JAPSACK NORUM. The whole proceeding of these performances did not have a definite name. Villagers prayed to SUNGJUJISIN for the prevention of bad luck in their home. This study have arranged the type of MAEGUCHIGI, which is a kind of wishing NONGAK, on the basis of two preceding primary documents. And the other is about JISINBOPKI of ULSAN district that was shown in ULSAN YUSA written by a local historian, KIM SUKBO, of ULSAN. The process of arrangement is as follows. At first, considering the implication of this NONGAK, the definite title of it was designated as ULSAN MAEGUCHIGI. And then, it was given its genre and type within NONGAK.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.471-485
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• 2023

Recently, due to the nature of blockchain that guarantees users' anonymity, more and more cases are being exploited for crimes such as illegal transactions. However, cryptocurrency is protected in cryptocurrency wallets, making it difficult to recover criminal funds. Therefore, this study acquires artifacts from the data and memory area of a local PC based on user behavior from four browser extension wallets (Metamask, Binance, Phantom, and Kaikas) to track and retrieve cryptocurrencies used in crime, and analyzes how to use them from a digital forensics perspective. As a result of the analysis, the type of wallet and cryptocurrency used by the suspect was confirmed through the API name obtained from the browser's cache data, and the URL and wallet address used for the remittance transaction were obtained. We also identified Client IDs that could identify devices used in cookie data, and confirmed that mnemonic code could be obtained from memory. Additionally, we propose an algorithm to measure the persistence of obtainable mnemonic code and automate acquisition.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.75-99
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• 2006

Inje University, a nonprofit-oriented educational institution, was ranked second in the nation and first in all the local universities in the 2001 Comprehensive Evaluation of the Universities in 25 years since it was founded. In order to find out the reason for this high reputation, we had an interview with the chairman and an in-depth interview with other school authorities, interviewed the students and the residents in the community, and collected related data for the second time. We revealed that Inje University had been performing public marketing in the areas of its management philosophy, function, form, and performance. Our interview with the chairman confirmed that Inje University's management philosophy is the frontier spirits that 'contribute to the moor, attracting nobody's attention, in the name of public interest.' It was also revealed that this management philosophy made the function of the university differ from that of the others. Inje University had been focusing on forming a public network for its community, the nation, and the world, not just for its students. Furthermore, we also found out that the university had its unique separate organizations to take care of this business. An excellent on-campus network for the student and the school, a network between off-campus industries, and an international Inje exchange network had been formed. We have concluded that Inje University is a strong nonprofit-oriented hidden champion. The healing art, easily ignored but essential to human beings, and its commitment to education with all its property invested have contributed to Inje University's social status, reputation, and achievements today.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.363-374
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• 2023

The limitation in deriving the species richness representing the entire country of South Korea lies in its relatively short history of species field observations and the scattered observation data, which has been collected by various organizations in different fields. In this study, a comprehensive compilation of the observation data for plants held by agencies under the Ministry of Environment was conducted, enabling the construction of a time series dataset spanning over 100 years. The data integration was carried out using minimal criteria such as species name, observed location, and time (year) followed by data verification and correction processes. Based on the integrated plant species data, the comprehensive collection of plant species in South Korea has occurred predominantly since 2000, and the number of plant species explored through these surveys appears to be converging recently. The collection of species survey data necessary for deriving national-level biodiversity information has recently begun to meet the necessary conditions. Applying the Chao 2 method, the species richness of indigenous plants estimated at 3,182.6 for the 70-year period since 1951. A minimum cumulative period of 7 years is required for this estimation. This plant species richness from this study can be a baseline to study future changes in species richness in South Korea. Moreover, the integrated data with the estimation method for species richness used in this study appears to be applicable to derive regional biodiversity indices such as for local government units as well.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.371-408
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• 1997

This article is the reserch on actual condition of crime of arson which occurs in Korea and its countermeasures. The the presented problem in this article are that (1) we have generally very low rate concern about the crime of arson contrary to realistic problems of rapid increase of crime of arson (2) as such criminal motives became so diverse as to the economic or criminal purpose unlike characteristic and mental deficiency of old days, and to countermeasure these problems effectively it presentation the necessity of systemantic research. Based on analysis of reality of arson, the tendency of this arson in Korea in the ratio of increase is said to be higher than those in violence crime or general fire rate. and further its rate is far more greater than those of the U.S.A. and Japan. Arson is considered to be a method of using fire as crime and in case of presently residence to be the abject, it is a public offense crime which aqccompany fatality in human life. This is the well It now fact to all of us. And further in order to presentation to the crime of arson, strictness of criminal law (criminal law No, 164 and 169, and fire protection law No. 110 and 111) and classification of arsonist as felony are institutionary reinforced to punish with certainty of possibility, Therefore, as tendency of arson has been increased compared to other nations, it is necessary to supplement strategical policy to bring out overall concerns of the seriousness of risk and damage of arson, which have been resulted from the lack of understanding. In characteristics analysis of crime of arson, (1) It is now reveald that, in the past such crime rate appeared far more within the boundary of town or city areas in the past, presently increased rate of arsons in rural areas are far more than in the town or small city areas, thereby showing characteristics of crime of arson extending nation wide. (2) general timetable of arson shows that night more than day time rate, and reveald that is trait behavior in secrecy.(3) arsonists are usually arrested at site or by victim or report of third person(82,9%).Investigation activities or self surrenders rate only 11.2%. The time span of arrest is normally the same day of arson and at times it takes more than one year to arrest. This reveals its necessity to prepare for long period of time for arrest, (4) age rate of arson is in their thirties mostly as compared to homicide, robbery and adultery, and considerable numbers of arsons are in old age of over fifties. It reveals age rate is increased (5) Over half of the arsonists are below the junior high school (6) the rate of convicts by thier records is based on first offenders primarily and secondly more than 4 time convicts. This apparently shows necessity of effective correctional education policy for their social assimilation together with re-investigation of human education at the primary and secondary education system in thier life. The examples of motivation for arosnits, such as personal animosity, fury, monetary swindle, luscious purpose and other aims of destroying of proof, and other social resistance, violence including ways of threatening, beside the motives of individual defects, are diverse and arsonic suicide and specifically suicidal accompany together keenly manifested. When we take this fact with the criminal theory, it really reveals arsons of crime are increasing and its casualities are serious and a point as a way of suicide is the anomie theory of Durkheim and comensurate with the theory of that of Merton, Specifically in the arson of industrial complex, it is revealed that one with revolutionary motive or revolting motive would do the arsonic act. For the policy of prevention of arsons, professional research work in organizational cooperation for preventive activities is conducted in municipal or city wise functions in the name of Parson Taskforces and beside a variety of research institutes in federal government have been operating effectively to countermeasure in many fields of research. Franch and Sweden beside the U.S. set up a overall operation of fire prevention research funtions and have obtained very successful result. Japan also put their research likewise for countermeasure. In this research as a way of preventive fire policy, first, it is necessary to accomodate the legal preventitive activities for fire prevention in judicial side and as an administrative side, (1) precise statistic management of crime of arson (2) establishment of professional research functions or a corporate (3) improvement of system for cooperative structural team for investigation of fires and menpower organization of professional members. Secondly, social mentality in individual prospect, recognition of fires by arson and youth education of such effect, educational program for development and practical promotion. Thirdly, in view of environmental side, the ways of actual performance by programming with the establishment of cooperative advancement in local social function elements with administrative office, habitants, school facilities and newspapers measures (2) establishment of personal protection where weak menpowers are displayed in special fire prevention measures. These measures are presented for prevention of crime of arson. The control of crime and prevention shall be prepared as a means of self defence by the principle of self responsibility Specifically arsonists usually aims at the comparatively weak control of fire prevention is prevalent and it is therefore necessary to prepare individual facilities with their spontaneous management of fire prevention instead of public municipal funtures of local geverment. As Clifford L. Karchmer asserted instead of concerns about who would commit arson, what portion of area would be the target of the arson. It is effective to minister spontaveously the fire prevention measure in his facility with the consideration of characteristics of arson. On the other hand, it is necessary for the concerned personnel of local goverment and groups to distribute to the local society in timely manner for new information about the fire prevention, thus contribute to effective result of fire prevention result. In consideration of these factors, it is inevitable to never let coincide with the phemonemon of arsons in similar or mimic features as recognized that these could prevail just an epedemic as a strong imitational attitude. In processing of policy to encounter these problems, it is necessary to place priority of city policy to enhancement of overall concerns toward the definitive essense of crime of arson.