• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2004

The study addressed a direction that environmental facilities along avenues will make a progress via urban environment as well as location marketing. The space is specified the campus avenue, which is located in Jongro-gu at Seoul. With the emergence of digital information era, both people' life style and behaviors have been changing in many different ways. As the first approach to the direction, the historical study of the avenue is examined by focusing on the change. All possible related status such as location marketing strategy and various spatial characteristics, environment of the avenue and its facilities are investigated and users' characteristics are analyzed. Through these processes, a new direction and role of design are proposed and are believed to improve the avenue' image and to rediscover its own identity and to make the avenue alive as it used to be. The new proposed direction showed how to approach to design as well as to system of environmental facilities along avenues and in addition to highlighting continuous and synthetic plan. Furthermore, It is expected that both the efforts to improve the avenue' image based on its own cultural characteristic and to foster the cultural-commercialized facilities will contribute to the local residents' life standard and its economic status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2002

Objectives : To examine whether cumulative chronic stress influences the immune status, and to verify the effect of social support on the relationship between these two dimensions in male manufacturing workers. Methods : A total of 39 workers were recruited for this study. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess general characteristics, job characteristics (work demand and decision latitude), psychosocial distress, and social support. The serum levels of CD4 and CD8 were measured as immune markers, and were collected between 8:00 and 10:00am in order to standardize the markers. Nonparametric statistics were used to estimate the differences between job characteristics and the immune markers. Results : General characteristics, and health-related behaviors, were not associated with CD4, CD8 or CD4/CD8. No relationships were found between job characteristics and the mean levels of immune reactivity. These results were consistent, even after controlling for social support. Social support failed to modify the relationship toward work demand, decision latitude or psychosocial distress to CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8. Conclusion : Cumulative chronic life stress might not influence the immune status, and the effects of social support on the immune function under chronic stress, may not play a crucial role in modifying the relationships. This implication supports that the effect of stress on the immune function may be determined by the characteristics of that stress. further research should effectively considers the type, magnitude and timing of a stress event, and modifiable factors, such as personality traits, coping style, and hormone excretion levels, on the alteration of immune status.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 2004

Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased dramatically. It is important to know about life style and dietary habits of the obese children because the treatment of childhood obesity focuses on using behavioral modification techniques. We aimed to develop a questionnaire for the purpose of providing convenient and useful guidance to pediatricians who evaluate and treat obese children. Methods: Previously developed questionnaire was given to 94 obese children and their parents who had visited clinic for obese children and adolescents. We analyzed response rates on questions and reliability between children and their parents. Results: The response rates on questions were somewhat high. Agreement of paired questions of both parents and children was also moderately high (63~92%). It is acceptable to complete questions by either parents or children alone. Items for hours of playing video games or computer, maternal job, kind of consuming beverage and food outside home were added. Conclusion: We concluded that some questions are not needed to be given to both parents and their children. It would be better to have parents record life style of their children and to have children record their food intake with physical activity outside home.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 2000

Objectives : Health behaviors that contribute to the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults are mostly established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The purpose of this study is to investigate health behavior, juvenile delinquent behavior, mental status and to understand related factor to health behavior. Methods : The study items of life style were health related habit including smoking, drinking, breakfast, regular diet, regular exercise, sleeping time and weight status. Also, sexual evidence, violence, suicidal perceptions were surveyed. Questionnaire survey was conducted from January to February, 2000 by adolescence living in Kyunggi-Do. Data were collected by self-administered questionares. The collected data were analyzed using PC-SPSS 9.0 version. Results : Most students perceived to be healthy themselves but just two thirds students had concern for health. 64.9% ever drank alcohol, 26.4% ever smoked, and also and 2.9% had attempted suicide during preceding the survey. The rate of sleeping over 8 hours is 31.8%, 65.6% had breakfast. Multiple regression analysis to find related factor with adolescents health behavior were conducted. As a results, concern for health, sex, grade, spending money and attempt to suicide were related to health behavior. Conclusion : These results showed that many efforts to improve the health-concern are necessary and suggest the need for further studies including follow-up study, intervention study on the relationship of life style.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-208
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• 2002

This survey research examined the effectiveness, gender identity and the satisfaction of life of female leaders in government, in relation to the organizational culture regarding gender discrimination. The respondents were high -ranking (above 5th grade) male (N=154) and female (N=150) leaders in government and the supervisors (N= 139) of the female leaders. The results demonstrated that the effectiveness of female leaders was rated lower as she helped her junior females at work more as a mentor, while she was rated as being more effective as her leadership style became more relationship-oriented. The satisfaction of life of female leaders was higher as she engaged more in mentoring to the junior females and as she had more positive gender identity. However, life satisfaction became lower as the organizational culture became more discriminating toward females. The discriminating organizational culture was also correlated negatively with the interpersonal relationship between females(especially the relationship with the female seniors). These results are indicating that the behaviors, the effectiveness ratings and the satisfaction of life of female leaders in Government are restricted by the gender -discriminating organizational culture and the cultural stereotypes of the members in the organization.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.319-328
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• 2013

Objectives: This study estimated the association of cardiovascular health behaviors with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in middle-aged men in Korea. Methods: In total, 12 538 men aged 40 to 59 years were enrolled in 1993 and followed up through 2011. Cardiovascular health metrics defined the following lifestyle behaviors proposed by the American Heart Association: smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet habit score, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. The cardiovascular health metrics score was calculated as a single categorical variable, by assigning 1 point to each ideal healthy behavior. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of cardiovascular health behavior. Population attributable risks (PARs) were calculated from the significant cardiovascular health metrics. Results: There were 1054 total and 171 CVD deaths over 230 690 person-years of follow-up. The prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was 0.67%. Current smoking, elevated blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose were significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The adjusted PARs for the 3 significant metrics combined were 35.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.7 to 47.4) and 52.8% (95% CI, 22.0 to 74.0) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios of the groups with a 6-7 vs. 0-2 cardiovascular health metrics score were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.59) for all-cause mortality and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.29) for CVD mortality. Conclusions: Among cardiovascular health behaviors, not smoking, normal blood pressure, and recommended fasting blood glucose levels were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.146-161
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• 1996

This study was purposed to find health promotion and care needs of the elderly in rural area of Korea. As the rural elderly are limited in accessibility to health care resources and could not immediately solve their health care needs when they need. health promotion and care services are expected to bring better and more practical solutions of their health care needs. Thus, the type of health care services to be developed in Korea rural area is discussed to have emphasis on health care service component in addition to health promoting components. Methods of this study was based on survey data analysis : total 322 persons aged older than 55 living at one 'Kun' in Korea administrative unit were interviewed by health workers working at the region and also get trained for this study data collection. The data collection interview was continued from February till May in 1996. The interview questions were modified with adjustment to Korea situation. with basis of the WHO's health promotion program components. The collected data were analyzed using SAS program for frequency, correlation, regressions. The major findings were as follows : (1) $74.8\%$ of the surveyed were sick at the survey time point. and $95.9\%$ known the diagnosis name of the disease. The most frequently complained diseases were Muscular-Skeletal diseases $(43.7\%)$. $34\%$ of those sick had never treated or discontinued therapeutic procedures. so that shown the necessity of systematic and usual health care services with health promotion program development for the elderly. (2) The percent of those who make social participation was $95.3\%$. and the activities were visiting neighbors $(70.4\%)$ and lack of qualified social activity programs. (3) $78.1\%$ of the surveyed had health counseling and education from professional health workers. Those ceased smoking and drinking were $59.6\%,\; 60.3\%$. respectively. Those had no application of therapeutic drugs or nutrion supplements was $40.7\%\;and\;94.1\%$ had regular meals. Those practiced exercises was low remarking $17.7\%$. (4) Positive health behaviors were better carried out by sick groups than by the healthier. except smoking. regular meals. and exercise. $17.5\%$ of sick group smoke more than one case of cigarettes. in contrast to $9.5\%$ of the healthier. (5) Mental health status was heathier among positive health behavior earners. Health counseling and education shown better score of mental health than those never counseled. (6) Positive health behavior practice frequency did not show significant differences when crossed by social activity participation status. (7) Health behaviors of the rural elderly people were carried out better when they had positive 'continuency in therapeutic procedure' 'health status'. 'familial relationship'. 'Health Status' of the rural olderly were explained by 'exercise'. 'drinking'. 'familial relationship'. 'activities of daily living'. Thus, health behaviors practice mutually interact with health status. In conclusion. the health promotion and care program component are recommended to include ation on the necessity of positive health promotion active social acitivities. pleasant life style, adaption into changes on the elderly, safety in residential area. community acitivity and resource utilization. etc .. in addition to the elderly's disability and sickness caring services.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the oral health behaviors and lifestyle of hypertension patients on their perceived periodontal diseases. The data of the 2013 community health survey were used, and the data of 55,632 patients who suffered from hypertension and who were at the ages of 19 and over was analyzed. The analying methods used in this study were chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Gender, age, marital status, education, economic activity, income level and subscription to private medical insurance were identified as the factors to affect the perceived periodontal disease of the hypertension patients, and lifestyle and oral health behaviors were found to have exerted a significant influence on perceived periodontal disease. As this study found that not only the socioeconomic characteristics of the hypertension patients but their oral health care and lifestyle were all correlated with perceived periodontal disease, how to promote the oral health of those who are susceptible to periodontal diseases should carefully be considered.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-174
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• 1998

A survey was conducted to study the influence of socia-demographic factors on health-related behaviors. from June 1 to July 31, 1996. The study population was 1,903 adults in Kyongju City. A questionnaire method was used to collect data. Health-related behaviors included 24 items for men and 26 items for women. The followings are summaries of findings : The compliance of health promotion activities was higher when the age was older in men, when married, when having no religion and when the education level was higher than the other groups. And it was significantly higher when the income was lower in men and higher in women, in the residents living in apartment, in white collar workers, in the chronic ill people and when the body weight was lower than the other groups. Notable differences were found in the composition of health behavior factors for socio-demographic characteristics. Men used more tobacco, coffee and tea, salt and alcohol than women. However, the practice rates of regular exercise and physical examination were higher in men than women. On the other hand, the practice rates of fruit/vegetable intake, milk drinking and regular tooth brushing were higher in women than men. When the age was old, the amount of fruit/vegetable intake, the frequency of physician visit and health check-up, and regularity of meal were increased. When the income was high, the use rate of seat-belts, the amount of coffee, milk, fruit/vegetable and red meat intake were increased. The frequency of regular exercise. tooth brushing, health check-up, pap test and breast self examination were higher in the rich than the poor. When the education level was high, the frequency of regular exercise and tooth brushing, and the use rate of seat belts were increased, and the amount of alcohol consumption and salt intake were decreased. These findings suggest that socio-demographic factors are significantly associated with the patterns of health behaviors. In conclusion public health programs and individual counseling efforts should be multifaceted and behavior-specific to encourage to practice healthy life-style.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.129-158
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• 2018

China has had many excellent Chinese-style animation since the 1950s. These animations are of distinctive Chinese national characteristics. They have won many awards both at home and abroad, such as "Feelings of Mountains and Waters", "Uproar In Heaven", "Why is the Crow Black-Coated" and so on. But nowadays, Chinese animations that mimics Japanese and American animation are very often, and there are few animation works with rich traditional Chinese culture. There are some works in the name of Chinese style, but they have not been fully accepted by the audiences. If one wants to create animated works of Chinese style, the author must have an in-depth understanding of Chinese traditional and folk art. Animation can not be designed only on the surface. This paper mainly studies the traditional five color concept in China and its application in animation. The purpose is to provide some references to differentiate Chinese animation from other countries in terms of style and color. The main content of this paper is to understand the concept and history of Chinese traditional five color views, and to know that this color system has reflected the ancestors' concept of nature and society. On the basis of five monochromatic colors, red, yellow, green, white and black, it is a kind of complex color concept that has been developed and perfected continuously after a long period of accumulation and precipitation in the practice of life. It is the theoretical basis of Chinese traditional color system and a complete set of historical, cultural, philosophical and religious theories. Finally, this paper analyzes the colors and their symbolic meanings of the main roles in "Uproar In Heaven", a color long animation produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio, including Sun Wukong, the Jade Emperor and Na Zha. Color is the first visual language. The use of color symbols to express the inner feelings, status, good and evil of the characters will affect the audience's emotions, behaviors and opinions imperceptibly. The traditional Chinese five color concept has gone through such a long history, and its symbolic meaning has a more profound impact on Chinese people. Applying the color concept and symbolic meaning of Chinese traditional five color concept will further highlight the personalities and emotions of the roles in Chinese style animations. This paper takes the five-color view as the theoretical basis, and through the analysis of cartoons with traditional Chinese color, the author finds ways to flexibly use traditional Chinese culture.