• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2010

이 연구는 칼라 디지털 카메라 영상 분석에 의한 유수분화기 벼 군락의 건물중 및 질소흡수량 추정 모델, 유수분화기 질소흡수량과 질소 수비량에 따른 유수분화기 이후 질소 흡수량 추정 모델, 유수분화기 질소 흡수량과 유수분화기 이후 질소 흡수량에 따른 수량 및 쌀 단백질함량 추정 모델을 구축하고 이를 종합하여 목표 수량 또는 단백질함량을 달성하기 위한 질소 수비량을 추천하는 원시 프로그램을 개발하여 현장 적용성 예비 검토를 실시하고자 한 것이다. 1. 군락피복도(CC)와 군락체적(CV)은 초장, 건물중 및 질소흡수량과 고도로 유의한정의 상관을 나타내었으며, R, G, B, NDI 및 명도 값은 이들과 유의한 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 한편 표준화된 색지표인 r은 잎 및 지상부 질소함량과 유의한 부의 상관을 나타내었으나 표준화 색지표 b와 g는 이들과 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 2. 벼 군락의 디지털 카메라 영상분석을 이용한 벼 지상부 건물중 및 질소 흡수량을 추정하기 위한 비선형회귀 모델을 작성하였다. 지상부 건물중 추정 모텔에는 CC와 정규화된 R값(r, NorR)이 변수로 채택이 되었고, 질소흡수량 추정에는 CC와 정규화된 G값(g, NorG)이 채택되었으며, 이들 모델의 결정계수는 각각 0.81과 0.68이었다. 영성분석 색지표 이외에 초장을 모델에 도입하는 경우 모델의 결정계수는 더 높아졌다. 3. 유수분화기에 적정 질소 추비량을 처방하기 위해서는 유수분화기 식물체의 질소 영양 상태(질소 흡수량, PNup) 및 질소 시비량이 수량과 단백질함량에 미치는 영향을 정량화하여야 하는데, 이를 위하여 Npi와 PNup이 유수 분화기부터 성숙기까지의 지상부 질소흡수량에 미치는 영향 및 PNup과 PHNup이 벼 수량 및 쌀 단백질 함량에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 중회귀 모델을 작성하였으며 이 모델들은 결정계수가 모두 0.8이상으로 높았다. 4. 상기의 모델들을 종합하여 유수분화기 벼 군락 영상분석을 이용한 수비처방 원시 프로그램을 작성하여 예비 검증 실험을 하였다. 벼 수비 처방 프로그램에 의해 쌀단백질 함량 6.0%를 기준으로 처방된 수비질소 분시율이 19%~21%로 표준재배 분시율 30%에 비해 낮은 수준으로 처방되었으나 완전미 수량은 대등하였고, 단백질함량은 수비처방 목표단백질 함량 6%보다는 다소 낮은 5.7~5.8%였으며, 수량과 단백질함량의 변이 계수는 관행 수비 처방구에 비하여 프로그램 처방구에서 크게 낮아져서 프로그램 처방에 의하여 수량과 품질이 균질화되는 결과였다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2015

기후변화로 야기되는 미래의 고온 환경은 벼의 생산성을 저하시킬 것으로 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 국내 벼 생산성의 신뢰성 있는 영향평가 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 고온 환경에서의 벼의 수량과 수량 구성 요소의 반응을 조사하고 분석하였다. 실험은 1/5000a 와그너 포트를 이용하여 2008년과 2009년에 걸쳐 서울대학교 부속실험농장($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$, $128^{\circ}59^{\prime}E$)의 온도조절 플라스틱 하우스에서 실시되었다. 2008년에는 자포니카계의 화성벼를 공시품종으로 이용하였으며, 시비수준을 $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$와 $180kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$로 하였다. 온도처리는 대기온도, 대기온도 대비 $+1.5^{\circ}C$, $+3.0^{\circ}C$의 세 수준으로 하였다. 2009년에는 화성벼와 통일계의 다산벼를 공시품종으로 하여 $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 시비하였다. 온도처리는 대기온도, 대기온도 대비 $+1.5^{\circ}C$, $+3.0^{\circ}C$ 및 $+5.0^{\circ}C$ 수준으로 처리하였다. 수량 및 수량구성요소의 온도처리에 따른 영향은 품종별로 상이한 반응을 보였다. 이삭수와 이삭당 영화수는 두 품종 모두 온도처리의 영향을 받지 않았으나, 천립중과 등숙률에 대해 화성벼는 $5.0^{\circ}C$, 다산벼는 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도처리에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 포트당 수량은 화성벼의 경우 $5.0^{\circ}C$, 다산벼는 $3.0^{\circ}C$ 및 $5.0^{\circ}C$ 온도처리에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈다. 등숙기간 동안의 평균기온에 대한 천립중과 등숙률 반응 또한 품종별로 다르게 나타났다. 다산벼의 경우 $23^{\circ}C$ 이상의 평균 온도에 대해 등숙률과 천립중이 급격히 감소한데 반해, 화성벼는 $23^{\circ}C$부터 $27^{\circ}C$ 범위에 대해 등숙률과 천립중의 변화가 크지 않았다. 기후변화에 의한 지속적인 기온상승이 예상되는 가운데 온도상승에 따른 등숙률과 천립중의 감소는 미래 기후 환경에서의 벼의 수량 감소를 야기하는 주요 원인으로 예측된다. 다만, 상승된 기온에 대한 벼의 반응은 품종별로 상이하기 때문에 고온에 둔감한 품종의 도입 또는 그러한 특성을 지닌 품종의 육종을 통해 기후변화에 따른 수량 감소의 위험을 낮출 수 있을 것이다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2007

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive loss of cognitive function and memory. Amyloid beta peptide ($A{\beta}$) is the major component of senile plaques and is known to exert its cytotoxic effect mainly by producing $H_2O_2$. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain of AD patients, and $H_2O_2$ is one of the factors that induce VEGF. Therefore, we tested whether $A{\beta}$ might be responsible for the increased VEGF synthesis. We found that $A{\beta}$ induced the production of $H_2O_2$ in vitro. Comparison of the amount of $H_2O_2$ required to induce VEGF synthesis in HN33 cells and the amount of $H_2O_2$ produced by $10{\mu}M\;A{\beta}_{1-42}$ in vitro suggested that a toxic concentration of $A{\beta}$ might induce VEGF synthesis in these cells. However, toxic concentrations of $A{\beta}$ failed to induce VEGF synthesis in several cell systems. They also had no effect on antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and peroxiredoxin in HN33 cells. $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ are known to accumulate in the brains of AD patients and promote aggregation of $A{\beta}$, and $Cu^{2+}$ by itself induces synthesis of VEGF. However, there was no synergistic effect between $Cu^{2+}$ and $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ in the induction of VEGF synthesis and $Zn^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ also had no effect on the synthesis of VEGF, alone or in combination with $A{\beta}$.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.14-14
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• 1995

The effect of lipoxygenase (LOX) on the oxidation and co-oxidation of lipid fraction was studied in the model system of rainbow trout. For the reaction in model system 1 g of lipid fraction and 50mL of enzyme extract(LOX, 140 unit in 50mL phosphate buffer solution at pH 7,4)), which were obtained from rainbow trout, were homoginized in the presence of Tween 20 and kept at 23$\circ$C for 3 days. The activity of LOX was decreased to 43% of initial level during the reaction in the model system. The initial composition of rainbow trout lipid was showed to be consisted of trigliceride(TG;82%) and free fatty acid(FFA;0.1%), while this converted to 59% of TG and 20% of FIFA, respectively after reaction in model system. Change of fatty acid composition was also observed and the content of linoleic acid, one of the major fatte acids, was decreased to 13% from 54% in the content of total fatty acids after reaction. The carotenoids in rainbow trout were composed of 0.4% $\alpha$-carotene, 1.6% $\beta$ -carotene, 80% canthaxanthin, 7% lutein and 11% zeaxanthin, thus the canthaxanthin was the major component. This canthaxanthin was the most degraded carotenoid by lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation during the reaction. On the other hand the tocopherol isomers found in the rainbow trout were $\alpha$ and $\beta$ -tocopherol, and $\alpha$-tocopherol had a higher degradation rate by the lipoxygenase catalyzed co-oxidation than of $\beta$-tocopherol in the reaction of model system.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention on the improvement of obesity, health behaviors and behavioral determinants among Korean adults. Methods: Obese adults aged 30 to 59 years (n=76) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or the comparison group (CG). The IG received a 3-month multi-component lifestyle intervention, while the CG received minimal information on obesity. The program consisted of health counseling, health education booklet and health diary. Health examination and self-administered survey were conducted before and after the intervention to determine the effectiveness of the program. Results: After the intervention. health indices of the IG were significantly improved in weight(p=.003), waist circumference(p=.011), % body fat(p=.021), and total abdominal fat area(p=.041). The reduction of waist circumstance among IG participants was better than that of those in the CG(p=.017). The IG demonstrated significant improvements in dietary behaviors(p=.013), periodic measurement of waist circumstance(p=.005), pros of weight control(p<.001) and awareness of one's current biomarkers(p=.038) better than the CG did. The proportion of normalized participants in waist circumference was 21.1% in the IG and 8.7% in the CG(p=.017). Conclusions: Lifestyle intervention program can improve the obese status and health behaviors in adults.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1469-1476
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• 2007

Jeot-gal is a traditional Korean fermented seafood and has long been used for seasoning. We isolated 188 strains from shrimp, anchovy, and yellow corvina Jeot-gal, and screened sixteen strains that showed strong fibrinolytic activities on a fibrin plate. Among those strains, the strain that had the largest halo zone was chosen and identified as Bacillus licheniformis by using 16S rDNA sequencing and an API CHB kit. The fibrinolytic activity of Bacillus licheniformis was characterized and designated as bpKJ-31. The active component of bpKJ-31 was identified as a 37 kDa protein, designated bacillopeptidase F, by internal peptide mapping and N-terminal sequencing. The optimum activity of bpKJ-31 was shown at pH 9 and $40^{\circ}C$, with a chromogenic substrate for plasmin. It had high degrading activity for the $B{\beta}$-chain and $A{\alpha}$-chain of fibrin(ogen), and also acted on thrombin, but not skim milk and casein. The amidolytic activity of bpKJ-31 was inhibited by 1 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, but 1 mM EDTA did not affect the enzyme activity, indicating that bpKJ-31 is an alkaline serine protease, like a plasmin. The bpKJ-31 showed approximately 14.3% higher fibrinolytic activity than the plasmin. These features of bpKJ-31 make it attractive as a health-promoting biomaterial.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

Background: The ginseng berry has various bioactivities, including antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, we have revealed that the active antiaging component of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol, has the ability to stimulate longevity via gene activation. Despite the many known beneficial effects of ginseng, its effects on skin aging are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of ginseng and the ginseng berry on one of the skin aging processes, melanogenesis, and age-related pigment lipofuscin accumulation, to elucidate the mechanism of action with respect to antiaging. Methods: The human melanoma MNT1 cell line was treated with ginseng root extract, ginseng berry extract, or syringaresinol. Then, the cells were analyzed using a melanin assay, and the tyrosinase activity was estimated. The Caenorhabditis elegans wild type N2 strain was used for the life span assay to analyze the antiaging effects of the samples. A lipofuscin fluorescence assay was performed during 10 passages with the syringaresinol treatment. Results: A 7-d treatment with ginseng berry extract reduced melanin accumulation and tyrosinase activity more than ginseng root extract. These results may be due to the active compound of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol. The antimelanogenic activity was strongly coordinated with the activation of the longevity gene foxo3a. Moreover, the ginseng berry extract had more potent antiaging effects, caused a life span extension, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that these antimelanogenic effects and antiaging effects of ginseng berry mediate the activation of antioxidation-FoxO3a signaling.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2006

During mitosis, genomic integrity is maintained by the proper coordination of anaphase entry and mitotic exit via mitotic checkpoints. In budding yeast, mitotic exit is controlled by a regulatory cascade called the mitotic exit network (MEN). The MEN is regulated by a small GTPase, Tem1p, which in turn is controlled by a two-component GAP, Bfa1p-Bub2p. Recent results suggested that phosphorylation of Bfa1p by the polorelated kinase Cdc5p is also required for triggering mitotic exit, since it decreases the GAP activity of Bfa1p-Bub2p. However, the dispensability of GEF Lte1p for mitotic exit has raised questions about regulation of the MEN by the GTPase activity of Tem1p. We isolated a Bfa1p mutant, $Bfa1p^{E438K}$, whose overexpression only partially induced anaphase arrest. The molecular and biochemical functions of $Bfa1p^{E438K}$ are similar to those of wild type Bfa1p, except for decreased GAP activity. Interestingly, in $BFA1^{E438K}$ cells, the MEN could be regulated with nearly wild type kinetics at physiological temperature, as well as in response to various checkpoint-activating signals, but the cells were more sensitive to spindle damage than wild type. These results suggest that the GAP activity of Bfa1p-Bub2p is responsible for the mitotic arrest caused by spindle damage and Bfa1p overproduction. In addition, the viability of cdc5-2 ${\Delta}bfa1 $ cells was not reduced by $BFA1^{E438K}$, suggesting that Cdc5p also regulates Bfa1p to activate mitotic exit by other mechanism(s), besides phosphorylation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.420-428
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• 2023

Background: Ginsenoside F2 (GF2), a minor component of Panax ginseng, has been reported to possess a wide variety of pharmacological activities. However, its effects on glucose metabolism have not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the underlying signaling pathways involved in its effects on hepatic glucose. Methods: HepG2 cells were used to establish insulin-resistant (IR) model and treated with GF2. Cell viability and glucose uptake-related genes were also examined by real-time PCR and immunoblots. Results: Cell viability assays showed that GF2 up to 50 μM did not affect normal and IR-HepG2 cell viability. GF2 reduced oxidative stress by inhibiting phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling components such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 MAPK, and reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Furthermore, GF2 activated PI3K/AKT signaling, upregulated the levels of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2) and GLUT-4 in IR-HepG2 cells, and promoted glucose absorption. At the same time, GF2 reduced phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression as well as inhibiting gluconeogenesis. Conclusion: Overall, GF2 improved glucose metabolism disorders by reducing cellular oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells via MAPK signaling, participating in the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway, promoting glycogen synthesis, and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.921-937
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• 2013

Sportswear brands in particular have been intensely competing to get an opportunity to prove the value of their new technology and products through sports sponsorship. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among sports involvement, the attitude toward sports sponsorship carried by sportswear brands, brand equity, and purchase intention of the products of the sponsor's brand. The study was implemented though a descriptive survey method using a questionnaire. The sample consisted of 455 men (n=289) and women (n=166) in their twenties, residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and path analysis of structural equation modeling. The results revealed that sports involvement has an influence on the consumers' attitudes toward sports sponsorship performed by sportswear brands. Also, the sports sponsorship attitude of consumers had an influence on the brand equity and purchase intention toward the sponsor's brand products. It was notable that the attitude toward the manner of sponsoring of the sponsor than the contents itself of the sports event sponsored had an influence more on brand loyalty. Among the component factors of brand equity, brand loyalty showed the biggest impact on purchase intention. Considering the results, in order for sports sponsorship to be more effective, sports involvement of the target market should be considered more carefully.