• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. ethanolic extract with different aspects (stem/leaf and whole plant) on differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The morphological changes and the degrees of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil Red O staining and intra-cellular triglyceride (TG) assay. The mRNA expressions of special peroxisome proliferation activated receptor- genes (PPAR), CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein (C/$EBP{\alpha}$), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The 50% ethanolic extracts ($100{\mu}g/mL$) of stem and leaf (SALE) and 30% ethanolic extracts (100 g/mL) of whole plant (SAE) from Salvia plebeia R. Br. were significantly attenuated lipid accumulation during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions ($50{\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, SALE induced down-regulation of specific adipogenic transcriptional factors (C/$EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$) and target genes (FAS and LPL) during adipogenesis. Salvia plebeia R. Br. may be used as a safe and efficient natural substance to manage obesity.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

Objectives : Blood stasis (BS) is related to be caused by blood circulation and stagnation which are cancer, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia in traditional medicine. We extracted 3 kinds of BS formula; Seogakjihwang-tang (SGT), Tonggyuhawlhyul-tang (THT), Hyulbuchukeo-tang (HCT). This study was conducted to investigate whether the 3 kinds of herbal formula extracts have inhibitory efficacy association with anti-adipogenesis. Methods : To investigate the anti-adipogenesis, we used the mouse fibroblast cell line, 3T3-L1 which differentiated into adipocytes in response to insulin, IBMX and dexamethasone (MDI). Cytotoxicity of herbal formula extracts were examined by CCK-8 kit. Intracellular lipid droplets were detected by Oil-Red-O staining. Triglyceride (TG) and leptin were measure using elisa kit. Results : The yield of water extracts was 14.62% (SGT), 21.27% (THT), 20.02% (HCT). Lipid accumulation was reduced significantly by 3 kinds of herbal formula compared to control. Especially, THT and HCT decreased lipid droplet, respectively at all concentration. The TG and leptin were also inhibited by 3 kinds of herbal formula. The IC50 of TG were $280.51{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ (SGT), $52.62{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ (THT), $313.99{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ (HCT). The IC50 of leptin were $348.76{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ (SGT), $164.02{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ (THT), $257.00{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ (HCT). THT was better than other herbal formula on anti-adipogenesis. Conclusion : kinds of herbal formula inhibited adipogenesis in MDI-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as indicated by the significant reduction in TG and leptin concentration without cytotoxicity. Therefore, 3 kinds of herbal formula for BS might act as a therapeutic agent for preventing lipid diseases, such as obesity and atherosclerosis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2023

Objective: The study was conducted to screen differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in chickens by high-throughput sequencing and explore its mechanism of action on intramuscular fat deposition. Methods: Herein, Rose crown and Cbb broiler chicken embryo breast and leg muscle lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were constructed by RNA sequencing. A total of 96 and 42 differentially expressed lncRNAs were obtained in Rose crown vs Cobb broiler chicken breast and leg muscle, respectively. lncRNA-ENSGALT00000046546, with high interspecific variability and a potential regulatory role in lipid metabolism, and its predicted downstream target gene 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), were selected for further study on the preadipocytes. Results: lncRNA-46546 overexpression in chicken preadipocyte 2 cells significantly increased (p<0.01) the expression levels of AGPAT2 and its downstream genes diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 and those of the fat metabolism-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, and fatty acid binding protein 4. The lipid droplet concentration was higher in the overexpression group than in the control cells, and the triglyceride content in cells and medium was also significantly increased (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study preliminarily concludes that lncRNA-46546 may promote intramuscular fat deposition in chickens, laying a foundation for the study of lncRNAs in chicken early embryonic development and fat deposition.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2018

본 연구는 자색옥수수 색소 1호 포엽과 속대 추출물의 항비만 활성을 검정하고자 지방분해효소 저해활성을 평가하고 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 지방분화억제 효과를 검정하고자 수행되었다. Pancreatic lipase 저해 활성 결과, 색소 1호 포엽 및 속대 추출물의 100, 500, $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도처리구에서 양성대조군인 orlistat 보다 높은 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 배양하여 색소 1호 포엽 및 속대 추출물의 세포독성 평가를 수행한 결과, 추출물은 모든 처리농도에서 세포 생존율에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 분화된 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 색소 1호 포엽과 속대 추출물을 처리하지 않고 분화시킨 대조군은 lipid droplet의 형성이 활발하게 유발되었으나 색소 1호 포엽 및 속대 추출물의 처리에 의해 농도 의존적으로 lipid droplet의 형성이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. Real-time PCR과 Western blot을 실시하여 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 $C/EBP{\alpha}$ 유전자 및 단백질 발현량을 측정한 결과, 추출물을 처리하지 않고 분화시킨 대조군에서는 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 $C/EBP{\alpha}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현이 증가하였으며, 추출물 처리에 의해 $PPAR{\gamma}$와 $C/EBP{\alpha}$의 유전자 및 단백질 발현이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과는 색소 1호 포엽 및 속대 추출물이 pancreatic lipase 활성 및 지방전구 세포의 분화를 억제시킴으로써 항비만 활성 기능성 물질로의 활용 가능성이 높음을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포가 지방세포로 분화되는 과정에서 진피 에탄올 추출물(ethanol extracts of citrus peel, EECP)이 유발하는 항비만 효능에 대해서 조사하였다. 3T3-L1 세포의 생존율 및 증식에 영향을 미치지 않는 농도의 EECP를 처리하였을 경우 지방세포에서 특징적으로 나타나는 lipid droplet의 형성과 triglyceride의 생성도 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. EECP가 유발하는 지방세포로의 분화억제에는 PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ 및 SREBP-1c 등과 같은 adipogenic transcription factors의 발현억제가 관여하는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 결과로 aP2 및 Leptin과 같은 adipocyte expressed genes의 발현도 억제되는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 EECP는 AMPK 및 ACC의 인산화를 유발하였으며, AMPK 억제제인 Compound C를 이용하여 AMPK의 활성을 억제하였을 경우 EECP에 의한 AMPK의 인산화와 adipogenic transcription factors의 억제현상이 회복되었다. 이상의 결과에서 EECP는 AMPK signaling pathway를 통하여 항비만 효능을 가진다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 비만 예방 및 억제와 관련된 기능성 소재로서의 진피의 활용 가능성을 제시한 것으로서 그 가치가 매우 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2022

비만은 에너지의 섭취와 소비의 불균형으로 인해 지방조직이 과도하게 분화하여 과잉 축적이 되면서 발생하게 되는 대사질환 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서 저자들은 3T3-L1 지방세포를 이용해 천연 유래 6 종 혼합물인 SliMax의 항비만 효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 SliMax는 지방분화 단계에서 후기 분화를 조절하는 것으로 알려진 PPARγ와 C/EBPα의 발현 억제를 통해 지방분화를 억제하는 결과를 보였다. 또한 지방세포 분화 유도 후 지방세포 분해 과정에서 SliMax는 지방분해 관련 단백질인 ATGL과 HSL 발현 증가를 통해 큰 사이즈의 단방성 지방구를 작은 사이즈의 수많은 다방성 지방구로 분해하였다. 마지막으로 갈색지방으로 유도하는 효능을 확인하기 위해 UCP-1의 발현과 미토콘드리아 양을 면역형광염색법으로 확인한 결과 SliMax가 지방세포의 UCP-1의 발현과 미토콘드리아 양을 증가시켰다. 결과를 종합해볼 때, 천연 유래 혼합물인 SliMax는 지방 분화억제와 지방분해 촉진을 통해 지방구의 형성을 억제하고, 열 생산과 에너지 소비와 관련된 갈색지방화 촉진 기능을 가져 항비만 소재로의 가능성을 가진다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.515-521
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• 2019

본 연구는 고지방 식이로 유발된 비만 모델의 지질 및 항산화 관련 효소의 대사에 대하여 와송 열수 추출물의 섭취를 통한 효과를 확인하였다. 정상군을 제외하고 나머지 군은 8주 동안 고지방식이를 공급하여 비만 상태로 유도하였으며, 9주에서 14주까지 고지방식이에 와송 열수 추출물이 2.5%, 5% 첨가된 식이를 자유 급식하였다. 그 결과, 고지방 식이군 대비 와송 추출물 섭취군에서 간과 폐의 무게가 감소되었으며, H&E 염색상에서도 lipid droplet이 현저하게 감소되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한, 간조직내의 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방과 같은 지질 함량이 유의성 있게 줄어들었다. 와송 추출물의 항산화제로서의 능력을 확인한 결과 DPPH 라디컬 소거능의 활성을 증가하였고, ROS 형성량은 탁월하게 감소되었다. 산화스트레스를 감소시키는 SOD와 CAT와 같은 항산화 효소의 활성이 와송 추출물의 고농도 섭취군에서 정상군에 근접하게 회복되었다. 결론적으로 와송 추출물의 섭취는 간내 지질대사를 조절하고 항산화 효소를 활성화시켜 비만 치료를 위한 생리활성물질로 유용하게 활용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2003

Objectives : This study aimed to elucidate the effects of TBE on hyperlipidemia. Methods : We studied the effects of TBE on hyperlipidemia through gene expressions related with lipid metabolism and serum triglyceride as well as total and HDL-cholesterol levels, and perceived histological changes. Results : The present studies demonstrate that TBE can reduce the rise in plasma cholesterol and TG levels induced by a high-cholesterol diet and also reverse pre-established hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglycemia. In the TBE group total cholesterol levels decreased, TG levels decreased, but HDL-cholesterol levels also decreased. In the analysis of absolute and relative liver weight, TBE inhibited the weight gain induced by a high-cholesterol diet. In the histological observations, lipid droplet and apoptotic change in the TBE treated group were less compared with the control group. In the serum biochemical analysis, a difference of serum AST and ALT changes among groups was not shown, but TG and total cholesterol levels were less and HDL level decreased compared with the control group. In the gene expression related with TG and cholesterol metabolism, DGAT decreased slightly but ACAT decreased more as compared with control and Lipidil groups. Conclusion : From this study, we can infer that TBE possesses a hypolipidemic effect by inhibiting the intestinal absorption and storage of exogenous and endogenous cholesterol.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.80-80
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• 2018

Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic compound found in Cudrania tricuspidata fruits. In the present study, the effect of chlorogenic acid on the inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated. Cells were stained with Oil red O reagent to detect lipid droplets in adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 cells were lysed and measured for intracellular triglyceride and adipokine by ELISA kit. The protein expression of adipogenesis-related gene was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Chlorogenic suppressed lipid droplet and intracellular triglyceride accumulation in a concentration manner and also decreased secretion of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, compared with fully differentiated adipocytes. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with chlorogenic acid reduced the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and, CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins alpha ($C/EBP{\alpha}$). This indicates that chlrogenic acid was effective as an anti-obesity agent by repressing the differentiation of 3T3-L1 into adipocytes and inhibiting triglyceridef formation in adipocyte and that it exerts its role mainly through the significant down-regulation of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2019

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer is known as a conventional herbal medicine, and ginsenoside Rg1, a steroid glycoside, is one of its components. Although Rg1 has been proved to have an antiobesity effect, the mechanism of this effect and whether it involves adipose browning have not been elucidated. Methods: 3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipocytes from mice were used to access the thermogenic effect of Rg1. Adipose mitochondria and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Protein level and mRNA of UCP1 were also evaluated by Western blotting and realtime polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results: Rg1 dramatically enhanced expression of brown adipocyte-especific markers, such as UCP1 and fatty acid oxidation genes, including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. In addition, it modulated lipid metabolism, activated 5' adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase, and promoted lipid droplet dispersion. Conclusions: Rg1 increases UCP1 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 and subcutaneous white adipose cells isolated from C57BL/6 mice. We suggest that Rg1 exerts its antiobesity effects by promoting adipocyte browning through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.