• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.14 no.6 s.67
• /
• pp.906-912
• /
• 2004

Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent, as high as 2/3 of whole population infected, in Korea. H. pylori infection initiates inflammation by induction of interleukin-8 through type IV secretion of CagA. It was recently suggested that induction failure of IL-8 is not associated with defect in cag PAI but associated with cagE locus diversity. This study was designed to investigate ability of 11-8 in-duction according to sequence variation within the cagE gene, cagA TP motifs and vacA m-types in vitro study using AGS cell-line, and to evaluate its association with different clinical outcome. Seventy-four H. pylori stains were isolated from 23 patients with gastric cancer (Ca), 24 subjects with gastritis (G) and 27 patients with duodenal ulcer (Du) in Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. cagE gene diversity was confirmed by the PCR-RFLP methods with MboI/NlaIII and tyrosine phosphate motifs (TPMs) of cagA was determined TPM-A and C by using DdeI/Tsp5091 restriction enzyme and TPM-B was determend by Real time PCR the method of Owen et al. and IL-8 was measured by ELISA assay. IL-8 activity was positively detected in 59 among 74 strains $(79.7\%)$. IL-8 secretion was significantly increased in MboI A and MboI B type compared to MboI C type and in MboI/NlaIII A-C and B-C type than C-C type. 1L-8 activity was not associated with either the number or composition of cagA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs and vacA m-type. There was no significant difference in IL-8 activity among patient groups. cagE gene diversity is thought to be mainly associated with the induction of IL-8 in H. pylori infection.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1851-1858
• /
• 2010

Estrogen deficiency in peri- and postmenopausal women results in variety of neurovegetative, psychic and somatic symptoms, and may contribute to severe diseases within the aged female population. Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) is an edible brown algae traditionally used in fishery towns in Far East Asia. This study was performed to investigate the effects of ES extracts on blood flow and serum lipid concentration in ovariectomized rats. Weight-matched female Sprague-Dawley strain rats were assigned to four groups. Three groups were surgically ovariectomized (OVX). The fourth group was sham operated. Rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-CON), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ES extract at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-ES50) and ovariectomized rats supplemented with ES extract at 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-ES200). Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride contents decreased in the sham group compared to the OVX-CON group. Six weeks feeding of ES extract resulted in a significant (p<0.05) lowering of serum triglyceride and a lowering tendency of total cholesterol level. The level of Hdl-cholesterol in serum increased by supplementation of ES extracts at 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg bw/day (p<0.05). Blood passage time of the ES extracts-supplemented group was higher than the OVX-CON group. The ability of platelet aggregation of groups treated with ES extracts was less than that of the OVX-CON group. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of ES extract may be used to possibly improve on the metabolic syndrome of menopausal women.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.567-572
• /
• 2014

Extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum have been reported to show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-metastatic, and hepato-protective effects. This study was designed to evaluate T-cell activation and M1/M2 differential macrophage activation by extracts of P. grandiflorum or P. grandiflorum containing various medicinal herbs. Using real-time RT-PCR, we analyzed expression levels of c-fos, and CD40L (T-cell activation markers) in splenocytes and iNOS, Ym1, and ARG1 in RAW 246.7 cells after treatment of CC (hot water extract of P. grandiflorum), MAEK (hot water extract of P. grandiflorum [82%] and six different plants), and HWAL (hot water extract of P. grandiflorum [7%] and eight different plants. The results showed that MAEK significantly elevated the expression of T-cell activation markers of splenocytes, with the c-fos gene activated more than 10-fold and the CD40L gene activated more than 6-fold. Although CD40L was significantly increased by CC and HWAL, the increase was only about 2-fold. In addition, CC and HWAL did not significantly activate the expression of the c-fos gene. On the other hand, CC elevated the M1 activation marker iNOS, and HWAL elevated the M2 activation marker Ym1 and ARG1 gene expression. In conclusion, MAEK could be used as an immune stimulant because of its ability to activate T cells (elicited c-fos and CD40L gene expression), whereas HWAL could serve as an anti-inflammatory agent because of its differential activation of M2 macrophages.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 2010

We explored the effects of curing and smoking conditions on the shelf life of Dombaeki (shark meat). Dombaeki cured for 12 h in an aqueous solution containing (per 100 ml) salt 5.6 g, sugar 14 g, and garlic powder 0.6 g, showed the best sensory quality among various samples cured for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 hours. The optimum conditions for preparation of smoked Dombaeki (SD) were drying at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, followed by cooking at $80^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and smoking at $65^{\circ}C$ for 40 min, as judged by sensory evaluation of taste, color, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability. The volatile basic nitrogen content of air- or vacuum-packed unsmoked Dombaeki (NSD) was above 20 mg% after storage for either 12 days or 5 weeks. However, the nitrogen contents of air- and vacuum-packed SD were less than 20 mg% after either 21 days or 10 weeks of storage at $10^{\circ}C$. The DPPH free radical-scavenging ability of SD (73.9%) was significantly higher than that of unsmoked meat (4.54%). The total polyphenol content of SD (745.6 g/g) was about 4-fold greater than that of unsmoked meat (179.5 g/g).The viable bacterial count of air- or vacuum-packed unsmoked meat was over $10^6\;CFU/g$ after storage for either 12 days or 5 weeks. However, air- or vacuum-packed SD had counts under $10^4\;CFU/g$ at all storage times tested. Changes in coliform bacterial levels paralleled those of total viable cells. The sensory quality (taste, color, flavor, appearance, texture, and overall acceptability) of SD was significantly better than that of NSD.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the possible use of Red Ginseng marc as stress inhibiter in thermal stress (temperature humidity index 86) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - exposed laying hens by investigating their effects on laying performance, blood biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin concentration and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) like ability. A total of forty-five 52-wk-old laying hens (ISA Brown) were divided into 3 treatment groups with 5 replicates of 3 birds in each group. NC (negative control, no immune substances), PC (positive control, ${\beta}$-glucan 25 ppm) and RGM (Red Ginseng Marc 3%) were added in feed with respective substance. Egg production in RGM was significantly increased in comparison with NC groups for 8 weeks (P<0.05). On blood biochemical parameters, effects of ambient temperature is definite by showing significant difference in aspartate aminotransferase and others (P<0.05), but RGM both before and after thermal stimulation have no significant difference in comparison with other groups. And for 3 weeks after thermal stimulation, laying performance was also not significantly different among treatments. Immunoglobulin M content and SOD like activities after challenge with LPS were higher in the RGM and PC than NC (P<0.05). In conclusion, although ineffective as inhibiter in thermal stress, dietary supplementation of Red Ginseng marc improved SOD like activity and immune system by regulating immunoglobulin content in laying hens. These findings have laid the foundation for future studies of immunomodulation in laying hens fed Red Ginseng Marc and of evaluation of heat stress inhibitor.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2010

This article analyzes two leading Korean cases which led to opposite conclusions: the Boramae Hospital Case (Korean Supreme Court 2002 Do 995) and the Shinchon Severance Hospital Case (Korean Supreme Court 2009 Da 17471). In doing so, it pays particular attention to the acceptance, modification, and rejection of paternalism, specifically 'physician paternalism' and 'familial paternalism', both of which have long and strongly influenced the Korean medical environment. In Boramae Hospital, the Court emphasized the obligation of the physician in terms of the life of the patient (eg: protecting and preserving the life and welfare of the patient). Its position seemed to be based on the traditional physician paternalism which presupposes the ability of physicians to identify right and wrong choices according to natural laws. However, the Court saw itself as the final arbiter of who identifies and determines the real world content and consequences of that natural law. In short, the Court elevated itself to the supreme guardian of the patient, and held that its decision cannot be overruled by that of the patient's family. So without specifically referring to the importance of the family and the role of familial decisions, both long-observed traditions in medical decision-making in Korea, the Court shifted away from familial paternalism. In Shinchon Severance Hospital, the Court explained the meaning of the patient's powers of self-rulemore concretely, explaining its scope and substance in greater detail. The Court held that one can exercise the right of self-rule, even over issues such as death, in the form of 'previous medical directions'. However, this case does not represent a wholesale acceptance of medical autonomy (ie: it does not accept self-rule unconditionally). Rather, the Court accepted the importance of the opinions and decision of physicians and of the Hospital Ethics Commission, and the Court still retained to itself the authority to review and make alterations to 'material' decision. The Court did not overlook the importance of the decision of the patient's family, but it also did not relinquish its status as supreme guardian, emphasizing the 'objective' nature of a decision from the court.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.59-76
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the teaching/learning process plan of 'housing culture and practical space use' for home economics in middle school according to the problem based learning(PBL) model. The plan consisting of 4-lessons has been developed and implemented following the steps of ADDIE model. Various activity materials (4 scenarios, 6 individual activity sheets, 10 reading texts, and 5 working resources) and visual materials (4 sets of ppt and 4 moving pictures) as well as questionnaire were developed for the 4-session lessons. The plans were implemented to a single class of 21 junior students at H middle school in rural area, Kyeongnam, from 1^st to 12^th of April, 2019. Students highly enjoyed and were satisfied with the whole 4-lessons in aspects such as understanding of the contents, adequacy of materials and activities, and usefulness in one's own daily life. Additionally, they have more actively participated in the lessons than usual and even interested in learning more of such lessons. Students also reported that they highly accomplished the goal of each lesson as well as overall objectives. They showed interest in the major part of PBL lesson such as scenario and group activities. And they engaged themselves in drawing the share housing space plan with '5D planner' web program which they described as the best part of the lessons. The teaching/learning process plan developed in this study may be used as a theme of maker education, which is emerging these days. It can be concluded that the PBL teaching/learning process plans for 'housing values and practical space use' would contribute to improving students' attitude on living with others and ability to manage one's individual life.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2008

A total of 15 different residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in each 20 samples of Pacific oysters, dried laver and rockfish obtained from seafood markets were analyzed. The prevalence of samples in which more than one PAH residues were found was 75% in oyster, 35% in rock fish hepatopancreas, 0% in rockfish muscle and laver, respectively. To estimate factors contributing to this residue level difference among organisms, tissue concentrations were analyzed after exposing three organisms to phenanthrene, a representative PAH, with concentration of 0.01 or $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ for 2 weeks. Phenanthrene levels after exposure were higher in the oyster digestive gland, laver and rockfish hepatopancreas, but were lower in the oyster whole meat or rockfish muscle. This finding disproved that any close relationship between the residue difference of market samples and concentrating properties of PAHs. The second possible factor analyzed was total lipid contents in the three organisms. Although higher lipid level in hepatopancreas of rockfish may contribute accumulation of PAH residues in the rockfish, lipid factor did not affect to PAH levels in other organism samples. Activity of 7-ethyoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), a kind of cytochrome $P_{450}$ enzyme, was measured to evaluate the eliminated amount of PAHs through metabolism. The higher EROD activity in rockfish, compared to that in oyster, was likely to contribute to the lower PAH residues in the rockfish. More factors, such as different exposure history, organisms' ability to escape, ingestion through prey organisms, and post-harvest loss, should be studied in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.1718-1721
• /
• 2008

The skin of human is constantly being exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke and chemicals. These irritants cause free radicals and reactive oxygen species which leave serious damages on the cells of skin. The water and ethanol extracts of Cambodian Phellinus linteus were investigated for the activities of anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-wrinkle effects to apply as a functional ingredient for cosmetic products. As the result of evaluation of liquid oxidation rate by add $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$ to Cambodian Phellinus linteus extracts, Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts were higher than Cambodian Phellinus linteus water extracts in the chealting ability of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Cu^{2+}$. The Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts exhibited that anti-lipid peroxidation higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml. Cambodian Phellinus linteus water and ethanol extracts showed a higher inhibitory effect on $Fe^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation compared to $Cu^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation. In the case of anti-wrinkle effect, the elastase inhibition activity of Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts was 50.7%, and it is higher than urosolic acid at the concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. Also, in collagenase inhibition activity, Cambodian Phellinus linteus water extract showed low effect, but Cambodian Phellinus linteus ethanol extract was about 50% at a 0.1 mg/ml. concentration. These results proved that Cambodian Phellinus linteus had anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-wrinkle effect. Therefore, Cambodian Phellinus linteus could be useful as an anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.858-864
• /
• 2011

The phenolic compounds of walnut extracts by various solvents were shown to be 24.3 mg/g in hot water, 34.4 mg/g in ethanol, 32.5 mg/g in methanol and 15.1 mg/g in acetone. In a comparison of phenolic compounds from hot water and different concentrations of ethanol, which are harmless, 60% ethanol extract and hot water extract were 34.7 mg/g, 24.6 mg/g. The electron donating ability (EDA) of walnut extracts in hot water and 60% ethanol were 78.1% and 80.6%. According to ABTS radical cation decolorization for antioxidant activity, hot water and 60% ethanol extract showed high antioxidant activities of 98.1% and 98.3%. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) were $1.1{\pm}0.2$ PF and $1.1{\pm}0.4$ PF in hot water and 60% ethanol extract. In TBARs inhibitory activity, each extract showed high antioxidant activities at 60% and 75%. Anti-inflammation effects of walnut extract were tested, and inhibition of NO was 50% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Inhibitory activity against iNOS and COX-2 were shown, through Western blot, to be 10% in 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ phenolics. Tyrosine inhibitory activity of 60% ethanol extract was 43%, and astringent effect of 60% ethanol extract was 55%. These results suggest that walnut extracts are suitable for functional cosmetics requiring skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle activity.