• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

As social needs are increasing to minimize the occurrence of external effect due to urban development and to diffuse the benefits of development to surrounding areas, diverse cooperative planning methods are increasingly being discussed. In the long term, laws and systems need to be refined to support cooperative planning, but prior to such development, elements, procedures, and methodologies wherein cooperative planning in U.S.A cases could be implemented were examined to derive the alternative to and implications of cooperative planning that can apply not only to single administrative districts but also to complex boundary new towns being developed by various local governments. This paper surveyed and analyzed the cases of Wisconsin State of the U.S.A, thereby deriving the following implications. First, joint planning areas should be established within the boundary area of various local governments to establish cooperative planning areas in special areas such as complex boundary new towns, and to this end, urban planning means should be prepared. Together with such efforts, to boost the flexibility of cooperative planning, life sphere unit-based planning unit should be established, and a well-organized operation system to activate communities should be prepared. Also, revenues, generated through regional growth, should be distributed to individual local governments through joint tax according to the agreed-upon ratios, and as such, measures to share services and operate joint tax in small-size regions should be secured. Together with such efforts, to establish cooperative governance, measures to manage conflicts through the participation by stakeholders and arbitrators should be prepared from the planning stage, and measures for implementing cooperative planning at the level of basic urban planning should be prepared.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.205-222
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• 2013

As Social Welfare Service Act was revised in 2011 and its enforcement decree was revised in 2012, the function of local social welfare center was classified into 3 functions such as case control function, service supply function and local society systematization function. Therefore, from 2013, local social welfare center faces the assignment to establish its status as a core subjectivity of local social welfare while maintaining function, role, business, program, service and organization system required for local social welfare center. Currently, there are internal and external limit factors for local social welfare center to perform its original function. The external limit factors are competition with similar organization, diversification of welfare desire depending on social change, insufficient service network construction and lack of partnership between private sector and government. The internal limit factors are lack of local social organization's ability, program issue, insufficient resource, insufficient manpower, etc. In order for local social welfare center to overcome the limit factor and establish the core status for improving the life quality of resident, it should concentrate its ability on local society systematization, construct human & material support network related to local social welfare, minimize social education program and simple relief project gradually, suggest the reasonable direction for village to nurture resident organization, develop the program based on the research on local resident's desire and create the partnership between private sector and government.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.280-285
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• 2010

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and chitosan have been used as matrix materials to support the dermal part of skin equivalent which is used for both pharmacological and toxicological evaluations of drugs potentially used for dermatological diseases. However, their biological roles of GAGs and chitosan in the skin equivalent are still unknown. In the present study, we evaluated whether GAGs and chitosan directly affect keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) and their transit-amplifying cells (TA cells). Among supporting matrix materials, chitosan significantly increased the number of ${\alpha}6$ $integrin^{high}/CD71^{high}$ human keratinocyte TA cells by 48.5%. In quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis, chitosan significantly increased CD71 and CD200 gene transcription whereas not ${\alpha}6$ integrin. In addition, the level of the gene transcription of both keratin 1 (K1) and K10 in the chitosan-treated human keratinocytes was significantly lower than those of control, suggesting that chitosan inhibit keratinocyte differentiation. We also found that N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) and $\beta$-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (D-glc), two components of chitosan, have no effect on the expression of CD71, K1, and K10, suggesting that each monomer component of chitosan is not enough to regulate the number of epidermal keratinocyte lineage. Conclusively, chitosan increases keratinocyte TA cell population which may contribute to the cellular mass expansion of the epidermal part of a skin equivalent system.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.320-324
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• 2006

The purpose of the present study was to compare pulsatile type(Twin Pulse Life Support; TPLS) with rotary type hemodialyzer(AK95) in order to reduce the dialysis time and to improve dialysis effect. Three healthy dogs(about 30 kg BW) were used. Experimental renal failure was induced by the ligation of bilateral renal artery. A pair of catheters were implanted in jugular vein for dialysis. Daily investigated parameters included clinical signs such as vomiting, fecal appearance and activity, and also laboratory data such as PCV, TP, BUN and creatinine. Hemodialysis was started above 90 mg/100 ml BUN level and, laboratory data were measured every an hour for 4 hours. Heparin was administered 300 IU/Kg before dialysis and 150 IU/Kg via IV route every 90 minutes during dialysis. Clinical signs after induction renal failure were shown severe vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, mucous feces, ataxia, dilated pupil and episcleral hyperemia. The average of BUN value decreased hourly $99{\pm}12.1,\;84{\pm}12.2,\;72{\pm}8.0,\;58{\pm}7.1,\;48{\pm}5.2,\;and\;39{\pm}3.2mg/100ml$ by hemodialysis. The average of creatinine value decreased $7.8{\pm}0.61,\;6.4{\pm}0.40,\;5.3{\pm}0.42,\;4.5{\pm}0.23,\;4.0{\pm}0.41,\;and\;3.4{\pm}0.42mg/100ml$ according to hemodialysis an hour. There are not significantly differences BUN, creatinine, PCV and TP values between pulsatile and rotary type hemodialysis. These results suggested that effects of hemodialysis with Pulsatile type(TPLS) are not significantly difference as compared with hemodialysis of rotary type(AK95). Further research is needed in order to estimate the influence of cardiovascular and pulmonary system in hemodialysis of pulsatile type.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (T_max) and elimination half-life (t_1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The T_max and t_1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-193
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• 2007

A theory of the school which attach great importance to moxibustion therapy was more developed from 'Ge Hong(葛洪)', 'Wang Tao(王燾)' up to "BianQueXinShu(扁鵲心書)" of 'Dou Cai(竇材)' in Song Dynasty. The first volume of "BianQueXinShu" was described about the principles of health preserving method, diagnosis, treatment related with meridian system, support Yang theory, moxibustion therapy over the 10 chapters and in the continued 3 chapters, explained the symptoms and related moxibustion therapies. The summary is as follows. The Yang energy is the essence of the human body and it is minutely explained in "Hwangdineijing(黃帝內經)". However, the younger scholars after 'Zhang Zhongjing(張仲景)' held different views with "Hwangdineijing" so they didn't control serious diseases. Supporting the Yang energy, it will be possible to human body in good health and long life and perennial youth and longevity. To do like this, the first important thing is a moxibustion, the second is a Taoist hermit medication(丹藥) and the third is well usage of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata. According to the sequence of Yang energy deficiency, the stages of diseases are classified as Ordinary Gi(平氣), Latter deficient state(微虛), The more deficient state(甚虛), Exhausting state(將脫), Exhausted state(已脫) and in the consideration of each stage, it is used gradually with warm-natured berbs, warm-acrid herbs, warm-heated herbs and moxibustion therapy. If it comes to the stage of Exhausted state, the Yang energy is too weak to treat a disease. Therefore it is easy to harm human body with usage the treatment of the Purgationist school theory or the Cold and cool medical school theory, so it is needed a great attention to use these therapies. To summarized the keynote of 'Du Jae''s moxibustion therapy, the one is a minority of selection of points(1$^{\sim}$2 acupuncture points), the second is a majority of moxibustion units(50$^{\sim}$500 units), and the other is a focused selection of points on spleen and kidney(especially Gwanwon, CC4). And in this book, it was explained concretely about the size of moxibustion, according to the experiment with mentioned size, the burning time of moxibustion was almost 4 min 40 sec, so the big size moxibustion was one of the characteristic of moxibustion therapy revealed in this book. Also it was used 'Suseongsan(睡聖散)' - a kind of analgesic herb complexes - to reduce a pain during the usage of moxibustion therapy in this book. To develop the moxibustion theory, it is more investigated in the future that there wasn't significant relation between Gwanwon(CC4) and spleen and kidney meridian in theory, compared to many used Gwanwon(CC4) in the prescription, where as mentioned the importance of spleen and kidney in treatment, that considering the burning time(1 unit - 4 min 40 sec, 12 units an hour, maximum 288 units a day) there were no guidances about meals, sleeping, stool and urine, and that there was no concrete study about the toxicity of 'Suseongsan' as analgesic moxibustion therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the general problems of school food service and to explore a way to improve it, by examining elementary school teacher's consciousness and attitude toward it that gave a big impact on children's development of food habit. For attaining the purpose, the following research questions were posed : 1) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service management? 2) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service effect on children? 3) What's elementary school teacher opinion about how to develop school food service? The subjects of study were 328 male or female teachers who served at elementary school in urban and rural area, including eup, myon, or farming and fishing villages, Kyonggi province. A questionnaire survey was conducted over them. The conclusions were as follows: 1) Teacher Attitude Toward School Food Service Management Concerning food service place, the subjects were more satisfied at food service room(73.3%) than at classroom(23.0%). They responded that food service room was more effective, than classroom, for food transportation, distribution and post-arrangement. Their satisfaction at food service place was significantly different. The older teachers considered personnel management and cooking room's sanitary management to be more efficient, and their age made a significant difference to their consciousness of these things. Many teachers(63.1%) thought the measures to prevent and manage group food poisoning were relatively efficient. The male teachers expressed more affirmative view on the efficiency of school food expense management and menu preparation than female teachers, and there was a significant disparity between male and female teachers. 2) Elementary School Food Service Effect School food service was thought to be very effective for physical growth(74.1%) and physical strength improvement(70.1%). Teachers at smaller school revealed more affirmative response toward school food service effect on correcting an unbalanced diet, and older teachers considered its effect on nutrition knowledge acquisition and learning outcome to be more great. Teachers at larger school put less value on its effect on table manners, and school size produced a significant difference. The number of teachers who thought school food service generally raised parent concern and support for school(36.6%) was a little more than that of teachers who didn't think so(15.2%). And the number of teachers who didn't consider its effect on improving parent food life to be good(29.3%) was slightly more than that of teachers who did. 3) School Food Service Reform Measure What's most urgently needed for better school food service management appeared to be an expansion of facilities concerned, followed by more effective food distribution and transport, cooking room's better sanitary management, more successful food poisoning prevention and management, more effective food expense management, and an increase of food service personnel in the order named. The most effective means of school food service education was found to be a creation of link system to family, followed by a development of school food service education program, a development of teaching materials, an insertion of school food service in curriculum, and teacher education in the order named.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2017

Railway is one of the public transportation systems along with shipping and aviation. With the recent introduction of high speed train, its proportion is increasing rapidly, which results in the higher risk of catastrophic failures. The wheel bearing to support the train is one of the important components requiring higher reliability and safety in this aspect. Recently, many studies have been made under the name of prognostics and health management (PHM), for the purpose of fault diagnosis and failure prognosis of the bearing under operation. Among them, the most important step is to extract a feature that represents the fault status properly and is useful for accurate remaining life prediction. However, the conventional features have shown some limitations that make them less useful since they fluctuate over time even after the signal de-noising or do not show a distinct pattern of degradation which lack the monotonic trend over the cycles. In this study, a new method for feature extraction is proposed based on the observation of relative frequency energy shifting over the cycles, which is then converted into the feature using the information entropy. In order to demonstrate the method, traditional and new features are generated and compared using the bearing data named FEMTO which was provided by the FEMTO-ST institute for IEEE 2012 PHM Data Challenge competition.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.110-141
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• 1988

This study was conducted to find out the mental health state of high school students. First-year students and third-year students af liberal high schools is Seoul were subject to this study. Questionnaire of Symptom Checklist-90 and various factors was adopted for the survey. A total of 916 questionnaires was sellected for the analysis, and the results are obtained as follows; 1) The characteristics in responses to mental health scale showed that obsessive-compulsive scale score was the highest, followed by interpersonal-sensitivity, depression, hostility, and anxiety. The subject group of the students showed higher scores in nine symptom dimensions except somatization than other normal group. 2) Girl-students showed higher scores than boy-students in somatization, depression, and anxiety, whereas the opposite was true in hostility. 3) Third-year students got high scores, in somatization, anxiety and Depression. 4) Parental marriage state of the repondents showed significant differences in nine symptom dimensions of mental health. Scores of the students with parents was the lowest, followed by those of students with only mother, only father and the rest(no parents, divorced, sepaerated, step-parent) in increasing order. 5) Smoking students showed high score in obsessive-compulsive, depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism. Especially in hostility, they got much higher score. 6) Students with poor record at school got higher scores in every symptom dimension than those with good record at school, especially in obsessive-compulsive and depression scale. 7) Parents' attitude toward student showed significant effect on every scale. Students under over-expectation or indifference from parents were in bad mental health state. 8) Students who have advisor proved to be in better mental health state than those who never consult their personal problems with others. 9) He who has family history got higher scores in some scales. 10) Respondents who looked upon what they have learned in high school as being rather an obstacle to sound social life got high scores in all the symptom dimensions and next came those of the students who answered that there were a lot of unnecessary things in their learning. 11) Those for whom it would not quite necessary to enter college if there were little formal schooling discrimination in society got high scores in obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and in psychoticism, especially higher in obsessive-compulsive scale. 12) Mental health state of the students who are influenced by the social surroundings, mass media, and the home environments showed high score in 8 symptom dimensions. 13) Abnormal response frequency of this sample is as follows; 24.0％ of boys, 23.8％ of girls, 22.5％ of the first-year students, and 26.9％ of the third-year students. There were significant difference among the grades. 14) The factors of distinctive correlation between the dimensions of SCL-90 and 16 factors were the father's negative attitude and depression, negative responses on teaching contents and anxiety, and smoking and hostility. In conclusion, mental health state of liberal highschool students on the whole showed worse than other normal groups. It had close terms with relation with their parents, schoolwork, smoking, teaching contents, the social surrounding, mass media, and the home environments. Thus I believe there need not only mental health education of students, training of teachers, counceling of parents, but also changes in teaching contents, and the improvement of educational system and the social surroundings under the national support.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2020

This study is to find ways to build economic participation for the elderly through job projects to help the elderly live a pleasant life. The results of this study are as follows. First, the relevant laws must be overhauled. To this end, jobs targeting the elderly should be selected first, and legal procedures should be prepared in the government. Second, they should extend the retirement age and support senior employment businesses. The extension of the retirement age believes that a resumption of the wage structure is inevitable in order to increase employment for senior citizens. It is also desirable to implement policies such as giving tax benefits to companies that employ older people more than a certain percentage of them. Third, there should be self-help efforts by the elderly. Three factors are essential to keep the work of old age pleasant and faithful. In other words, it is important to always learn new knowledge and hone one's ability in order to do a rewarding job of living without health and some economic stability. In conclusion, measures to establish economic participation for the elderly through the work-seeker project will require, among other things, a sufficient extension of the retirement age to allow the elderly to engage in their jobs, while overhauling the system, including legal maintenance.