• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.783-796
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• 2013

This study investigated dietary patterns among the elderly over 75 years old living in Jeollanam-do area in May 2012. Although structured interviews were conducted with 236 consenting subjects, only 194 who completed the ADL, IADL, and K-MMSE tests were used for statistical data analysis. Using ADL, IADL, K-MMSE scores, cluster analysis was first performed and resulted in two groups: IFG (Insufficiently Functioning Group) and SFG (Sufficiently Functioning Group). Chi-square tests for nominal scales, Mann-Whitney tests for ordinal scales, and ANOVAs and t-tests for interval and ratio scales were conducted to compare two groups. More than 70% of IFG were illiterates compared to 28.1% of SFG. 'Excessive eating', 'appetite', 'digestion', and 'balanced diet' did not differ between groups. SFG more frequently had snacks and ate out and were more likely to take health supplements than IFG. Among the 100 major food items, consumption frequencies of several foods differed between groups. Study implications and limitations were discussed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.117-120
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• 2003

A human Echinostoma hortense infection was diagnosed by gastroduodenoscopy. An 81-year-old Korean male, living in Yeongcheon-shi, Gyeongsangbuk-do and with epigastric discomfort of several days duration, was subjected to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. He was in the habit of eating fresh water fish. Two live worms were found in the duodenal bulb area and were removed using an endoscopic forcep. Based on their morphological characteristics, the worms were identified as E. hortense. The patient was treated with praziquantel 10 mg/kg as a single dose. The source of the infection in this case remains unclear, but the fresh water fish consumed, including the loach, may have been the source. This is the second case of E. hortense infection diagnosed by endoscopy in Korea.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.855-866
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• 2008

The dietary patterns and characteristics of oldest-old subjects over 85 of Sunchang County (total of 171, 61 males and 110 females) were studied. The average age was $90.6{\pm}3.7$ years old (male; $89.1{\pm}2.8$, female; $91.5{\pm}3.8$), and 90.9% of them were reported to have had no schooling experience. Family types having a spouse were much greater in men (50%) than women (1.8%). The percentages of living alone showed the gender differences, which were comprised of 33% of females and 18.3% of males. In this study, 73.7% of subjects answered "very good" or "good" for their health status. These elderly subjects might maintain their health through a relatively lower rate of smoking (22.2%) and drinking (27.5%), having non-sedentary activities (84.2% of the subjects are physically active) and enough sleep. Their characteristic dietary patterns include high preference of rice (96.5%) and blanch & Seasoned vegetable dishes (Namal, 90.6%) frequent consumption of plant-based food groups containing plenty of anti-oxidants such as vegetables and legumes, and they showed high rates of meal regularity (77.2%) and no skipping of meals (94.2%). It seems to be developed and disseminated in the congregate meal program for improving nutritional status of the elderly, since the coming increment of single-elderly family and single dwellers of rural areas.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2002

This study was intended to investigate the breakfast habits of salaried people. Total 446 subjects (male:256 and female:190) living in Seoul participated in the study. The results obtained were as follows : About 88.8% of the respondents perceived well the importance of breakfast, but only 33.2% of them responded to have breakfast every morning. It was found that males, older people, married people and people with higher education had a tendency to have breakfast regularly. The main reasons for having breakfast were 'for nutritional intake'(42.2%) and 'for relieving hunger' (31.3%). Cooked rice with soup (78.4%) was the most popular menu for breakfast. The time for breakfast was about 5∼15 minutes. The reasons for skipping breakfast were 'the lack of time > low appetite > habitually', but 59.6% of the respondents answered to have cooked rice with soup if they would. The 95.6% of the respondents showed more than the 'moderate' score on nutritional knowledge. Female salaried people showed higher scores on nutritional knowledge than male counterparts. People with higher education had a better nutritional knowledge. It was found that male, older people, people with higher education, and members in the extended family or nuclear family had good eating habits. Nutritial knowledge showed a significant positive relationship with eating habits. Overall, salaried people perceived the importance of breakfast, but had Poor dietary habit of skipping breakfast at 23.3%. Therefore, convenient and nutritional substitute for breakfast should be developed for salaried people.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2020

This study examines the poverty indicators in Northeast region of Thailand by adopting the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) methodology and the national survey of Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) of Thailand. Data are collected from three different districts in Khon Kaen province namely: Khok Po Chai, Sam Sung, and Nam Pong. The sample size is 187 households. Data analysis uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression approach and includes 7 dimensions of poverty (health, environment, education, economy, Thai value, asset? empowerment, and digital literacy) with a total of 41 indicators. This study has found that poverty indicators in Khon Kaen province remains centered around the aspects of health and employment dimensions. While a change of family structure in the Thai society since 1960s reduces the family size, household saving substantially increases over the years. The effects of health dimension in poverty, on the other hand, appears on the other poverty dimension of Thai value, which include (1) a bad living habit of head of household (smoke or alcohol consumption) that links with illness and disease, (2) religious practice, and (3) chronic illness. Lastly, there are income gaps of different careers in the area, which suggests the issue of income inequality.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2016

An excavation of the Vesakoyakha II-IV and Nyamboyto I burial grounds was conducted during the 2014 field season, and soil samples from intact burials dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were analyzed to determine interactions between parasites and host/vectors. Considering the discovery of Diphyllobothrium sp. and Taenia sp. eggs in soil samples from the pelvic region, diphyllobothriasis was the most frequent helminthic infection among the Taz Nenets. The Nyamboyto Nenets mainly consumed uncooked fish, while the Vesakoyakha Nenets had a bigger variety in food choices, including reindeer meat. Nenets children were given raw fish from early childhood. The paleoparasitological results corroborate rare ethnographic records about the consumption of uncooked reindeer cerebrum which led to beef tapeworm helminthiases. This is the first parasitological report of helminthic diseases among the Taz Nenets, and, as such, it provides insight into their subsistence activities and food patterns and broadens our understanding of their health condition.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS: In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.765-774
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• 2007

Aging rate of rural area in our country is relatively high compared to that of the urban area. Thus, the introduction of meal service for the elderly residing in the rural area is necessary for their better living quality. Food habit, health and the nutritive intake conditions during the busy farming season were surveyed and comparative analysis of dietary intake for the introduction of meal service in pavilion of the elderly living in Chungnam, Kangwon, Jeonnam and Kyungbuk was performed for basic reference data of meal service introduction to the pavilion of the elderly in rural area. In general subject, the male elderly had a significant difference in marital state and showed that 79.4% was married and 20% was separated by death(P<0.05). In allowance, there were no significant difference but most of them lived with less then three hundred thousand won and especially, female lived with less then one hundred thousand won. In health state, the female elderly showed significant difference on difficulty with every day activity but with small trouble although they had to prepare their own meal(P<0.05). The condition dental health conditions of the female elderly had a significant difference showing bad conditions in following order; Kangwon(48%)>Chungnam(38.1%)>Kyungbuk(22.9%)>Jeonnam(22.5%)(p<0.05). The female elderly showed a significant difference in usage of denture and number of the female elderly without using the denture were very high(p<0.05). In nutrition intake condition, amount of sodium was very high but intakes of fiber and calcium were relatively 1ow(P<0.05). Meal service introduction in the pavilion of the elderly is suggested for the improvement of the life quality of the elderly in rural area. When developing the menu for them, conditions such as shortage of the fiber and calcium in diets, the dental conditions should be considered.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.475-486
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• 1998

인천과 서울지역의 노인들 151명을 대상으로 시설노인과 재가노인으로 나누어 실시한 조사대상자의 식습관과 건강상태, 건강식품에 대한 인식도와 기호도 그리고 식습관에 영향을 주는 정신건강상태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조사 대상자의 일반 사항에서 평균 연령은 시설노인 남자 77.8세, 여자 78.5이고 재가노인은 남자 73.7, 여자 78.0로 시설노인이 높게 나타났다. 평균 체중과 신장은 시설노인 남, 여가 각각59.3kg, 49.2kg이며 재가노인 남여는 각각 61.2kg 53.6kg이며, 신장은 시설노인 남자가 161.9cm, 여자가 145.9cm, 재가노인은 남자가 168.0cm 여자가 150.5cm정도로 나타났다. 조사대상자의 학력은 무학이 절반을 차지하여 대부분의 노인들의 학력정도가 남으며, 시설보다 재가의 학력수준이 높았다. 2) 식습관에 관한 조사에서는 대부분이 가족과 함께 식사를 하며, 식사첫수는 하루 세끼를 하고 식사시간은 대체로 일정한 시간에 하며 외식횟수에 대해서는 재가노인의 경우 주 1-2회정도 외식을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 식습관에 관한 전반적인 조사에서 대부분의 노인들이 바람직한 식생활을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 3) 조사대상자의 건강상태에서 본인의 건장상태에 대한 만족도에서는 시설노인이 61.5%, 재가노인이 24.2%로 유의적 차이(p<0.001)를 보임에 따라 시설노인이 재가노인보다 건강상태가 나쁘다고 생각하는 사람이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 4) 현재 앓고 있는 질병의 여부에서는 있는 경우와 없는 경우가 대체적으로 비슷하게 조사되었으며 질병의 종류로는 당뇨병, 심장질환, 고혈압, 관절염등으로 나타났다. 최근 몸무게의 변화 여부에서는 시설노인의 48.1% 정도가 체중이 준 반면, 재가 노인은 변화가 없거나 늘어난 경우가 70%정도로 유의성이 있는 것(p<0.05)으로 나타났다. 5) 운동 횟수에서는 시설 노인의 65.4%가 운동을 하지 않으며, 남녀의 비교시 운동을 하지 않는 사람이 각각 33.9%, 66.3%로 유의성(p<0.05)이 나타나 남자가 여자보다 운동 횟수가 많았다. 걷는 정도에서 시설노인의 63.5%가 거의 못 걸으며 남자와 여자 사이에서도 유의성(p<0.001)이 나타났다. 걸을 수 있는 정도와 계단 오르기에 느끼는 불편 정도를 조사해본 결과 시설보다 재가의 경우가 일반적으로 건강이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 6) 흡연에 관해서는 시설노인의 대부분인 90.4%가 흡연을 하지 않았으며, 재가의 경우 하루 1/2갑 이하, 하루 1/2갑-1갑의 경우가 각각 22.2%, 17.2%로 유의성(p<0.05)이 나타났고, 남녀사이에서도 유의성 (p<0.001)이 나타났다. 7) 건강식품에 대한 인식도에 관한 조사에서 현재 비타민제나 영양제를 복용하지 않는 사람이 더 많으며, 시설노인과 재가노인의 비교시에는 시 설과 재가가 각각 76.9%, 60.6%로 유의성(p<0.05)이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 건강을 위해서는 대부분의 노인이 건강식품을 구입하지 않았다. 경제적 여유가 생기면 약이나 건강식품과 같은 먹는 것을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 8) 노인들의 일반식품에 대한 기호도를 보면, 육류를 선호하며, 특히 쇠고기에 대핀 선호도가 높은 편이었다. 과거의 채식습관으로 인해 채소, 해조류, 김치 과일등의 선호도는 높게 나타났고, 밥의 선호도와 국수의 선호도가 높았으며, 유지부분에는 참기름, 들기름, 대두유의 선호도는 높았지만, 버터, 마가린등의 유지는 선호도가 낮게 나타났다. 노인들의 선호하는 맛은 대부분 단맛, 매운맛, 짠맛, 신맛 순서였다. 선호하는 음식 조리법은 찌개, 국, 무침을 선호하였다. 시설노인에 있어서 볶음의 선호도, 남자의 점에 대한 선호도가 높게 나타났다. 9) 간식의 경우는 1회가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 간식으로 주로 섭취하는 식품으로는 과일, 우유, 유산균음료, 떡, 과자, 건강음료 등의 순서로 나타났다. 과일을 간식으로 섭취하는 경우는 시설보다 재가의 경우가 더 높았다. 노인들이 선호하는 음료를 보면 커피 전통음료가 대체적으로 높게 나타났고, 노인들이 좋아하는 전통음료는 식혜로 조사되었다. 10) 노인들의 학력, 용돈, 주거형태에 따른 식습관과 정신건강의 차이를 보면 혼자서 사는 경우가 가장 낮은 식습관을 나타내었고, 학력에 따른 식습관에서는 고졸이 무학 국졸 중졸과 유의적 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 용돈에 따른 식습관 차이에서는 더 많은 용돈을 사용하는 사람이 더 나은 식습관을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 노인들은 전체적으로 약간 우울한 경향을 나타냈는데 시설노인이 재가노인보다 우울의 정도가 심했으며 통계적으로도 유의성을 나타냈다. 학력에 따른 우울증의 차이를 보면 학력에 따른 영향은 없으며, 용돈에 따른 우울증의 차이를 보면 전체적으로 용돈이 적은 경우가 많은 경우보다 우울한 경향을 보였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2008

본 연구는 국내에서 최고급육으로 유통되는 육질등급이 $1^{++}$인 거세한우고기에 대하여 소비자 관능평가를 실시하여 사회인구학적 요인과 한국 소비자들의 관능특성간에 어떠한 관계가 있는지 알아보고, 이 결과를 한국 소비자들을 위한 요리방법 및 부위별 맛 예측 모델을 설정하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 28-30개월령 거세한우를 도축한 후 업진, 보섭, 채끝, 등심, 꾸리, 홍두깨, 목심, 설깃, 우둔, 양지 부위를 분리하여 전국 소비자 650명을 대상으로 탕, 그릴 및 구이형태로 각각 조리하여 연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 전반적인 기호도를 평가한 결과 탕 형태로 조리된 거세한우고기는 거주지역, 연령, 성별, 직업 및 10개의 부위에 대한 관능특성 4가지 요인(연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 전반적인 기호도)과 모두 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고기섭취습관 및 숙성여부도 연도 및 전반적인 기호도와 유의적인 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 스테이크 형태인 경우 쇠고기에 대한 기호 성향이 거주지역, 숙성여부 및 부위가 관능특성 4가지 요인(연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 전반적인 기호도)과 모두 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 연령, 수입 및 고기섭취습관 등도 연도 및 전반적인 기호도 특성이 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 구이 형태인 경우 거주지역, 연령, 직업, 가계수입, 고기섭취 습관, 숙성 여부 및 부위에 따라 연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 기호도 성향에 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 또한, $1^{++}$ 등급과 같은 최상의 육질등급을 받은 거세한우고기의 관능평가 결과에 대하여 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과, 요리방법에 따라 연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 기호도가 부위별 관능특성에 미치는 가중치가 다른 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로 한국소비자들은 동일한 조건의 쇠고기일지라도 요리방법 및 부위에 따라 쇠고기 맛을 평가하는 기호도에 차이가 있었으며 이러한 점을 고려하여 부위별 요리방법별 맛 예측모델을 확립한다면 한우고기를 차별화 할 수 있는 유통시스템 개발이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.