Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회지)

Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (한국농림기상학회)
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Effects of Elevated Air Temperature on Yield and Yield Components of Rice

온도 상승 조건이 벼의 수량 및 수량구성요소에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Kyu-Jong (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Nguyen, Duc-Nhuan (Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry) ;
  • Choi, Doug-Hwan (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Ban, Ho-Young (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Byun-Woo (Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University)
  • 이규종 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 뉴안덕 (타이노이엔 농림대학 천연자원환경학부) ;
  • 최덕환 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 반호영 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 이변우 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부)
  • Received : 2015.05.09
  • Accepted : 2015.06.27
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

High temperature stress would affect rice production in the future as heat wave is expected to occur frequently under climate change conditions. The objective of this study was to obtain rudimentary information to assess the impact of heat stress on rice yield and its yield component in Korea. Two rice cultivars "Hwaseongbyeo" (Japonica) and "Dasanbyeo" (Tongil-type) were grown at different nitrogen fertilization levels in two seasons. These cultivars were grown in 1/5000a Wagner pot placed within four plastic houses where temperature was controlled at ambient, ambient$+1.5^{\circ}C$, ambient$+3^{\circ}C$ and ambient$+5^{\circ}C$ throughout the rice growing season in Suwon ($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$, $128^{\circ}59^{\prime}E$), Korea. The degree of temperature change affected grain yield whereas the level of nitrogen had little impact on grain yield. The number of panicle per pot and spikelet per panicle were not significantly different among temperature treatments in both cultivars tested. In contrast, 1000-grain weight and ripened grain ratio were decreased significantly under the treatments raising the air temperature to the level of $5.0^{\circ}C$ and $1.5^{\circ}C$ above the ambient air temperature in Dasanbyeo and Hwaseongbyeo, respectively. Reduction of 1000-grain weight and ripened grain ratio under the temperature treatments of $3.0^{\circ}C$ and $5.0^{\circ}C$ above the ambient air temperature resulted in significantly less grain yield for Dasanbyeo and Hwaseongbyeo, respectively. The greater sensitivity of grain yield to temperature increase in Dasanbyeo was attributable to the sharp decrease of 1000-grain weight and ripened grain ratio with the temperature rise above $23^{\circ}C$ during ripening period. On the other hand, Hwaseongbyeo had little variation of them in the temperature range of $23-27^{\circ}C$. These results suggested that grain yield would decrease under future climate conditions due to grain weight decreased by shorter grain filling period as well as the ripened grain ratio reduced by spikelet sterility and early abortion of rice kernel development. Thus, it would be essential to use cultivars tolerant to heat stress for climate change adaptation, which merits further studies for developing varieties that have traits to avoid spikelet sterility and early abortion of rice kernel, e.g., early morning flowering, under heat wave.

기후변화로 야기되는 미래의 고온 환경은 벼의 생산성을 저하시킬 것으로 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 국내 벼 생산성의 신뢰성 있는 영향평가 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 고온 환경에서의 벼의 수량과 수량 구성 요소의 반응을 조사하고 분석하였다. 실험은 1/5000a 와그너 포트를 이용하여 2008년과 2009년에 걸쳐 서울대학교 부속실험농장($37^{\circ}16^{\prime}N$, $128^{\circ}59^{\prime}E$)의 온도조절 플라스틱 하우스에서 실시되었다. 2008년에는 자포니카계의 화성벼를 공시품종으로 이용하였으며, 시비수준을 $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$와 $180kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$로 하였다. 온도처리는 대기온도, 대기온도 대비 $+1.5^{\circ}C$, $+3.0^{\circ}C$의 세 수준으로 하였다. 2009년에는 화성벼와 통일계의 다산벼를 공시품종으로 하여 $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ 수준으로 시비하였다. 온도처리는 대기온도, 대기온도 대비 $+1.5^{\circ}C$, $+3.0^{\circ}C$ 및 $+5.0^{\circ}C$ 수준으로 처리하였다. 수량 및 수량구성요소의 온도처리에 따른 영향은 품종별로 상이한 반응을 보였다. 이삭수와 이삭당 영화수는 두 품종 모두 온도처리의 영향을 받지 않았으나, 천립중과 등숙률에 대해 화성벼는 $5.0^{\circ}C$, 다산벼는 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도처리에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 포트당 수량은 화성벼의 경우 $5.0^{\circ}C$, 다산벼는 $3.0^{\circ}C$ 및 $5.0^{\circ}C$ 온도처리에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈다. 등숙기간 동안의 평균기온에 대한 천립중과 등숙률 반응 또한 품종별로 다르게 나타났다. 다산벼의 경우 $23^{\circ}C$ 이상의 평균 온도에 대해 등숙률과 천립중이 급격히 감소한데 반해, 화성벼는 $23^{\circ}C$부터 $27^{\circ}C$ 범위에 대해 등숙률과 천립중의 변화가 크지 않았다. 기후변화에 의한 지속적인 기온상승이 예상되는 가운데 온도상승에 따른 등숙률과 천립중의 감소는 미래 기후 환경에서의 벼의 수량 감소를 야기하는 주요 원인으로 예측된다. 다만, 상승된 기온에 대한 벼의 반응은 품종별로 상이하기 때문에 고온에 둔감한 품종의 도입 또는 그러한 특성을 지닌 품종의 육종을 통해 기후변화에 따른 수량 감소의 위험을 낮출 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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