• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.977-986
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the mechanical (texture and color) and sensory characteristics of mulberry leaf sulgi (MLS) and lotus leaf sulgi (LLS) that contained different ratios of ingredients. MLS and LLS with final concentrations of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of powdered mulberry and lotus leaf respectively, were prepared. The texture characteristics (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness), color values (lightness, redness, yellowness), and sensory characteristics (color, flavor, moistness, taste, brittleness, chewiness and after-taste) of the different sulgis were then measured and compared. With the exception of gumminess and chewiness, the texture characteristics of 0% MLS, 1% MLS and 3% MLS were not significantly different. The sensory characteristics of 0% MLS had the highest scores, whereas those of 5% MLS were the lowest for all factors except for brittleness. However, with the exception of chewiness, the scores obtained from 0% and 1 % MLS did not differ significantly. In addition, 1% MLS and 3% MLS were not significantly different from each other. Furthermore, the texture characteristics of 0% LLS and 1 % LLS were not different significantly, although the characteristics of 1% LLS were significantly different from those of 3% and 5% LLS when springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were considered. Additionally, the sensory characteristics of 0% LLS and 1% LLS were not significantly different, with the exception of brittleness, and the characteristics of 1% LLS and 3% LLS were not significantly different, with the exception of taste and after-taste.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

The effect of five plant population densities [5 (D$_1$), 10 (D$_2$), 20 (D$_3$), 30 (D$_4$), and 40 (D$_{5}$) plants/m$^2$] of four groundnut cultivars [ICGV 86699, ICG (FDRS) 10, ICGS 11 and TMV 2] and fungicide application (Kavach, chlorothalonil) to manage late leaf spot (LLS) and rust were studied in a field experiment during the 1995 and 1996 rainy seasons. LLS and rust severities were low in fungicide sprayed plots in all the cultivars irrespective of plant densities. Severities of LLS and rust, and percentage defoliation caused by LLS were significantly more in higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) than in lower plant densities (D$_1$, D$_2$, D$_3$) in fungicide sprayed and unsprayed plots in all the cultivars. All the cultivars gave significantly higher haulm and pod yields in fungicide sprayed plots than in unsprayed plots. Haulm and pod yields were significantly higher in higher plant densities than in lower plant densities. A combination of higher plant densities (D$_4$, D$_{5}$) and fungicide protection against LLS and rust gave maximum yield.yield.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

A complete understanding of the epidemiological factors required for optimum for disease development facilitates the design of effective and reliable screening techniques and also disease prediction models. An attempt was made to study the effects of different temperatures ($15-35^{\circ}C$) and leaf wetness periods (4-24 h) on the development of late leaf spot (LLS) in three groundnut genotypes differing in their susceptibility to LLS infection. Irrespective of the genotype, the disease progress evaluated based on different components of resistance was maximum between $15-20^{\circ}C$ and minimum between $20-25^{\circ}C$. At temperatures $\geq$$30^{\circ}C$, LLS development was insignificant. The overall severity of LLS increased with an increase in the leaf wetness period from 4 h to 12 h a day. Further increase of wetness period to 16 h resulted in a rapid increase in the severity. Thereafter, the disease severity gradually decreased with an increase in the wetness period. The effect of temperature and wetness periods on the individual component of disease quantification was not uniform compared between genotypes with different levels of susceptibility/resistance to LLS infection. The results of this study indicate that temperature and leaf wetness period are critical in late leaf spot screening programs since the expression of disease symptoms measured from disease initiation till defoliation, varied differently in the test genotypes with respect to change in these two parameters.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1992.07a
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• pp.78-80
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• 1992

The constructions of LLS System is proceeded in cooperation with Korean Meteorological Administration & Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute in Korea. The system is composed of 1 position Analyzer & 10 Direction Finders, and can covers the full area of Korea. We show the configuration of this network and display of data. Finally, we refer to the future research in related with this system in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of load and speed of treadmill exercise impact on muscle activity and muscle strength. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study was conducted for 12 female student from G University. Treadmill exercise was divided into four groups (ULS, LLS, UHS, LHS). Results: 1) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in ULS, UHS (p<0.05). 2) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in LLS, LHS (p<0.05). 3) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in ULS, LLS (p<0.05). 4) There was significant difference in muscle activity of tibialis anterial, medial head of gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris muscle in UHS, LHS (p<0.05). 5 There was significant difference in muscle strength in LHS (p<0.05). Conclusion: Exercising with high speed and load has more influence on the muscle activity and muscle strength of the lower extremities.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

A cDNA (Oslls1) encoding Lls1-homologue of maize was isolated from cDNA library of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Ilpum). The 2,138 bp of full length Oslls1 clone contains an open reading frame of 1,623 nucleotides encoding 575 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of Oslls1 has a high level of homology with chlorophyll a oxygenases of Arabidopsis thaliana (67%) and Marchantia polymorpha (65%). Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicates the existence of a small gene family for Oslls1 in the rice genome. The expression of Oslls1 mRNA was induced in leaves and germinating seeds. Treatment of $H_2O$$_2$significantly down-regulated Oslls1 expression. The expression of Oslls1 mRNA was consititutively down-regulated in the blm, a rice mutant exhibiting spontaneous necrotic lesions. These results suggest that this Oslls1 gene may be involved incell death mechanisms in the blm mutant of rice.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.1 s.29
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• pp.159-167
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• 2006

Better utilization of the knowledge of employees in any organization has long been accepted as a vital component of a corporation's competitiveness. This has been considered even more important in the construction industry due to the dynamic and intermittent nature of construction projects. With the rapid advance of network technologies during the last decade, construction companies quickly shifted their focus of knowledge management to interactive online repositories. However, the efforts of leveraging organizational knowledge has remained fragmented in the construction industry until recent years. In addition, companies have begun to realize that actual returns on this investment in network technologies would be far less than initial expectations if online efforts do not incorporate companies' general offline knowledge management efforts, which are done without the use of computer network. Thus, this paper focused on assessment of implementing current Lessons-Learned Systems at the large construction companies in Korea to provide the foundation for developing a renovated conceptual Lessons-Learned System model.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.288-300
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• 2003

Purpose: To obtain regional blood flow and tissue-blood partition coefficient with time-activity curves from ${H_2}^{15}O$ PET, fitting of some parameters in the Kety model is conventionally accomplished by nonlinear least squares (NLS) analysis. However, NLS requires considerable compuation time then is impractical for pixel-by-pixel analysis to generate parametric images of these parameters. In this study, we investigated several fast parameter estimation methods for the parametric image generation and compared their statistical reliability and computational efficiency. Materials and Methods: These methods included linear least squres (LLS), linear weighted least squares (LWLS), linear generalized least squares (GLS), linear generalized weighted least squares (GWLS), weighted Integration (WI), and model-based clustering method (CAKS). ${H_2}^{15}O$ dynamic brain PET with Poisson noise component was simulated using numerical Zubal brain phantom. Error and bias in the estimation of rCBF and partition coefficient, and computation time in various noise environments was estimated and compared. In audition, parametric images from ${H_2}^{15}O$ dynamic brain PET data peformed on 16 healthy volunteers under various physiological conditions was compared to examine the utility of these methods for real human data. Results: These fast algorithms produced parametric images with similar image qualify and statistical reliability. When CAKS and LLS methods were used combinedly, computation time was significantly reduced and less than 30 seconds for $128{\times}128{\times}46$ images on Pentium III processor. Conclusion: Parametric images of rCBF and partition coefficient with good statistical properties can be generated with short computation time which is acceptable in clinical situation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.264-270
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• 2001

The effects of leaf extracts of 14 different non-host plant species on in vitro conidial germination of Phaeoisariopsis personata, the causal organism of late leaf spot(LLS) of groundnut were evaluated. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Datura metel, Lawsonia inermis and aqueous leaf extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus at 25%(w/v) concentration completely inhibited the conidial germination of P. personata both at 24h and 48h after incubation. Aqueous leaf extracts of Blumea bifoliata, Eucalyptus globules, Ocimum sanctum and Pongamia pinnata, and ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and S. indicus inhibited the conidial germination by >90%. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of L. inermis and S. indicus were highly inhibitory to conidial germination up to 1% concentration. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of D. metel and ethanol leaf extract of A. indica were highly inhibitory to P. personata even at 0.01% (100 ppm) concentration. Ethanol leaf extract of A. indica up to $80^{\circ}$, aqueous leaf extracts of D. metel and S. indicus up to $100^{\circ}$, and L. inermis up to $60^{\circ}$, were highly stable and retained their fungitoxic effects. Extract of D. metel was antifungal even after 180 days when it was stored both at room temperature and $4^{\circ}$. Aqueous leaf extract of D. metel at 2% concentration effectively reduced the development of LLS by >60%, under greenhouse conditions both in prophylactic and simultaneous applications. Extracts of D. metel could be a potential economical and an eco-frendly alternative for control of late leaf spot, and its efficacy under field conditions is further being evaluated.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.670-675
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• 2008

A series of pH and temperature-responsive (N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-methylacrylic acid) copolymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) $^1H$, $^{13}C$ and LLS. The effects of salt and pH on the phase transition behaviors of the copolymers were investigated by uv. With increasing NaCl concentration, significant salt effects on their phase transition behaviors were observed. UV spectroscopic studies showed that the phase transition became faster with increasing NaCl concentration. In addition, the phase transition behaviors of copolymers were sensitive to pH. The pH and temperature sensitivity of these copolymers would make an interesting drug delivery system.