• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

This study was performed to understand recognition and behaviors related to sodium intake of Korean adults. The data were collected from subjects including 267 male and 285 female adults in nationwide and compared by gender and by age. We found that the male group showed significantly higher smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise does the female group. The older group (40 to 59 years) revealed significantly higher exercise and lower alcohol drinking; however general disease and hypertension prevalence, diet therapy practice, and meditation for hypertension were higher. Recognizing sodium levels of foods containing high-sodium, and sodium-nutriture labels when purchasing foods, and knowing differences between salt and sodium of the male group or recognizing sodium levels of foods containing high-sodium of the older group was worse than the other. Among the 32 food behaviors, only 12 were identified as significantly correlated to sodium intake levels including behaviors of preferring Chinese and Japanese foods to Western foods, preferring kimchi to raw vegetables, completely consuming soup, stew, noodle liquid, liking of dried fish and salted mackerel, frequent eat-outs or delivered foods, and so forth. There were significant differences between gender or age groups in terms of sodium intake-increasing behaviors; the male group showed higher behaviors of preferring salty taste and eating all broths. And the older group revealed higher behavior of adding table salt as well as the previous two, however, the younger group showed more behaviors of eat-outs or delivered foods and not the liquid of kimchi.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1977

원자력 발전소에서 나오는 방사성 핵종이 clay 속에 고정되는 반응기구를 분석하기 위해서 clay의 양이온 교환능을 Sawhney 방법으로 측정했다. Clinoptilolite, vermiculite 및 sodalite들의 PH dependent CEC를 측정한 결과 총 양이온 교환능의 약 70% 정도가 영구 고정되어진다고 생각되는 neutral salt CEC에 의해 일어나고 나머지는 가역과정인 clay 속의 유기물질과 다른 급속(Al, Mg)의 치환에 의해서 일어난다는 결론을 얻었으며, pH 9 이상에서 clay에 의한 방사성 핵종의 제거는 이온 교환 기구에 의한 고정보다 오히려 중금속 이온의 침전에 의해서 더 많이 일어난다는 것도 밝혀냈다. 그리고 연속 치환에 의해서 처리된 Na-clay는 방사성 핵종제거에 상당히 향상된 제거 효율을 나타내고 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1011-1015
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• 2014

Octadecyl-modified graphene (graphene-C18) was fabricated and used as adsorbent in hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) for the first time. The extraction performance of graphene-C18 reinforced HF-LPME was evaluated using chlorophenols as model analytes. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as extraction time, pH of the sample solution, agitation rate, the concentration of graphene-C18 and salt addition were optimized. After the graphene-C18 reinforced HF-LPME of the chlorophenols from honey sample, the analytes were separated and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The linearity was observed in the range of 5.0-200.0 ng $g^{-1}$ for 2-chlorophenol and 3-chlorophenol, and 2.0-200.0 ng $g^{-1}$ for 2,3-dichlorophenol and 3,4-dichlorophenol, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of the method were lower than 1.5 ng $g^{-1}$. The recoveries of the method were between 88% and 108%. The method is simple, sensitive and has been resoundingly applied to analysis of chlorophenols in honey samples.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2001

굴통조림 가공부산액 (세척수 및 자숙수)을 효율적으로 이용하기 위하여 굴통조림 가공부산액을 이용한 인스턴트 분말수프의 제조를 시도하였다. 대조구인 굴 열수추출물 유래 분말수프는 열수추출물 분말에 일정량의 식염, 크림분말, 유장분말, 밀가루, 옥수수분말, 전분, 포도당, 양파가루를 각각 혼합하여 제조하였다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프는 열수추출물 유래 분말 및 식염대신에 세척액 및 자숙수 유래 혼합분말 (자숙액 유래 분말 : 세척액 유래 분말=12:8)을 첨가하고, 기타 첨가물의 경우 굴열수추출물 유래 분말수프와 같은 비율로 첨기하여 제조하였다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프는 탄수화물이 $72\%$ 부근으로 거의 대부분을 차지하였고, 다음으로 조단백질 (약 $10\%$), 조회분 (약 $8\%$) 및 조지방 (약 $8\%$)의 순이었으며, 대조구인 열수추출물 분말수프와 차이가 없었다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프는 휘발성염기질소, 생균수, 대장균군 및 수분찬성이 각각 33.4mg/100g, $2.2\times10^4CFU/g$, <18MPN/100g 및 0.257이어서, 위생적으로 안전한 인스턴트 식품이었다. 굴통조림 가공부산액 유래 혼합분말수프의 주요 지방산은 16:0 ($31.5\%$), 18:0 ($10.5\%$) 및 18:1n-9 ($27.6\%$) 등이었고, 단백질의 화학가는 $61.4\%$이었으며, 주요 무기질은 철이었다. 관능적 평가 결과 열수추출물 분만수프에 대하여 혼합분말수프의 경우 향은 약간 낮았으나, 맛은 오히려 우수하였다. 이상의 이화학적 및 관능적 검사 결과로 미루어 보아 식염 함량이 많아 대부분이 폐기되고 있는 자숙수의 경우도 분말 화하여 세척수유래 분말과 적절히 혼합하여 식염농도를 조절하면 우수한 인스턴트 분말수프의 소재로 이용 가능하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

This study examined the de-icing agents' stresses on Pinus strobus and Pinus thunbergii by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. The assumption of this study was that photosynthetic efficiency was changed by de-icing agents applied onto highways in winter by altering the concentration of the de-icier, types of de-icer and leaf surface coating liquid application. The practical purpose of this study was to investigate the de-icing gents stresses on Pinus strobus by the highway area where de-icing agents were used frequently and to discover out minimizing stratages to prevent further damages. or this simulation study, a sample plot was established in Bogae-myeon, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do and Pinus strobus and Pinus thunbergii were planted for the examination in April, 2005. Five types of de-icing agents - NaCl, $CaCl_2$, T product(NS40:low cWoride de-icer type), NaCl+$CaCl_2$ and T product+$CaCl_2$ - were selected and the their concentration was altered to 0%, 5%, and 9%. Five types of de-icing agents were applied to both trees treated by a leaf surface coating liquid and trees not treated by leaf surface coating liquid. For the fluorescence analysis, the leaf surface coating liquid, which was diluted by 10 times, was sprkinkled onto the two tree species three days prior to gathering samples. Sample leaves from the two tree species were gathered at 10 o'clock in the morning of mid-August, 2006 and brought to the laboratory within three hours to be dipped in different concentrations (0%, 5%, or 9%) of the five de-icing agents for two minutes. Then the eaves were placed on the filter paper dipped in each solution on a petri dish, sealed with polyethylene film and kept in a growth chamber at $22^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours. Out of the growth chamber, the leaves were treated with a chorophyll fluorescence reaction analyzer for 30 minutes to measure the initial light acceptance rate(Fo), maximum light acceptance ate(Fv/Fm), light acceptance usage(F' q/F' m) and optical electron delivery coefficient(qP). As a result, Pinus strobus' initial light acceptance rate(Fo) decreased as T product and NaCl increased in concentration, and $Cal_2$ did not reduce much with the eaf surface coating liquid application. Maximum light acceptance rate(Fv/Fm) and light acceptance usage(F' q/F' m) decreased sharply as T product and NaCl increased in concentration and NaCl+$CaCl_2$ and T product+$CaCl_2$ did not reduce much with leaf surface coating liquid application. Optical electrons delivery coefficient (qP) decreased as T product increased in concentration on trees without the leaf surface coating liquid application and all other de-icing agents did not show much reduction. As for Pinus thunbergii, the initial light acceptance rate(Fo) decreased as T product increased in concentration, but the maximum light acceptance rate(Fv/Fm) was not reduced much by changes in concentration. light acceptance usage(F' q/F' m) decreased as NaCl increased in concentration and optical electron delivery coefficient(qP) decreased as NaCl increased in concentration in both with and without leaf surface coating liquid application. In conclusion, it was possible to plant Pinus strobus if spraying leaf surface coating liquid or cleaning deicing salt to prevent the damage caused by deicing agents was more economical than replacing the trees. If not, it was better to plant Pinus thunbergii. Another way to decrease the deicing gents stresses of landscape plants would be planting the trees further away from the roads even though it might take longer period to display its planting functions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

식물 세포나 조직의 배양에서 배지의 salt strength, sucrose 농도, 질소 함량과 질소원의 종류 및 그 비율 등이 세포 또는 조직의 생장에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 Agar를 함유한 MS 기본배지와 BA 1 mg/L를 첨가한 MS 기본 액체배지에서 계대배양을 통하여 생산한 다신초를 액아와 본엽이 $2{\sim}3$매 되도록 분할한 신초를 이용하여 MS 액체배지의 salt strength와 sucrose 농도 및 $NH_4/NO_3$ 비율이 고추냉이 신초의 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 고추냉이 유묘의 생산에 필요한 최적 배지조건을 구명하였다. 고추냉이 신초의 증식에는 MS 액체배지의 salt strength는 기본조성이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, $1/4{\sim}1/2x$ 또는 2x MS 배지에서는 고추냉이 유묘의 생장이 크게 억제 되었다. 기본조성의 MS 액체배지에 sucrose 3%를 첨가하였을 때 고추냉이 신초의 생장이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 sucrose 농도 $1{\sim}6%$ 범위에서 신초의 수와 길이는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 기본조성의 MS 액체배지에서 질소원으로 ${NH_4}^+$과 ${NO_3}^-$의 비율을 10:50으로 조절하였을 때 고추냉이 신초의 생장이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, ${NH_4}^+$의 비율이 증가할수록 생장은 억제되었다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2017

The electrolyte plays one of the most significant roles in the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors. Most liquid organic electrolytes used commercially have temperature and potential range constraints, which limit the possible energy and power output of the supercapacitor. The effect of elevated temperature on a lithium bis(oxalate)borate(LiBOB) salt-based electrolyte was evaluated in a symmetric supercapacitor assembled with activated carbon electrodes and different electrolyte blends of acetonitrile(ACN) and propylene carbonate(PC). The electrochemical properties were investigated using linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In particular, it was shown that LiBOB is stable at an operational temperature of $80^{\circ}C$, and that, blending the solvents helps to improve the overall performance of the supercapacitor. The cells retained about 81% of the initial specific capacitance after 1000 galvanic cycles in the potential range of 0-2.5 V. Thus, LiBOB/ACN:PC electrolytes exhibit a promising role in supercapacitor applications under elevated temperature conditions.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.24-29
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• 2003

Deep sea water has cold temperature, abundant nutrients and minerals, and good water quality that is pathogen-free and stable. Compared with surface water, deep sea water contains more nutrition salt, such as nitrogen and phosphor. Moreover, if has the good balance of minerals. Because of the ability of the spray drying process to produce a free-flowing power considering of spherical particles with a well-defined size distribution and the rapid drying times for heat-sensitive material, spray drying is attractive for a wide range of applications spray drying is a unique unit operation in which powders are produced from a liquid feed in a single processing step. Key component of the process are atomizer, spray chamber. Design of spray chamber should be based on the atomizer type, the production rate, and the particle size required. Because of the complex processes taking place during spray drying, traditional design method are based on pilot-plant tests and empirical scale-up rules. Modern technique such as CFD have a role to play in design and troubleshooting.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2010

The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been developing pyroprocessing technology for recycling useful resources from spent fuel since 1997. The process includes pretreatment, electroreduction, electrorefining, electrowinning, and a waste salt treatment system. This paper briefly addresses unit processes and related innovative technologies. As for the electroreduction step, a stainless steel mesh basket was applied for adaption of granules of uranium oxide. This basket was designed for ready handling and transfer of feed material. A graphite cathode was used for the continuous collection of uranium dendrite in the electrorefining system. This enhances the throughput of the electrorefiner. A particular mesh type stirrer was designed to inhibit uranium spill-over at the liquid Cd crucible. A residual actinide recovery system was also tested to recover TRU tracer. In order to reduce the waste volume, a crystallization method is employed for Cs and Sr removal. Experiments on the unit processes were tested successfully, and based on the results, engineering-scale equipment has been designed for the PRIDE (PyRoprocess Integrated inactive DEmonstration facility).

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2014

Chromatographic enantiomer resolution of chiral amines was performed on several covalently immobilized and coated chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on polysaccharide derivatives under the mobile phase conditions containing base or acid or acid/base additive. The chromatographic parameters including separation factors and capacity factors were greatly influenced by the nature of the mobile phase containing base or acid or salt additive as well as the used CSPs. When 0.05% triethylamine/0.05% trifluoroacetic acid as an additive in the mobile phase was used on all CSPs in this study, the greatest enantiomer resolution was observed except for Chiralpak AD. Also, it was shown that the change of base additive into acid or salt in the mobile phase may directly affect chiral recognition mechanisms between the chiral selectors and analytes occurring during enantiomer separation, resulting in the change of elution orders.